server.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include "rpc/server.h"

#include "base58.h"
#include "init.h"
#include "random.h"
#include "sync.h"
#include "ui_interface.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "utilstrencodings.h"

#include <univalue.h>

#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <boost/iostreams/concepts.hpp>
#include <boost/iostreams/stream.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/signals2/signal.hpp>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/case_conv.hpp> // for to_upper()

#include <memory> // for unique_ptr
#include <unordered_map>

using namespace RPCServer;
using namespace std;

static bool fRPCRunning = false;
static bool fRPCInWarmup = true;
static std::string rpcWarmupStatus("RPC server started");
static CCriticalSection cs_rpcWarmup;
/* Timer-creating functions */
static RPCTimerInterface* timerInterface = NULL;
/* Map of name to timer. */
static std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<RPCTimerBase> > deadlineTimers;

static struct CRPCSignals
{
    boost::signals2::signal<void ()> Started;
    boost::signals2::signal<void ()> Stopped;
    boost::signals2::signal<void (const CRPCCommand&)> PreCommand;
    boost::signals2::signal<void (const CRPCCommand&)> PostCommand;
} g_rpcSignals;

void RPCServer::OnStarted(boost::function<void ()> slot)
{
    g_rpcSignals.Started.connect(slot);
}

void RPCServer::OnStopped(boost::function<void ()> slot)
{
    g_rpcSignals.Stopped.connect(slot);
}

void RPCServer::OnPreCommand(boost::function<void (const CRPCCommand&)> slot)
{
    g_rpcSignals.PreCommand.connect(boost::bind(slot, _1));
}

void RPCServer::OnPostCommand(boost::function<void (const CRPCCommand&)> slot)
{
    g_rpcSignals.PostCommand.connect(boost::bind(slot, _1));
}

void RPCTypeCheck(const UniValue& params,
                  const list<UniValue::VType>& typesExpected,
                  bool fAllowNull)
{
    unsigned int i = 0;
    BOOST_FOREACH(UniValue::VType t, typesExpected)
    {
        if (params.size() <= i)
            break;

        const UniValue& v = params[i];
        if (!((v.type() == t) || (fAllowNull && (v.isNull()))))
        {
            string err = strprintf("Expected type %s, got %s",
                                   uvTypeName(t), uvTypeName(v.type()));
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, err);
        }
        i++;
    }
}

void RPCTypeCheckObj(const UniValue& o,
    const map<string, UniValueType>& typesExpected,
    bool fAllowNull,
    bool fStrict)
{
    for (const auto& t : typesExpected) {
        const UniValue& v = find_value(o, t.first);
        if (!fAllowNull && v.isNull())
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, strprintf("Missing %s", t.first));

        if (!(t.second.typeAny || v.type() == t.second.type || (fAllowNull && v.isNull()))) {
            string err = strprintf("Expected type %s for %s, got %s",
                uvTypeName(t.second.type), t.first, uvTypeName(v.type()));
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, err);
        }
    }

    if (fStrict)
    {
        BOOST_FOREACH(const string& k, o.getKeys())
        {
            if (typesExpected.count(k) == 0)
            {
                string err = strprintf("Unexpected key %s", k);
                throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, err);
            }
        }
    }
}

CAmount AmountFromValue(const UniValue& value)
{
    if (!value.isNum() && !value.isStr())
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, "Amount is not a number or string");
    CAmount amount;
    if (!ParseFixedPoint(value.getValStr(), 8, &amount))
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, "Invalid amount");
    if (!MoneyRange(amount))
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, "Amount out of range");
    return amount;
}

