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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Week 10 Manipulate Views. MIDS W209 Information Visualization Slides</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="author" content="John Alexis Guerra Gómez">
<meta name="description" content="Week 10 Manipulate Views. MIDS W209 Information Visualization Slides">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fjalla+One|Raleway|PT+Sans+Narrow">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/yjc0afr.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugin/highlight/monokai.css" id="highlight-theme">
<link href="../css/reveal.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../css/theme/white.css" rel="stylesheet" id="theme">
<link href="../css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
#d3ShowReel svg {
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica;
font-size: 12pt;
}
#d3ShowReel .line {
fill: none;
stroke: #000;
stroke-width: 2px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1 class="title">Manipulate Views<br><small>MIDS W209: Information Visualization</small></h1>
<div class="r-stretch"></div>
<div class="tiny"><a href="https://johnguerra.co/" target="_blank"><strong> John Alexis Guerra Gómez</strong></a><span> | john.guerra[at]gmail.com</span><a href="https://twitter.com/duto_guerra"> | @duto_guerra</a><br><a href="https://andyreagan.com/" target="_blank"><strong> Andy Reagan</strong></a><span> | andy[at]andyreagan.com |</span><a href="https://twitter.com/andyreagan">@andyreagan</a><br><a href="https://johnguerra.co/lectures/MIDS_W209_Information_Visualization/10_Manipulate_Views/" target="_blank">https://johnguerra.co/lectures/MIDS_W209_Information_Visualization/10_Manipulate_Views/</a></div>
<div class="logo"><a href="https://datascience.berkeley.edu/"><img class="logo" data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></a></div>
<div class="tiny">Partially based on<a href="https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html#minicourse14"> slides from Tamara Munzner</a></div>
</section>
<section id="outline">
<section>
<h2>What We Are Going to Learn</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Manipulate views
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Change encodings/parameters</li>
<li class="fragment">Animations</li>
<li class="fragment">Interactions</li>
<li class="fragment">Navigate</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Case studies</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="manipulateViews">
<section>
<h1>Manipulate Views</h1>
</section>
<section data-background-size="contain" data-background="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/11_manipulate-genea.003.png"></section>
<section data-background-size="contain" data-background="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/11_manipulate-genea.004.png"></section>
<section>
<h3>How to Handle Complexity</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third">
<div class="small" style="text-align:left">Three strategies</div>
<ul class="tiny">
<li class="fragment">Change view over time</li>
<li class="fragment">Facet across multiple views</li>
<li class="fragment">Reduce items/attributes within single view</li>
</ul>
<div class="fragment small" style="text-align:left">And one previous
<ul class="tiny">
<li>Derive new data to show within view<img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-derive.png" alt="derive"></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="twothirds"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/10_manipulate-views-3-strategies.png" alt="manipulate: change, select, navigate; facet: juxtapose, parition, superimpose; reduce: filter, aggregate, embed"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Strategies</h2>
<ul style="font-size:100%">
<li>Change view over time <strong class="fragment">👈 most obvious one: interaction</strong></li>
<li>Facet</li>
<li>Reduce</li>
<li>Derive</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Manipulate</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third"><img class="fragment" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-change.png" alt="change over time; select"></div>
<div class="third"><img class="fragment" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-navigate.png" alt="Navigate: item reduction: zoom; pan/translate; constrained"></div>
<div class="third"><img class="fragment" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-attribute-reduction.png" alt="attribute reduction: slice; cut; project"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Change Over Time</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Change any of the other choices
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Encoding itself</li>
<li class="fragment">Parameters</li>
<li class="fragment">Arrange: rearrange reorder</li>
<li class="fragment">Aggregation level, what is filtered...</li><br>
<li class="fragment">Interaction entails change</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="changeEncoding">
<section>
<h1>Change Encoding/Parameters</h1>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h3 class="demo">Change Encoding</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half"><img class="fragment" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-reencode-tableau-1.png" alt="screenshot of re-encoding from from Tableau"><img class="fragment" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-reencode-tableau-2.png" alt="screenshot of re-encoding from from Tableau"></div>
