Added IntrinsicFunction in ASR (#1616)

Co-authored-by: Thirumalai-Shaktivel <thirumalaishaktivel@gmail.com>

Author: anutosh491

doc/src/asr/asr_nodes/expression_nodes/IntrinsicFunction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# IntrinsicFunction
+
+An intrinsic function. An **expr** node.
+
+## Declaration
+
+### Syntax
+
+```
+IntrinsicFunction(expr* args, int intrinsic_id, int overload_id,
+    ttype type, expr? value)
+```
+
+### Arguments
+
+* `args` represents all arguments passed to the function
+* `intrinsic_id` is the unique ID of the generic intrinsic function
+* `overload_id` is the ID of the signature within the given generic function
+* `type` represents the type of the output
+* `value` is an optional compile time value
+
+### Return values
+
+The return value is the expression that the `IntrinsicFunction` represents.
+
+## Description
+
+**IntrinsicFunction** represents an intrinsic function (such as `Abs`,
+`Modulo`, `Sin`, `Cos`, `LegendreP`, `FlipSign`, ...) that either the backend
+or the middle-end (optimizer) needs to have some special logic for. Typically a
+math function, but does not have to be.
+
+IntrinsicFunction is both side-effect-free (no writes to global variables) and
+deterministic (no reads from global variables). They are also elemental: can be
+vectorized over any argument(s). They can be used inside parallel code and
+cached.
+
+The `intrinsic_id` determines the generic function uniquely (`Sin` and `Abs`
+have different number, but `IntegerAbs` and `RealAbs` share the number) and
+`overload_id` uniquely determines the signature starting from 0 for each
+generic function (e.g., `IntegerAbs`, `RealAbs` and `ComplexAbs` can have
+`overload_id` equal to 0, 1 and 2, and `RealSin`, `ComplexSin` can be 0, 1).
+
+Backend use cases: Some architectures have special hardware instructions for
+operations like Sqrt or Sin and if they are faster than a software
+implementation, the backend will use it. This includes the `FlipSign` function
+which is our own "special function" that the optimizer emits for certain
+conditional floating point operations, and the backend emits an efficient bit
+manipulation implementation for architectures that support it.
+
+Middle-end use cases: the middle-end can use the high level semantics to
+simplify, such as `sin(e)**2 + cos(e)**2 -> 1`, or it could approximate
+expressions like `if (abs(sin(x) - 0.5) < 0.3)` with a lower accuracy version
+of `sin`.
+
+We provide ASR -> ASR lowering transformations that substitute the given
+intrinsic function with an ASR implementation using more primitive ASR nodes,
+typically implemented in the surface language (say a `sin` implementation using
+argument reduction and a polynomial fit, or a `sqrt` implementation using a
+general power formula `x**(0.5)`, or `LegendreP(2,x)` implementation using a
+formula `(3*x**2-1)/2`).
+
+This design also makes it possible to allow selecting using command line
+options how certain intrinsic functions should be implemented, for example if
+trigonometric functions should be implemented using our own fast
+implementation, `libm` accurate implementation, we could also call into other
+libraries. These choices should happen at the ASR level, and then the result
+further optimized (such as inlined) as needed.
+
+## Types
+
+The argument types in `args` have the types of the corresponding signature as
+determined by `intrinsic_id`. For example `IntegerAbs` accepts an integer, but
+`RealAbs` accepts a real.
+
+## Examples
+
+The following example code creates `IntrinsicFunction` ASR node:
+
+```fortran
+sin(0.5)
+```
+
+ASR:
+
+```
+(TranslationUnit
+    (SymbolTable
+        1
+        {
+        })
+    [(IntrinsicFunction
+        [(RealConstant
+            0.500000
+            (Real 4 [])
+        )]
+        0
+        0
+        (Real 4 [])
+        (RealConstant 0.479426 (Real 4 []))
+    )]
+)
+```
+
+## See Also
+
+[FunctionCall]()

integration_tests/test_builtin_abs.py

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ def test_abs():
 
     b: bool
     b = True
-    assert abs(b) == 1
+    assert abs(i32(b)) == 1
     b = False
-    assert abs(b) == 0
+    assert abs(i32(b)) == 0
 
 test_abs()

src/libasr/ASR.asdl

@@ -224,6 +224,8 @@ expr
     | NamedExpr(expr target, expr value, ttype type)
     | FunctionCall(symbol name, symbol? original_name, call_arg* args,
             ttype type, expr? value, expr? dt)
+    | IntrinsicFunction(int intrinsic_id, expr* args, int overload_id,
+            ttype type, expr? value)
     | StructTypeConstructor(symbol dt_sym, call_arg* args, ttype type, expr? value)
     | EnumTypeConstructor(symbol dt_sym, expr* args, ttype type, expr? value)
     | UnionTypeConstructor(symbol dt_sym, expr* args, ttype type, expr? value)

src/libasr/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ set(SRC
     pass/unused_functions.cpp
     pass/flip_sign.cpp
     pass/div_to_mul.cpp
+    pass/intrinsic_function.cpp
     pass/fma.cpp
     pass/loop_vectorise.cpp
     pass/sign_from_value.cpp

