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Kubernetes 中提供了良好的多租户认证管理机制，如 RBAC、ServiceAccount 还有各种策略等。

ServerAccount

ServiceAccount 为 Pod 中的进程提供身份信息。

当您（真人用户）访问集群（例如使用kubectl命令）时，apiserver 会将您认证为一个特定的 User Account（目前通常是admin，除非您的系统管理员自定义了集群配置）。Pod 容器中的进程也可以与 apiserver 联系。 当它们在联系 apiserver 的时候，它们会被认证为一个特定的 Service Account（例如default）。

使用默认的 Service Account 访问 API server

当您创建 pod 的时候，如果您没有指定一个 service account，系统会自动得在与该pod 相同的 namespace 下为其指派一个default service account。如果您获取刚创建的 pod 的原始 json 或 yaml 信息（例如使用kubectl get pods/podename -o yaml命令），您将看到spec.serviceAccountName字段已经被设置为 default。

您可以在 pod 中使用自动挂载的 service account 凭证来访问 API，如 Accessing the Cluster 中所描述。

Service account 是否能够取得访问 API 的许可取决于您使用的 授权插件和策略。

在 1.6 以上版本中，您可以选择取消为 service account 自动挂载 API 凭证，只需在 service account 中设置 automountServiceAccountToken: false：

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: build-robot
automountServiceAccountToken: false
...

在 1.6 以上版本中，您也可以选择只取消单个 pod 的 API 凭证自动挂载：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-pod
spec:
  serviceAccountName: build-robot
  automountServiceAccountToken: false
  ...

如果在 pod 和 service account 中同时设置了 automountServiceAccountToken , pod 设置中的优先级更高。

使用多个Service Account

每个 namespace 中都有一个默认的叫做 default 的 service account 资源。

您可以使用以下命令列出 namespace 下的所有 serviceAccount 资源。

$ kubectl get serviceAccounts
NAME      SECRETS    AGE
default   1          1d

您可以像这样创建一个 ServiceAccount 对象：

$ cat > /tmp/serviceaccount.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: build-robot
EOF
$ kubectl create -f /tmp/serviceaccount.yaml
serviceaccount "build-robot" created

如果您看到如下的 service account 对象的完整输出信息：

$ kubectl get serviceaccounts/build-robot -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2015-06-16T00:12:59Z
  name: build-robot
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "272500"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/serviceaccounts/build-robot
  uid: 721ab723-13bc-11e5-aec2-42010af0021e
secrets:
- name: build-robot-token-bvbk5

然后您将看到有一个 token 已经被自动创建，并被 service account 引用。

您可以使用授权插件来 设置 service account 的权限 。

设置非默认的 service account，只需要在 pod 的spec.serviceAccountName 字段中将name设置为您想要用的 service account 名字即可。

在 pod 创建之初 service account 就必须已经存在，否则创建将被拒绝。

您不能更新已创建的 pod 的 service account。

您可以清理 service account，如下所示：

$ kubectl delete serviceaccount/build-robot

手动创建 service account 的 API token

假设我们已经有了一个如上文提到的名为 ”build-robot“ 的 service account，我们手动创建一个新的 secret。

$ cat > /tmp/build-robot-secret.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: build-robot-secret
  annotations: 
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: build-robot
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
EOF
$ kubectl create -f /tmp/build-robot-secret.yaml
secret "build-robot-secret" created

现在您可以确认下新创建的 secret 取代了 “build-robot” 这个 service account 原来的 API token。

所有已不存在的 service account 的 token 将被 token controller 清理掉。

$ kubectl describe secrets/build-robot-secret 
Name:   build-robot-secret
Namespace:  default
Labels:   <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name=build-robot,kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=870ef2a5-35cf-11e5-8d06-005056b45392

Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt: 1220 bytes
token: ...
namespace: 7 bytes

注意：该内容中的token被省略了。

为 service account 添加 ImagePullSecret

首先，创建一个 imagePullSecret，详见这里。

然后，确认已创建。如：

$ kubectl get secrets myregistrykey
NAME             TYPE                              DATA    AGE
myregistrykey    kubernetes.io/.dockerconfigjson   1       1d

然后，修改 namespace 中的默认 service account 使用该 secret 作为 imagePullSecret。

kubectl patch serviceaccount default -p '{"imagePullSecrets": [{"name": "myregistrykey"}]}'

Vi 交互过程中需要手动编辑：

$ kubectl get serviceaccounts default -o yaml > ./sa.yaml
$ cat sa.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2015-08-07T22:02:39Z
  name: default
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "243024"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/serviceaccounts/default
  uid: 052fb0f4-3d50-11e5-b066-42010af0d7b6
secrets:
- name: default-token-uudge
$ vi sa.yaml
[editor session not shown]
[delete line with key "resourceVersion"]
[add lines with "imagePullSecret:"]
$ cat sa.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2015-08-07T22:02:39Z
  name: default
  namespace: default
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/serviceaccounts/default
  uid: 052fb0f4-3d50-11e5-b066-42010af0d7b6
secrets:
- name: default-token-uudge
imagePullSecrets:
- name: myregistrykey
$ kubectl replace serviceaccount default -f ./sa.yaml
serviceaccounts/default