<div class="half"><img class="fragment" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-reencode-tableau-3.png" alt="screenshot of re-encoding from from Tableau"><img class="fragment" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-reencode-tableau-4.png" alt="screenshot of re-encoding from from Tableau"></div>
</div><a class="bottom reference" href="http://tableausoftware.com">Made using Tableau</a>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Change Encoding: Vega-Lite</h3><img data-src="../shared_images/vega-lite_demo.gif" alt="Vega Lite Change Encoding">
<div class="small fragment">Not so easy in D3 🤷🏼♂️</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Change Parameters</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Widgets and controls:
<ul>
<li>Sliders, buttons, radio buttons, checkboxes, dropdowns/comboboxes</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Pros:
<ul>
<li>Clear affordances, self-documenting (with labels)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Cons:
<ul>
<li>Uses screen space</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Design choices:
<ul>
<li>Separated vs. interleaved
<ul>
<li>Controls and canvas</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="reference">Slide inspired by: Alexander Lex, Utah</div>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/grow_of_a_nation.png" alt="Growth of a Nation">
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="http://laurenwood.github.io/">[Growth of a Nation](http://laurenwood.github.io/)</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Case Study: Changing Encoding and Parameters</h1>
<h3>Hedonometer.org</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Line Chart Changes</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Change time parameter using brush</li>
<li class="fragment">Change time parameter using menu</li>
<li class="fragment">Change encoding of day-of-week using menu</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Word Shift Graph Changes</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Change time parameter with menu and date picker</li>
<li class="fragment">Change language parameter with translation toggle</li>
<li class="fragment">Change position encoding with bar selector</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Demo</h3>
</section>
<section data-background-iframe="http://hedonometer.org/timeseries/en_all/?from=2015-07-16&to=2017-01-12&date=2016-11-09"></section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="animations">
<section>
<h1>Animations</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Reorder: DataStripes</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">What: table with many attributes</li>
<li class="fragment">How: data-driven reordering by selecting column</li>
<li class="fragment">Why: find correlations between attributes</li>
</ul>
<figure><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-reorder.png" alt="multiple depictions of how complex data can be ordered, by color, date, and other dimensions">
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="http://carlmanaster.github.io/datastripes/">http://carlmanaster.github.io/datastripes/</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Re-Align: LineUp</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Stacked bars</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Easy to compare</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">First segment</li>
<li class="fragment">Total bar</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Align to different segment
<li class="fragment">Supports flexible comparison</li>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-change-alignment-1.png" alt="Content aligned along the left margin"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-change-alignment-2.png" alt="Content aligned along the center margin">
<figcaption class="reference">[LineUp: Visual Analysis of Multi-Attribute Rankings.Gratzl, Lex, Gehlenborg, Pfister, and Streit. IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. InfoVis 2013) 19:12 (2013), 2277–2286.]</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3 class="demo">LineUp</h3><span>
<video width="100%" height="100%" controls>
<source data-src="http://vcg.seas.harvard.edu/files/pfister/files/2013_infovis_lineup.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video></span><a class="tiny" target="_blank" href="http://vcg.seas.harvard.edu/files/pfister/files/2013_infovis_lineup.mp4">http://vcg.seas.harvard.edu/files/pfister/files/2013_infovis_lineup.mp4</a>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h3>"LineUP" d 3</h3>
<div style="font-size:12pt;">
<div id="observablehq-30df3492">
<div class="observablehq-viewof-coeficients"></div>
<div style="overflow: scroll;" class="observablehq-chart"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;"><a style="display: block; float:right;" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/lineup"><object type="image/svg+xml" style="pointer-events: none;" width=180 height=22 data="https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3fab254a006f1a3a1f9f63aba8ab1460db4752529036b9962950bde0ec195bab823daa6b278b1c3401e545b3bd640ddfdcad805cf9859af218cb2b9fed4ddf0"></object></a></div>
</div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@john-guerra/lineup.js?v=3";
(new Runtime).module(define, name => {
if (name === "viewof coeficients") return Inspector.into("#observablehq-30df3492 .observablehq-viewof-coeficients")();
if (name === "chart") return Inspector.into("#observablehq-30df3492 .observablehq-chart")();