UniValue ValueFromAmount(const CAmount& amount)
{
    bool sign = amount < 0;
    int64_t n_abs = (sign ? -amount : amount);
    int64_t quotient = n_abs / COIN;
    int64_t remainder = n_abs % COIN;
    return UniValue(UniValue::VNUM,
            strprintf("%s%d.%08d", sign ? "-" : "", quotient, remainder));
}

uint256 ParseHashV(const UniValue& v, string strName)
{
    string strHex;
    if (v.isStr())
        strHex = v.get_str();
    if (!IsHex(strHex)) // Note: IsHex("") is false
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strName+" must be hexadecimal string (not '"+strHex+"')");
    if (64 != strHex.length())
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strprintf("%s must be of length %d (not %d)", strName, 64, strHex.length()));
    uint256 result;
    result.SetHex(strHex);
    return result;
}
uint256 ParseHashO(const UniValue& o, string strKey)
{
    return ParseHashV(find_value(o, strKey), strKey);
}
vector<unsigned char> ParseHexV(const UniValue& v, string strName)
{
    string strHex;
    if (v.isStr())
        strHex = v.get_str();
    if (!IsHex(strHex))
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strName+" must be hexadecimal string (not '"+strHex+"')");
    return ParseHex(strHex);
}
vector<unsigned char> ParseHexO(const UniValue& o, string strKey)
{
    return ParseHexV(find_value(o, strKey), strKey);
}

/**
 * Note: This interface may still be subject to change.
 */

std::string CRPCTable::help(const std::string& strCommand) const
{
    string strRet;
    string category;
    set<rpcfn_type> setDone;
    vector<pair<string, const CRPCCommand*> > vCommands;

    for (map<string, const CRPCCommand*>::const_iterator mi = mapCommands.begin(); mi != mapCommands.end(); ++mi)
        vCommands.push_back(make_pair(mi->second->category + mi->first, mi->second));
    sort(vCommands.begin(), vCommands.end());

    BOOST_FOREACH(const PAIRTYPE(string, const CRPCCommand*)& command, vCommands)
    {
        const CRPCCommand *pcmd = command.second;
        string strMethod = pcmd->name;
        // We already filter duplicates, but these deprecated screw up the sort order
        if (strMethod.find("label") != string::npos)
            continue;
        if ((strCommand != "" || pcmd->category == "hidden") && strMethod != strCommand)
            continue;
        try
        {
            JSONRPCRequest jreq;
            jreq.fHelp = true;
            rpcfn_type pfn = pcmd->actor;
            if (setDone.insert(pfn).second)
                (*pfn)(jreq);
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e)
        {
            // Help text is returned in an exception
            string strHelp = string(e.what());
            if (strCommand == "")
            {
                if (strHelp.find('\n') != string::npos)
                    strHelp = strHelp.substr(0, strHelp.find('\n'));

                if (category != pcmd->category)
                {
                    if (!category.empty())
                        strRet += "\n";
                    category = pcmd->category;
                    string firstLetter = category.substr(0,1);
                    boost::to_upper(firstLetter);
                    strRet += "== " + firstLetter + category.substr(1) + " ==\n";
                }
            }
            strRet += strHelp + "\n";
        }
    }
    if (strRet == "")
        strRet = strprintf("help: unknown command: %s\n", strCommand);
    strRet = strRet.substr(0,strRet.size()-1);
    return strRet;
}

UniValue help(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
{
    if (jsonRequest.fHelp || jsonRequest.params.size() > 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "help ( \"command\" )\n"
            "\nList all commands, or get help for a specified command.\n"
            "\nArguments:\n"
            "1. \"command\"     (string, optional) The command to get help on\n"
            "\nResult:\n"
            "\"text\"     (string) The help text\n"
        );

    string strCommand;
    if (jsonRequest.params.size() > 0)
        strCommand = jsonRequest.params[0].get_str();

    return tableRPC.help(strCommand);
}


UniValue stop(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
{
    // Accept the deprecated and ignored 'detach' boolean argument
    if (jsonRequest.fHelp || jsonRequest.params.size() > 1)
        throw runtime_error(
            "stop\n"
            "\nStop Bitcoin server.");
    // Event loop will exit after current HTTP requests have been handled, so
    // this reply will get back to the client.
    StartShutdown();
    return "Bitcoin server stopping";
}

/**
 * Call Table
 */
static const CRPCCommand vRPCCommands[] =
{ //  category              name                      actor (function)         okSafe argNames
  //  --------------------- ------------------------  -----------------------  ------ ----------
    /* Overall control/query calls */
    { "control",            "help",                   &help,                   true,  {"command"}  },
    { "control",            "stop",                   &stop,                   true,  {}  },
};