现在，所有当前 namespace 中新创建的 pod 的 spec 中都会增加如下内容：

spec:
  imagePullSecrets:
  - name: myregistrykey

RBAC

在 Kubernetes 中，RBAC 是一种强大的访问控制机制，用于管理对集群资源的访问权限。RBAC 可以帮助管理员精确地控制用户、ServiceAccount 或其他实体对 Kubernetes API 中资源的操作权限。RBAC 基于角色的授权模型使得管理员可以定义角色和角色绑定，从而实现对不同用户或实体的访问权限控制。

RBAC 由四个基本概念组成：

  • 角色（Role）：角色定义了一组操作权限，例如对某个命名空间下资源的读取、创建或删除等操作。
  • 角色绑定（RoleBinding）：角色绑定将特定的角色授予 User、Group 或者 ServiceAccount，从而赋予它们相应的权限。
  • 集群角色（ClusterRole）：类似于角色，但作用范围更广，可以授权对整个集群中资源的操作权限。
  • 集群角色绑定（ClusterRoleBinding）：将集群角色绑定给 User、Group 或者 ServiceAccount，授予它们在整个集群范围内的权限。

通过 RBAC，管理员可以根据需求精确控制不同用户或实体在集群中的权限范围，避免了不必要的权限泄露或误操作，提高了集群的安全性和管理灵活性。

创建 ServiceAccount、Role、RoleBinding 和 Secret

ServiceAccount:

vim serviceAccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: user1-account
  namespace: kino

Role:

vim role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: user1-role
  namespace: kino
rules:
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
  resources: ["deployments"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]

RoleBinding:

vim roleBinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: user1-access-default-namespace
  namespace: kino
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: user1-account
  namespace: kino
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: user1-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Secret: 在 K8s 1.24 版本之后，ServiceAccount 对应的 Secret 就不会自动创建了

vim secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: user1-account-secret
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "user1-account"
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

查看 secret

kubectl get secret -n kino user1-account-token-hl2k2 -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  ca.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSUM1ekNDQWMrZ0F3SUJBZ0lCQURBTkJna3Foa2lHOXcwQkFRc0ZBREFWTVJNd0VRWURWUVFERXdwcmRXSmwKY201bGRHVnpNQjRYRFRJek1USXdOVEUxTXpZek0xb1hEVE16TVRJd01qRTFNell6TTFvd0ZURVRNQkVHQTFVRQpBeE1LYTNWaVpYSnVaWFJsY3pDQ0FTSXdEUVlKS29aSWh2Y05BUUVCQlFBRGdnRVBBRENDQVFvQ2dnRUJBTFM2Cm5Yd1RRa20wRlpNdjcwMUd4d1M0dit0bzZBczZ1cEg1NEt1OEdiNVB1L3pMMndIOEJjSVZhd1oyeUU5Um54dnUKYkF3R2lHZk11a1FXaEhqRWtyNHY5SGZBODlkY00xSFh6NmFKNU9UaUZpY24yRmlUMWI5TnhvczB6U2t5VWpNVQpIYUZwK1FNSzdSM1NiUjNnMEVveXh6MUtoWFY2Z054UkZlYkZFRnVwUGR6eHgvUWdSRUhocjlyazhIVUFOL2tKCk1xTWFuTnB4bS9mYmZWT3VvNU9heEpjZ1RvK2R6U3N2WTViOVYraVVsSVRZblBad2xsK2pYQ0xFS1FLYmlNS1YKWTB6ZitVVzRVK1hNcUMrL2RuT3ozaDcrRnd1UXdGckZkY2VidFhmNkk0NlhvWHZSUXJRd1pTOEp0MjVOYUdFYgpYeW9jUFFRckxFVTJCN1FhZ29zQ0F3RUFBYU5DTUVBd0RnWURWUjBQQVFIL0JBUURBZ0trTUE4R0ExVWRFd0VCCi93UUZNQU1CQWY4d0hRWURWUjBPQkJZRUZPSHlVejVMNHd0SGt3NjZvK1JzYUIzR0p4Z0ZNQTBHQ1NxR1NJYjMKRFFFQkN3VUFBNElCQVFDb0JuM0ZyRTVFMmZCWm1XK0YzemtQUFhMcjVJVEljQzRhOUpiOXVWb296Vjdkd1ZwdwovNUZTWXQ2ckJNSHkxQzF0Vm9wMzMxRGRYaFJ3NDR3NXN2MnpGSDZVNGVNeC9qeENGL25UNUsvWlN4UDdoN2lvCmNOV2Njc0FwNng4Wi9mRHpFK214MEdzZ08vYzB2NzNqcTlCbk5ySkwvNy9YeVRWbVpMN0pMbERyeFh1cDZEK3IKN1RmSUdIejVuUHUyQjJ5UXNxYW51RTJ2OHFidG5TN3lJcWF3bWlTMFNZOVU1OW9hN3NmWVBSVHgxM2tMWkM2dApBOWU4dlFwWk1ad09WYU5PTGpmSjN2Um9lb01POWhKK1EzUzRQZkdZKzBGcSs3TjMxZEl6WVZVdWpIUG5qV1RVCjY3WUVJTlN1S05HdGNUZ2ozMTFoWTNoMUo4cDhweXRLSmlIdwotLS0tLUVORCBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCg==
  namespace: a2lubw==
  token: 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
kind: Secret
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: user1-account
    kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 07e42b20-9e35-47a3-b789-3b75b6c28f67
  creationTimestamp: "2023-12-29T15:55:26Z"
  name: user1-account-token-nhmx2
  namespace: kino
  resourceVersion: "4417076"
  uid: 53d8e5be-b345-48e0-8e60-7259b2ea1055
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