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</div><a class="reference" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/lineup">https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/lineup</a>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Idiom: Animated Transitions</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="noMarginTopBottom">
<li class="fragment">Smooth interpolation from one state to another</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Alternative to jump cuts, supports item tracking</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Best case for animation</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Staging to reduce cognitive load</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Example: animated transitions in statistical data graphics</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figurenoMarginTopBottom><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-animated-transitions.png" alt="animated transition"><a class="reference" href="https://vimeo.com/19278444">vimeo.com/19278444</a>
<figcaption class="referece"><a href="vis.stanford.edu/papers/animated-transitions">[Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics. Heer and Robertson. IEEE TVCG (Proc InfoVis 2007) 13(6):1240-1247, 2007]</a></figcaption>
</figurenoMarginTopBottom>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2>D3 Show Reel</h2>
<div id="d3ShowReel">
<div id="observablehq-15c27bb5"></div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/d/90fc58032421b463.js?v=3";
const inspect = Inspector.into("#observablehq-15c27bb5");
(new Runtime).module(define, name => name === "chart" ? inspect() : undefined);
</script>
</div>
</section>
<section data-background-iframe="https://bost.ocks.org/mike/miserables/"></section>
<section><a href="https://bost.ocks.org/mike/miserables/">https://bost.ocks.org/mike/miserables/</a></section>
<section>
<h3>Animating the Show Reel: Flubber</h3><img data-src="../shared_images/flubber.gif" alt="Flubber">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Collapsible Tree</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<div>Tree drilldown/rollup</div>
</div>
<div class="half">
<div>
<div id="observablehq-9bbd237e">
<div class="observablehq-chart"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;"><a style="display: block; float:right;" href="https://observablehq.com/@d3/collapsible-tree"><object type="image/svg+xml" style="pointer-events: none;" width=180 height=22 data="https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3fab254a006f1a3a1f9f63aba8ab1460db4752529036b9962950bde0ec195bab823daa6b278b1c3401e545b3bd640ddfdcad805cf9859af218cb2b9fed4ddf0"></object></a></div>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Zoomable Bar Chart</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Tree drilldown/rollup</li>
<li class="fragment">Value comparison</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<div style="overflow-y: scroll; height:600px">
<div id="observablehq-7e7602c1">
<div class="observablehq-chart"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;"><a style="display: block; float:right;" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/hierarchical-bar-chart/2"><object type="image/svg+xml" style="pointer-events: none;" width=180 height=22 data="https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3fab254a006f1a3a1f9f63aba8ab1460db4752529036b9962950bde0ec195bab823daa6b278b1c3401e545b3bd640ddfdcad805cf9859af218cb2b9fed4ddf0"></object></a></div>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Zoomable Icicle</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Tree drilldown/rollup</li>
<li class="fragment">Value comparison</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<div style="overflow-y: scroll">
<div id="observablehq-caea2849">
<div class="observablehq-chart"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;"><a style="display: block; float:right;" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/zoomable-variable-size-icicle"><object type="image/svg+xml" style="pointer-events: none;" width=180 height=22 data="https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3fab254a006f1a3a1f9f63aba8ab1460db4752529036b9962950bde0ec195bab823daa6b278b1c3401e545b3bd640ddfdcad805cf9859af218cb2b9fed4ddf0"></object></a></div>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="interactions">
<section>
<h1>Interactions</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Selection</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="twothirds">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Selection: basic operation for most interaction</li>
<li class="fragment">Design choices</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">How many selection types?</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Interaction modalities
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Click/tap (heavyweight) vs. hover (lightweight but not available on most touchscreens)</li>
<li class="fragment">Multiple click types (shift-click, option-click, etc.)</li>
<li class="fragment">Proximity beyond click/hover (touching vs. nearby vs. distant)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Application semantics
<li class="fragment">Adding to selection set vs. replacing selection</li>
<li class="fragment">Can selection be null?</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Example: toggle so nothing selected if click on background</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Primary vs. secondary (example: source/target nodes in network)</li>