CRPCTable::CRPCTable()
{
    unsigned int vcidx;
    for (vcidx = 0; vcidx < (sizeof(vRPCCommands) / sizeof(vRPCCommands[0])); vcidx++)
    {
        const CRPCCommand *pcmd;

        pcmd = &vRPCCommands[vcidx];
        mapCommands[pcmd->name] = pcmd;
    }
}

const CRPCCommand *CRPCTable::operator[](const std::string &name) const
{
    map<string, const CRPCCommand*>::const_iterator it = mapCommands.find(name);
    if (it == mapCommands.end())
        return NULL;
    return (*it).second;
}

bool CRPCTable::appendCommand(const std::string& name, const CRPCCommand* pcmd)
{
    if (IsRPCRunning())
        return false;

    // don't allow overwriting for now
    map<string, const CRPCCommand*>::const_iterator it = mapCommands.find(name);
    if (it != mapCommands.end())
        return false;

    mapCommands[name] = pcmd;
    return true;
}

bool StartRPC()
{
    LogPrint("rpc", "Starting RPC\n");
    fRPCRunning = true;
    g_rpcSignals.Started();
    return true;
}

void InterruptRPC()
{
    LogPrint("rpc", "Interrupting RPC\n");
    // Interrupt e.g. running longpolls
    fRPCRunning = false;
}

void StopRPC()
{
    LogPrint("rpc", "Stopping RPC\n");
    deadlineTimers.clear();
    g_rpcSignals.Stopped();
}

bool IsRPCRunning()
{
    return fRPCRunning;
}

void SetRPCWarmupStatus(const std::string& newStatus)
{
    LOCK(cs_rpcWarmup);
    rpcWarmupStatus = newStatus;
}

void SetRPCWarmupFinished()
{
    LOCK(cs_rpcWarmup);
    assert(fRPCInWarmup);
    fRPCInWarmup = false;
}

bool RPCIsInWarmup(std::string *outStatus)
{
    LOCK(cs_rpcWarmup);
    if (outStatus)
        *outStatus = rpcWarmupStatus;
    return fRPCInWarmup;
}

void JSONRPCRequest::parse(const UniValue& valRequest)
{
    // Parse request
    if (!valRequest.isObject())
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_REQUEST, "Invalid Request object");
    const UniValue& request = valRequest.get_obj();

    // Parse id now so errors from here on will have the id
    id = find_value(request, "id");

    // Parse method
    UniValue valMethod = find_value(request, "method");
    if (valMethod.isNull())
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_REQUEST, "Missing method");
    if (!valMethod.isStr())
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_REQUEST, "Method must be a string");
    strMethod = valMethod.get_str();
    if (strMethod != "getblocktemplate")
        LogPrint("rpc", "ThreadRPCServer method=%s\n", SanitizeString(strMethod));

    // Parse params
    UniValue valParams = find_value(request, "params");
    if (valParams.isArray() || valParams.isObject())
        params = valParams;
    else if (valParams.isNull())
        params = UniValue(UniValue::VARR);
    else
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_REQUEST, "Params must be an array or object");
}

static UniValue JSONRPCExecOne(const UniValue& req)
{
    UniValue rpc_result(UniValue::VOBJ);

    JSONRPCRequest jreq;
    try {
        jreq.parse(req);

        UniValue result = tableRPC.execute(jreq);
        rpc_result = JSONRPCReplyObj(result, NullUniValue, jreq.id);
    }
    catch (const UniValue& objError)
    {
        rpc_result = JSONRPCReplyObj(NullUniValue, objError, jreq.id);
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e)
    {
        rpc_result = JSONRPCReplyObj(NullUniValue,
                                     JSONRPCError(RPC_PARSE_ERROR, e.what()), jreq.id);
    }

    return rpc_result;
}

std::string JSONRPCExecBatch(const UniValue& vReq)
{
    UniValue ret(UniValue::VARR);
    for (unsigned int reqIdx = 0; reqIdx < vReq.size(); reqIdx++)
        ret.push_back(JSONRPCExecOne(vReq[reqIdx]));

