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Post-Install Updates: openssh-server and DHCP to Static IP

First provision a server using Ubuntu 14.04 Server. During install, choose network access via DHCP and input your server name, domain, username and password.

  • FQDN: svr1.example.com (Name=svr1, Domain=example.com)
  • IP: 192.168.1.2 (During setup use DHCP; we'll set the static ip later)
  • USER: myname
  • PASS: mypassword

After the system reboots, you will login for the first time. Run the following commands now and then in the future to bring the system up-to-date with currently installed packages.

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

Run these for a distribution upgrade (eg 14.04 to 14.04 r2), which installs new packages (eg kernels) with dependencies and can auto-remove unused packages. This is not a system update (eg moving from Ubuntu Server 14.04 to 14.10).

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Note: For systems requiring strict adherence to a package update process, use a test system to upgrade and/or dist-upgrade servers and which automatically run tests against programs before updating production servers.

For system updates, run:

$ sudo do-release-upgrade

Note: This server is Ubuntu Server 14.04, which is a long-term release with support ending in April 2019. In a production environment, since this is a LTR, I would not run a version release upgrade unless it was tested first.

Install the ssh server.

$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server

You might be prompted to autoremove packages or update grub.

$ sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo update-grub

Install a command-line editor. All examples here will use vim but if you are not familiar with command-line editors, use nano. Nano will have its commands listed as a menu at the bottom of the window. To use nano, simply swap out vim for nano in the examples below. In nano, press ctrl-X to exit and when nano asks if you want to save, answer yes.

$ sudo apt-get install vim
$ sudo apt-get install nano

Check out the IP address.

$ ifconfig

To setup a static IP, open the following file with your favorite command-line editor. Use sudo for these commands because root access is needed to change ip configurations.

$ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

Delete or use # to comment out the two lines for dhcp and add the following for static ip. The full file looks like this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

#auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
   address 192.168.1.2
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   network 192.168.1.0
   gateway 192.168.1.1
   dns-nameservers 192.168.1.10

Restart the server. We are restarting the server rather than restarting network services because if you are running these commands via ssh, the results are guaranteed to cleanly exit the remote ssh session.

$ sudo shutdown -r now

Log back into the server. Check out the IP address to make certain it is correct.

$ ifconfig

Make certain the network DNS server has an entry for svr1.example.com.

Optional: change the sudo timeout

If you want to avoid having to enter the sudo password every 2 minutes, then follow these directions. After setup, remember to delete this for a production environment.

$ sudo visudo

Find the line with Default env_reset and change to something else. The time is in minutes. "-1" says never use a password prompt. 43200 is 30 days worth of minutes.

Defaults    env_reset,timestamp_timeout=43200