ca.crt 和 token 信息被填进去了。这两段配置在后面要用到。

配置 kubeconfig 文件

user1 的权限配置已经 OK 了，下一步就是将 token 搞到 kubeconfig 里。

kubeconfig 文件介绍

kubeconfig 是 Kubernetes 的一个配置文件，它包含了访问 Kubernetes 集群所需的所有信息。这些信息包括集群的地址、用户证书、用户名和命名空间等。kubeconfig 文件使得用户和 CI/CD 工具可以方便地与 Kubernetes 集群进行交互。

kubeconfig 文件通常位于用户的主目录下的 .kube 目录中，文件名为 config。然而，用户也可以通过设置 KUBECONFIG 环境变量来指定其他位置的 kubeconfig 文件。

kubeconfig 文件主要由以下三部分组成：

  • 集群（clusters）：定义了要连接的 Kubernetes 集群的信息，包括集群的名称、服务器的地址和 CA 证书。
  • 用户（users）：定义了用户的认证信息，包括用户的名称、客户端证书和密钥。
  • 上下文（contexts）：定义了用户和集群之间的关系。一个上下文包含了一个用户和一个集群，以及用户在该集群中的默认命名空间。

通过在 kubeconfig 文件中定义不同的上下文，用户可以轻松地在不同的 Kubernetes 集群和命名空间之间切换。

具体的 kubeconfig 配置

前面创建的 Secret 里有一个 token，将其复制出来备用。（这里要注意，别拿 base64 转码后的结果。kubectl get -o yaml 拿到的是 base64 编码的；kubectl describe 拿到的是原始的，你可以直接拿原始的，也可以拿编码后的自己 echo "xxx" | base64 -d 解码一下。

此外 Secret 里有一个 ca.crt，这个 ca 的内容是集群维度统一的，你在其他地方复制也行，不过这里有，顺手拿一个也不打紧。这里需要是 base64 编码后的内容，注意这个细节。

然后准备这样一个 kubeconfig 文件：

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://192.168.1.122:6443
  name: kubernetes
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://192.168.1.122:6444
  name: kubernetes-new
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://192.168.1.122:6444
  name: user1
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubernetes-admin
  name: k8s1
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes-new
    user: kubernetes-admin-new
  name: k8s2
- context:
    cluster: user1
    user: user1-account
    namespace: kino
  name: user1
current-context: k8s2
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
  user:
    client-certificate-data: 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
    client-key-data: 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
- name: kubernetes-admin-new
  user:
    client-certificate-data: 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
    client-key-data: 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
- name: user1-account
  user: 
    token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlF1S0dJUmg1b2g3UDBYUV9tTHp2X244RmpXY2diVUFNUk5DYS13Y1lzbHcifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJraW5vIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6InVzZXIxLWFjY291bnQtdG9rZW4tbmhteDIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoidXNlcjEtYWNjb3VudCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6IjA3ZTQyYjIwLTllMzUtNDdhMy1iNzg5LTNiNzViNmMyOGY2NyIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDpraW5vOnVzZXIxLWFjY291bnQifQ.Skcg7izgDakNwgE0AG-73dVfKJOCKT4muRQexApHaQUlB7GrFIR4MO9ljf47Pw3cuOHRfbQfP00hbPRk0f56CclJxqjulPHmubpXgjt26HsM4WNzS884DmH9ap4YkjdkITn8lPX3MRnwO52kjoDVT7yKe9hvEMdU-d8GzyngOTLzSBoOcxFZ4NLpsCqsCYRvhmiy9askXhTuFmweDdYpujAHir6N_nS5FFV2ViD6MllkkilQEvd_qol_FhZxhQxZwaYy1eNNLYnxXJGH9NfHZ2KY8NqVWb5cPKMEdA0qDziLVCfNNub-I9j99wNqQ0i3ev8tSRUozK_uUi3XsvdauA

切换context

kubectl config --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config use-context user1

查看新context

kubectl get pod -n kino
Error from server (Forbidden): pods is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:kino:user1-account" cannot list resource "pods" in API group "" in the namespace "kino"

kubectl get deploy -n kino
No resources found in kino namespace.