    return ret.write() + "\n";
}

/**
 * Process named arguments into a vector of positional arguments, based on the
 * passed-in specification for the RPC call's arguments.
 */
static inline JSONRPCRequest transformNamedArguments(const JSONRPCRequest& in, const std::vector<std::string>& argNames)
{
    JSONRPCRequest out = in;
    out.params = UniValue(UniValue::VARR);
    // Build a map of parameters, and remove ones that have been processed, so that we can throw a focused error if
    // there is an unknown one.
    const std::vector<std::string>& keys = in.params.getKeys();
    const std::vector<UniValue>& values = in.params.getValues();
    std::unordered_map<std::string, const UniValue*> argsIn;
    for (size_t i=0; i<keys.size(); ++i) {
        argsIn[keys[i]] = &values[i];
    }
    // Process expected parameters.
    int hole = 0;
    for (const std::string &argName: argNames) {
        auto fr = argsIn.find(argName);
        if (fr != argsIn.end()) {
            for (int i = 0; i < hole; ++i) {
                // Fill hole between specified parameters with JSON nulls,
                // but not at the end (for backwards compatibility with calls
                // that act based on number of specified parameters).
                out.params.push_back(UniValue());
            }
            hole = 0;
            out.params.push_back(*fr->second);
            argsIn.erase(fr);
        } else {
            hole += 1;
        }
    }
    // If there are still arguments in the argsIn map, this is an error.
    if (!argsIn.empty()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Unknown named parameter " + argsIn.begin()->first);
    }
    // Return request with named arguments transformed to positional arguments
    return out;
}

UniValue CRPCTable::execute(const JSONRPCRequest &request) const
{
    // Return immediately if in warmup
    {
        LOCK(cs_rpcWarmup);
        if (fRPCInWarmup)
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_IN_WARMUP, rpcWarmupStatus);
    }

    // Find method
    const CRPCCommand *pcmd = tableRPC[request.strMethod];
    if (!pcmd)
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_METHOD_NOT_FOUND, "Method not found");

    g_rpcSignals.PreCommand(*pcmd);

    try
    {
        // Execute, convert arguments to array if necessary
        if (request.params.isObject()) {
            return pcmd->actor(transformNamedArguments(request, pcmd->argNames));
        } else {
            return pcmd->actor(request);
        }
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e)
    {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, e.what());
    }

    g_rpcSignals.PostCommand(*pcmd);
}

std::vector<std::string> CRPCTable::listCommands() const
{
    std::vector<std::string> commandList;
    typedef std::map<std::string, const CRPCCommand*> commandMap;

    std::transform( mapCommands.begin(), mapCommands.end(),
                   std::back_inserter(commandList),
                   boost::bind(&commandMap::value_type::first,_1) );
    return commandList;
}

std::string HelpExampleCli(const std::string& methodname, const std::string& args)
{
    return "> bitcoin-cli " + methodname + " " + args + "\n";
}

std::string HelpExampleRpc(const std::string& methodname, const std::string& args)
{
    return "> curl --user myusername --data-binary '{\"jsonrpc\": \"1.0\", \"id\":\"curltest\", "
        "\"method\": \"" + methodname + "\", \"params\": [" + args + "] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/\n";
}

void RPCSetTimerInterfaceIfUnset(RPCTimerInterface *iface)
{
    if (!timerInterface)
        timerInterface = iface;
}

void RPCSetTimerInterface(RPCTimerInterface *iface)
{
    timerInterface = iface;
}

void RPCUnsetTimerInterface(RPCTimerInterface *iface)
{
    if (timerInterface == iface)
        timerInterface = NULL;
}

void RPCRunLater(const std::string& name, boost::function<void(void)> func, int64_t nSeconds)
{
    if (!timerInterface)
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, "No timer handler registered for RPC");
    deadlineTimers.erase(name);
    LogPrint("rpc", "queue run of timer %s in %i seconds (using %s)\n", name, nSeconds, timerInterface->Name());
    deadlineTimers.emplace(name, std::unique_ptr<RPCTimerBase>(timerInterface->NewTimer(func, nSeconds*1000)));
}

int RPCSerializationFlags()
{
    int flag = 0;
    if (GetArg("-rpcserialversion", DEFAULT_RPC_SERIALIZE_VERSION) == 0)
        flag |= SERIALIZE_TRANSACTION_NO_WITNESS;
    return flag;
}

CRPCTable tableRPC;