BaseConversion.cs

using System;
using System.Text;

namespace Advanced.Algorithms.Binary;

/// <summary>
///     Base conversion implementation.
/// </summary>
public class BaseConversion
{
    /// <summary>
    ///     Converts base of given number to the target base.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="srcNumber">Input number in source base system.</param>
    /// <param name="srcBaseChars">Source base system characters in increasing order. For example 0123456789 for base 10.</param>
    /// <param name="dstBaseChars">Destination base system characters in increasing order. For example 01 for base 2.</param>
    /// <param name="precision">Required precision when dealing with fractions. Defaults to 32 places.</param>
    /// <returns>The result in target base as a string.</returns>
    public static string Convert(string srcNumber,
        string srcBaseChars,
        string dstBaseChars, int precision = 32)
    {
        srcNumber = srcNumber.Trim();
        if (srcNumber.Contains("."))
        {
            var tmp = srcNumber.Split('.');
            var whole = tmp[0].TrimEnd();
            var fraction = tmp[1].TrimStart();

            return ConvertWhole(whole, srcBaseChars, dstBaseChars) +
                   "." + ConvertFraction(fraction, srcBaseChars, dstBaseChars, precision);
        }

        return ConvertWhole(srcNumber, srcBaseChars, dstBaseChars);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Converts the whole part of source number.
    /// </summary>
    private static string ConvertWhole(string srcNumber,
        string srcBaseChars,
        string dstBaseChars)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(srcNumber)) return string.Empty;

        var srcBase = srcBaseChars.Length;
        var dstBase = dstBaseChars.Length;

        if (srcBase <= 1) throw new Exception("Invalid source base length.");

        if (dstBase <= 1) throw new Exception("Invalid destination base length.");

        long base10Result = 0;
        var j = 0;
        //convert to base 10
        //move from least to most significant numbers
        for (var i = srcNumber.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            //eg. 1 * 2^0 
            base10Result += srcBaseChars.IndexOf(srcNumber[i])
                            * (long)Math.Pow(srcBase, j);
            j++;
        }

        var result = new StringBuilder();
        //now convert to target base
        while (base10Result != 0)
        {
            var rem = (int)base10Result % dstBase;
            result.Insert(0, dstBaseChars[rem]);
            base10Result = base10Result / dstBase;
        }

        return result.ToString();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Converts the fractional part of source number.
    /// </summary>
    private static string ConvertFraction(string srcNumber,
        string srcBaseChars,
        string dstBaseChars, int maxPrecision)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(srcNumber)) return string.Empty;

        var srcBase = srcBaseChars.Length;
        var dstBase = dstBaseChars.Length;

        if (srcBase <= 1) throw new Exception("Invalid source base length.");

        if (dstBase <= 1) throw new Exception("Invalid destination base length.");

        decimal base10Result = 0;
        //convert to base 10
        //move from most significant numbers to least
        for (var i = 0; i < srcNumber.Length; i++)
            //eg. 1 * 1/(2^1) 
            base10Result += srcBaseChars.IndexOf(srcNumber[i])
                            * (decimal)(1 / Math.Pow(srcBase, i + 1));

        var result = new StringBuilder();
        //now convert to target base
        while (base10Result != 0 && maxPrecision > 0)
        {
            base10Result = base10Result * dstBase;
            result.Append(dstBaseChars[(int)Math.Floor(base10Result)]);
            base10Result -= Math.Floor(base10Result);
            maxPrecision--;
        }

        return result.ToString();
    }
}