src/libasr/asdl_cpp.py

@@ -1520,7 +1520,10 @@ def visitField(self, field, cons):
                     self.emit(    's.append("()");', 3)
                     self.emit("}", 2)
                 else:
-                    self.emit('s.append(std::to_string(x.m_%s));' % field.name, 2)
+                    if field.name == "intrinsic_id":
+                        self.emit('s.append(self().convert_intrinsic_id(x.m_%s));' % field.name, 2)
+                    else:
+                        self.emit('s.append(std::to_string(x.m_%s));' % field.name, 2)
             elif field.type == "float" and not field.seq and not field.opt:
                 self.emit('s.append(std::to_string(x.m_%s));' % field.name, 2)
             elif field.type == "bool" and not field.seq and not field.opt:

src/libasr/asr_utils.h

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <libasr/string_utils.h>
 #include <libasr/utils.h>
 
+#include <complex>
+
 namespace LCompilers  {
 
     namespace ASRUtils  {
@@ -801,7 +803,21 @@ static inline bool all_args_evaluated(const Vec<ASR::array_index_t> &args) {
     return true;
 }
 
-template <typename T>
+static inline bool extract_value(ASR::expr_t* value_expr,
+    std::complex<double>& value) {
+    if( !ASR::is_a<ASR::ComplexConstant_t>(*value_expr) ) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ASR::ComplexConstant_t* value_const = ASR::down_cast<ASR::ComplexConstant_t>(value_expr);
+    value = std::complex(value_const->m_re, value_const->m_im);
+    return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T,
+    typename = typename std::enable_if<
+        std::is_same<T, std::complex<double>>::value == false &&
+        std::is_same<T, std::complex<float>>::value == false>::type>
 static inline bool extract_value(ASR::expr_t* value_expr, T& value) {
     if( !is_value_constant(value_expr) ) {
         return false;

src/libasr/codegen/asr_to_c.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <libasr/pass/class_constructor.h>
 #include <libasr/pass/array_op.h>
 #include <libasr/pass/subroutine_from_function.h>
+#include <libasr/pass/intrinsic_function.h>
 
 #include <map>
 #include <utility>
@@ -680,6 +681,18 @@ R"(
             }
         }
 
+        // Process global functions
+        size_t i;
+        for (i = 0; i < global_func_order.size(); i++) {
+            ASR::symbol_t* sym = x.m_global_scope->get_symbol(global_func_order[i]);
+            // Ignore external symbols because they are already defined by the loop above.
+            if( !sym || ASR::is_a<ASR::ExternalSymbol_t>(*sym) ) {
+                continue ;
+            }
+            visit_symbol(*sym);
+            unit_src += src;
+        }
+
         // Process modules in the right order
         std::vector<std::string> build_order
             = ASRUtils::determine_module_dependencies(x);
@@ -693,18 +706,6 @@ R"(
             }
         }
 
-        // Process global functions
-        size_t i;
-        for (i = 0; i < global_func_order.size(); i++) {
-            ASR::symbol_t* sym = x.m_global_scope->get_symbol(global_func_order[i]);
-            // Ignore external symbols because they are already defined by the loop above.
-            if( !sym || ASR::is_a<ASR::ExternalSymbol_t>(*sym) ) {
-                continue ;
-            }
-            visit_symbol(*sym);
-            unit_src += src;
-        }
-
         // Then the main program:
         for (auto &item : x.m_global_scope->get_scope()) {
             if (ASR::is_a<ASR::Program_t>(*item.second)) {

src/libasr/codegen/asr_to_cpp.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <libasr/asr_utils.h>
 #include <libasr/string_utils.h>
 #include <libasr/pass/unused_functions.h>
+#include <libasr/pass/intrinsic_function.h>
 
 
 namespace LCompilers {
@@ -745,6 +746,7 @@ Result<std::string> asr_to_cpp(Allocator &al, ASR::TranslationUnit_t &asr,
     LCompilers::PassOptions pass_options;
     pass_options.always_run = true;
     pass_unused_functions(al, asr, pass_options);
+    pass_replace_intrinsic_function(al, asr, pass_options);
     ASRToCPPVisitor v(diagnostics, co, default_lower_bound);
     try {
         v.visit_asr((ASR::asr_t &)asr);

src/libasr/codegen/asr_to_wasm.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 #include <libasr/pass/unused_functions.h>
 #include <libasr/pass/pass_array_by_data.h>
 #include <libasr/pass/print_arr.h>
+#include <libasr/pass/intrinsic_function.h>
+#include <libasr/exception.h>
+#include <libasr/asr_utils.h>
 