<li class="fragment">Group membership (add/delete items, name group, etc.)</li>
</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="third"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-select.png" alt="Select a single plot point"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Types of Selection</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Interval:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Brush 1D</li>
<li class="fragment">Brush 2D</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Individual:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Closest item (hover)</li>
<li class="fragment">Click to select</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Multi:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Shift-click</li>
<li class="fragment">By similarity (e.g., connection, same state)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<div>
<div id="observablehq-59cd5f47">
<div class="observablehq-chart"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;"><a style="display: block; float:right;" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/vega-lite-selection-methods"><object type="image/svg+xml" style="pointer-events: none;" width=180 height=22 data="https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3fab254a006f1a3a1f9f63aba8ab1460db4752529036b9962950bde0ec195bab823daa6b278b1c3401e545b3bd640ddfdcad805cf9859af218cb2b9fed4ddf0"></object></a></div>
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</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2 class="demo">Voronoi Maps</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Tesselate the canvas</li>
<li class="fragment">Quickly find the closest point</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="twothirds">
<div class="div demo">
<div id="observablehq-326d5514">
<div class="observablehq-viewof-maxAirports"></div>
<div class="observablehq-chart" style="max-height:500px; overflow-y:scroll"></div>
<div class="observablehq-style"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;"><a style="display: block; float:right;" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/voronoi-arc-map"><object type="image/svg+xml" style="pointer-events: none;" width=180 height=22 data="https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3fab254a006f1a3a1f9f63aba8ab1460db4752529036b9962950bde0ec195bab823daa6b278b1c3401e545b3bd640ddfdcad805cf9859af218cb2b9fed4ddf0"></object></a></div>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Highlight</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="tiny">
<li class="fragment">Highlight: change visual encoding for selection targets
<ul>
<li>Visual feedback closely tied to but separable from selection (interaction)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Design choices: typical visual channels
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Change item color
<ul>
<li>But hides existing color coding</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Add outline mark</li>
<li class="fragment">Change size (example: increase outline mark linewidth)</li>
<li class="fragment">Change shape (example: from solid to dashed line for link mark)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Unusual channels: motion
<ul>
<li>Motion: usually avoid for single view
<ul>
<li>With multiple views, could justify to draw attention to other views</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure>
<video style="max-width:250px" data-src="../shared_images/segundaVueltaStory.mp4" alt="Colombian Election results storytelling video" autoplay="true" loop="true"></video>
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="https://johnguerra.co/viz/resultadosSegundaVuelta2018/">Colombian election results</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Interaction Technology</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">What do you design for?
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Mouse and keyboard on desktop?
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Large screens, hover, multiple clicks</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Touch interaction on mobile?
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Small screens, no hover, just tap</li>
</ul>
</li><br>
<li class="fragment">Gestures from video/sensors?
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Ergonomic reality vs. movie bombast</li>
</ul>
</li><br>
<li class="fragment">Eye tracking?</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="reference">Slide inspired by: Alexander Lex, Utah</div>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img style="width:250px" src="../shared_images/interaction_technology1.png" Mobile Interactions>
<figcaption class="reference">
<div>Data visualization and the news - Gregor Aisch (37 min)</div><a href="https://vimeo.com/182590214">https://vimeo.com/182590214</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure><img style="width:250px" src="../shared_images/interaction_technology2.png" Tom Cruise>
<figcaption class="reference">
<div>I Hate Tom Cruise - Alex Kauffmann (5 min)</div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXLfT9sFcbc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXLfT9sFcbc</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tooltips</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Popup information for selection
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Hover or click</li>
<li class="fragment">Can provide useful additional detail on demand</li>
<li class="fragment">Beware: does not support overview!
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Always consider if there’s a way to visually encode directly to provide overview.</li>
<li class="fragment">"If you make a rollover or tooltip, assume nobody will see it. If it's important, make it explicit."
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Gregor Aisch, NYTimes</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section data-background-iframe="https://johnguerra.co/viz/USElections2016/"></section>
<section>
<h2>Responsiveness is Required</h2>
<ul class="noMarginTopBottom line-compressed">
<li class="fragment">Visual feedback: three rough categories
<ul>
<li class="fragment">0.1 seconds: perceptual processing
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Subsecond response for mouseover highlighting: ballistic motion</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">1 second: immediate response
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Fast response after mouseclick, button press: Fitts’ Law limits on motor control</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">10 seconds: brief tasks
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Bounded response after dialog box: mental model of heavyweight operation (file load)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Scalability considerations
<ul class="tiny">
<li class="fragment">Highlight selection without complete redraw of view (graphics frontbuffer)</li>
<li class="fragment">Show hourglass for multi-second operations (check for cancel/undo)</li>
<li class="fragment">Show progress bar for long operations (process in background thread)</li>
<li class="fragment">Rendering speed when item count is large (guaranteed frame rate)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="navigate">
<section>
<h1>Navigate</h1>
</section>
<section class="full"><img class="fill" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/how_navigate.png" alt="How Navigate"></section>
<section>
<h3>Navigate: Changing Viewpoint/Visibility</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="normal">
<li class="fragment">Change viewpoint
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Changes which items are visible within view</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Camera metaphor
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Pan/translate/scroll</li>
<li class="fragment">Rotate</li>
<li class="fragment">Zoom</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/how_navigate_zoom_pan_constrained.png" alt="Change viewpoint"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Pan/Translate/Scroll</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="normal">
<li class="fragment">Move up/down</li>
<li class="fragment">Move sideways</li>
<li class="fragment">Go to location</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-navigate-reduction.png" alt="Item reduction"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2>Idiom: Scrollytelling</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="twothirds">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">How: navigate page by scrolling (panning down)</li>
<li class="fragment">Pros:
<ul>
<li class="fragment">People don't click, but they scroll</li>
<li class="fragment">Bottom-up approach</li>
<li class="fragment">Good for mobile</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Cons:
<ul class="tiny">
<li class="fragment">Full-screen mode may lack affordances</li>
<li class="fragment">Scrolljacking, no direct access</li>
<li class="fragment">Unexpected behaviour</li>
<li class="fragment">Continuous control for discrete steps</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment small"><a href="https://eagereyes.org/blog/2016/the-scrollytelling-scourge">Eagereyes take on scrollytelling</a></li>
<li class="fragment small"><a href="https://bost.ocks.org/mike/scroll/">MBostock's guidelines for scrollytelling</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="reference">Slide inspired by: Alexander Lex, Utah</div>
</div>
<div class="third">
<figure>
<video style="max-width:250px" data-src="../shared_images/segundaVueltaStory.mp4" alt="Colombian Election results storytelling video" autoplay="true" loop="true"></video>
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="https://johnguerra.co/viz/resultadosSegundaVuelta2018/">Colombian election results</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Zoom</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="twothirds">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Enlarge/shrink world: move camera closer/further</li>
<li class="fragment"><strong>Geometric zoom</strong>: standard, like moving physical object</li>
<li class="fragment"><strong>Semantic zoom</strong>: keep objects same size, but change the scale/viewport</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="third"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/navigate_zoom.png" alt="Item reduction"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Idiom: Semantic Zooming</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third">
<ul class="tiny">
<li class="fragment">Semantic Zoom</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Alternative to geometric zoom</li>
<li class="fragment">Resolution-aware layout adapts to available space</li>
<li class="fragment">Goal: legible at multiple scales</li>
<li class="fragment">Dramatic or subtle effects</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Visual encoding change
<li class="fragment">Colored box</li>
<li class="fragment">Sparkline</li>
<li class="fragment">Simple line chart</li>