 // #define SHOW_ASR
 
@@ -3136,6 +3139,7 @@ Result<Vec<uint8_t>> asr_to_wasm_bytes_stream(ASR::TranslationUnit_t &asr,
     pass_array_by_data(al, asr, pass_options);
     pass_replace_print_arr(al, asr, pass_options);
     pass_replace_do_loops(al, asr, pass_options);
+    pass_replace_intrinsic_function(al, asr, pass_options);
     pass_options.always_run = true;
     pass_unused_functions(al, asr, pass_options);
 

src/libasr/pass/array_op.cpp

@@ -594,6 +594,89 @@ class ReplaceArrayOp: public ASR::BaseExprReplacer<ReplaceArrayOp> {
         replace_ArrayOpCommon<ASR::LogicalCompare_t>(x, "_logical_comp_op_res");
     }
 
+    void replace_IntrinsicFunction(ASR::IntrinsicFunction_t* x) {
+        LCOMPILERS_ASSERT(current_scope != nullptr);
+        const Location& loc = x->base.base.loc;
+        std::vector<bool> array_mask(x->n_args, false);
+        bool at_least_one_array = false;
+        for( size_t iarg = 0; iarg < x->n_args; iarg++ ) {
+            array_mask[iarg] = ASRUtils::is_array(
+                ASRUtils::expr_type(x->m_args[iarg]));
+            at_least_one_array = at_least_one_array || array_mask[iarg];
+        }
+        if (!at_least_one_array) {
+            return ;
+        }
+        std::string res_prefix = "_elemental_func_call_res";
+        ASR::expr_t* result_var_copy = result_var;
+        bool is_all_rank_0 = true;
+        std::vector<ASR::expr_t*> operands;
+        ASR::expr_t* operand = nullptr;
+        int common_rank = 0;
+        bool are_all_rank_same = true;
+        for( size_t iarg = 0; iarg < x->n_args; iarg++ ) {
+            result_var = nullptr;
+            ASR::expr_t** current_expr_copy_9 = current_expr;
+            current_expr = &(x->m_args[iarg]);
+            self().replace_expr(x->m_args[iarg]);
+            operand = *current_expr;
+            current_expr = current_expr_copy_9;
+            operands.push_back(operand);
+            int rank_operand = PassUtils::get_rank(operand);
+            if( common_rank == 0 ) {
+                common_rank = rank_operand;
+            }
+            if( common_rank != rank_operand &&
+                rank_operand > 0 ) {
+                are_all_rank_same = false;
+            }
+            array_mask[iarg] = (rank_operand > 0);
+            is_all_rank_0 = is_all_rank_0 && (rank_operand <= 0);
+        }
+        if( is_all_rank_0 ) {
+            return ;
+        }
+        if( !are_all_rank_same ) {
+            throw LCompilersException("Broadcasting support not yet available "
+                                        "for different shape arrays.");
+        }
+        result_var = result_var_copy;
+        if( result_var == nullptr ) {
+            result_var = PassUtils::create_var(result_counter, res_prefix,
+                            loc, operand, al, current_scope);
+            result_counter += 1;
+        }
+        *current_expr = result_var;
+
+        Vec<ASR::expr_t*> idx_vars, loop_vars;
+        std::vector<int> loop_var_indices;
+        Vec<ASR::stmt_t*> doloop_body;
+        create_do_loop(loc, common_rank,
+            idx_vars, loop_vars, loop_var_indices, doloop_body,
+            [=, &operands, &idx_vars, &doloop_body] () {
+            Vec<ASR::expr_t*> ref_args;
+            ref_args.reserve(al, x->n_args);
+            for( size_t iarg = 0; iarg < x->n_args; iarg++ ) {
+                ASR::expr_t* ref = operands[iarg];
+                if( array_mask[iarg] ) {
+                    ref = PassUtils::create_array_ref(operands[iarg], idx_vars, al);
+                }
+                ref_args.push_back(al, ref);
+            }
+            Vec<ASR::dimension_t> empty_dim;
+            empty_dim.reserve(al, 1);
+            ASR::ttype_t* dim_less_type = ASRUtils::duplicate_type(al, x->m_type, &empty_dim);
+            ASR::expr_t* op_el_wise = ASRUtils::EXPR(ASR::make_IntrinsicFunction_t(al, loc,
+                x->m_intrinsic_id, ref_args.p, ref_args.size(), x->m_overload_id,
+                dim_less_type, nullptr));
+            ASR::expr_t* res = PassUtils::create_array_ref(result_var, idx_vars, al);
+            ASR::stmt_t* assign = ASRUtils::STMT(ASR::make_Assignment_t(al, loc, res, op_el_wise, nullptr));
+            doloop_body.push_back(al, assign);
+        });
+        use_custom_loop_params = false;
+        result_var = nullptr;
+    }
+
     void replace_FunctionCall(ASR::FunctionCall_t* x) {
         std::string x_name;
         if( x->m_name->type == ASR::symbolType::ExternalSymbol ) {

src/libasr/pass/global_symbols.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace LCompilers {
 
 void pass_wrap_global_syms_into_module(Allocator &al,
         ASR::TranslationUnit_t &unit,
-        const LCompilers::PassOptions& pass_options) {
+        const LCompilers::PassOptions &/*pass_options*/) {
     Location loc = unit.base.base.loc;
     char *module_name = s2c(al, "_global_symbols");
     SymbolTable *module_scope = al.make_new<SymbolTable>(unit.m_global_scope);