<li class="fragment">Full chart: axes and tickmarks</li>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="twothirds">
<figure><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/pr10_manipulate-views-semantic-zooming.png" alt="Semantic zooming">
<figcaption class="reference">[LiveRAC - Interactive Visual Exploration of System Management Time-Series Data. McLachlan, Munzner, Koutsofios, and North. Proc. ACM Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 1483–1492, 2008.]</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3 class="demo">LiveRAC</h3><span class="blocks"><iframe width="853" height="480" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ld0c3H0VSkw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
</section>
<section>
<h3 class="demo">Geometric Zoom</h3>
<div>
<div id="observablehq-3f273885"></div>
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</div><a class="reference" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/svg-geometric-zoom">https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/svg-geometric-zoom</a>
</section>
<section>
<h3 class="demo">Semantic Zoom</h3>
<div>
<div id="observablehq-57b18532"></div>
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</div><a class="reference" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/svg-semantic-zoom">https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/svg-semantic-zoom</a>
</section>
<section class="fill">
<h2 class="demo">Rotate</h2>
<div class="demo">
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</section>
<section class="fill">
<h2 class="demo">Zoom to Constrained</h2>
<div>
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</section>
<section class="fill">
<h3 class="demo">Transition and Animated Navigation</h3>
<div>
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<section class="fill">
<h3 class="demo">Barchart Race</h3>
<div>
<style>
text {
font-size: 14pt;
}
</style>
<div id="observablehq-9a6c6af1">
<div class="observablehq-viewof-replay"></div>
<div class="observablehq-chart"></div>
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</section>
<section>
<h2>Interaction Benefits</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Interaction Pros
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Major advantage of computer-based vs. paper-based visualization</li>
<li class="fragment">Flexible, powerful, intuitive
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Exploratory data analysis: change as you go during analysis process</li>
<li class="fragment">Fluid task switching: different visual encodings support different tasks</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Animated transitions provide excellent support
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Empirical evidence that animated transitions help people stay oriented</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Interaction Limitations</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Interaction has a time cost.
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Sometimes minor, sometimes significant</li>
<li class="fragment">Degenerates to human-powered search in worst case</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Remembering previous state imposes cognitive load
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Rule of thumb: eyes over memory.
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Hard to compare visible item to memory of what you saw</li>
<li class="fragment">Example: maintaining context/orientation when navigating</li>
<li class="fragment">Example: tracking complex changes during animation</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Controls may take screen real estate.
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Or invisible functionality may be difficult to discover (lack of affordances)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Users may not interact as planned by designer.
<ul>
<li class="fragment">NYTimes logs show about 90% don’t interact beyond scrollytelling - Aisch, 2016</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="manipulateViewCaseStudies">
<section>
<h2>Manipulate View Case Studies</h2>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2 class="demo">Colombian Elections</h2>
<figure>
<video style="max-width:300px" data-src="../shared_images/segundaVueltaStory.mp4" alt="Colombian Election results storytelling video" autoplay="true" loop="true"></video>
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="https://johnguerra.co/viz/resultadosSegundaVuelta2018/">https://johnguerra.co/viz/resultadosSegundaVuelta2018/</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2 class="demo">Twitter Influentials</h2>
<figure><img style="max-width:500px" data-src="../shared_images/semanticSubstrates.gif" alt="Twitter Influentials" autoplay="true" loop="true">
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="https://johnguerra.co/viz/influentials/story/?hashtag=ieeevis2019">https://johnguerra.co/viz/influentials/story/?hashtag=ieeevis2019</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="animationsDemo">
<section>
<h2>Animations on the Web</h2>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="review">
<section>
<h2>What We Learned</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Manipulate views
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Change encodings/parameters</li>
<li class="fragment">Animations</li>
<li class="fragment">Interactions</li>
<li class="fragment">Navigate</li>
<li class="fragment">Case Studies</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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