Windows Event Viewer Log (EVT) format

Summary

The Windows Event Log (EVT) format is used by Microsoft Windows to store system log information. This specification is based on public available information and was enhanced by analyzing test data.

This document is intended as a working document of the data format specification for the libevt project.

Document information

Author(s):	Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>
Abstract:	This document contains information about the Windows Event Viewer Log (EVT) format.
Classification:	Public
Keywords:	Windows Event Viewer Log, EVT

License

Copyright (C) 2011-2021, Joachim Metz <joachim.metz@gmail.com>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included
in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

Revision history

Version	Author	Date	Comments
0.0.1	J.B. Metz	October 2011	Initial version.
0.0.2	J.B. Metz	March 2012	Additional information.
0.0.3	J.B. Metz	May 2012	Additional information.
0.0.4	J.B. Metz	August 2012	Additional information regarding event categories.
0.0.5	J.B. Metz	September 2012	Additional information regarding behavior of offset in record.
0.0.6	J.B. Metz	October 2012	Additional information.
0.0.7	J.B. Metz	November 2012	Additional information regarding corruption scenarios.
0.0.8	J.B. Metz	April 2013	Additional information regarding corruption scenarios.
0.0.9	J.B. Metz	September 2013	Small corrections.
0.0.10	J.B. Metz	July 2014	Additional information about parameter expansion.
0.0.11	J.B. Metz	October 2014	Switched to asccidoc format.
0.0.12	J.B. Metz	March 2015	Additional information regarding message files.
0.0.13	J.B. Metz	April 2019	Textual and formatting changes.
0.0.14	Kyle Sabo	May 2019	Additional information about unused fields.
0.0.15	J.B. Metz	August 2021	Small changes.

1. Overview

The Windows Event Log (EVT) format is used by Microsoft Windows to store system log information. The EVT format was deprecated in Windows Vista in favor of EVTX.

An EVT file consists of:

file header
event records
end of file record
trailing empty values

Characteristics	Description
Byte order	little-endian
Date and time values	POSIX timestamp in UTC
Character strings	Unicode strings are stored in UTF-16 little-endian without the byte order mark (BOM).

1.1. Test version

The following version of programs were used to test the information within this document:

Windows NT 4
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows 2003

1.2. Event Log files

On Windows NT 4 the event logs files can be found in:

C:\WINNT\System32\config

As of Windows 2000 the default location changed to:

C:\Windows\System32\config

Filename	Description
AppEvent.Evt	Application events
DFSR.Evt	Distributed File System replication events
DNSEvent.Evt	DNS Server events
EventCollector-Operational.Evt
EventForwarding-Operational.Evt
FwdEvents.Evt	Forwarded events (Event forwarding)
HrwEvents.Evt	Hardware events
Internet.Evt	Internet Explorer events
NTDS.Evt	Directory service events
NtFrs.Evt	File Replication Service events
ODiag.Evt	Microsoft Office Diagnostics events
SecEvent.Evt	Security events
SysEvent.Evt	System events
WindowsPowerShell.evt	Windows PowerShell events

2. File header

The file header (ELF_LOGFILE_HEADER or EVENTLOGHEADER) is 48 bytes of size and consists of:

Offset	Size	Value	Description
0	4	48	Size Including the size value
4	4	"LfLe" (0x654c664c)	Signature (ELF_LOG_SIGNATURE)
8	4	1	Major format version
12	4	1	Minor format version
16	4		First (oldest) record offset
20	4		End of file record offset
24	4		Last (newest) record number
28	4		First (oldest) record number
32	4		Maximum file size
36	4		File flags See section: File flags
40	4		Unknown (Retention)
44	4	48	Copy of size This value is used to indicate the end of the file header

2.1. File flags

Value	Identifier	Description
0x0001	ELF_LOGFILE_HEADER_DIRTY	Is dirty
0x0002	ELF_LOGFILE_HEADER_WRAP	Has wrapped
0x0004	ELF_LOGFILE_LOGFULL_WRITTEN	The last write failed because there is insufficient space
0x0008	ELF_LOGFILE_ARCHIVE_SET	Should be archived Same purpose as equivalent in the file attributes flags

3. Event record

The event record (EVENTLOGRECORD) is variable of size and consist of:

Offset	Size	Value	Description
0	4		Size Including the size value
4	4	"LfLe" (0x654c664c)	Signature (ELF_LOG_SIGNATURE)
8	4		Record number
12	4		Creation date and time Contains 32-bit Unix epoch of the date and time in UTC the record was generated
16	4		Last written date and time Contains 32-bit Unix epoch of the date and time in UTC the record was written to file
20	4		Event identifier
24	2		Event type
26	2		Number of strings
28	2		Event category
30	2		Unknown (Event flags) Actual usage unknown indicated as reserved See note below about its usage, usually contains 0
32	4		Unknown (Closing record number) Should be 0 if the file has not been externally modified
36	4		Event strings offset The offset is relative to the start of the record and must be a multitude of 2 Can contain 0 but the number of strings should also be 0
40	4		User identifier (SID) size 0 if no user identifier is available
44	4		User identifier (SID) offset The offset is relative to the start of the record Can contain 0 but the user identifier size should also be 0
48	4		Event data size 0 if no data is available
52	4		Event data offset The offset is relative to the start of the record Can contain 0 but the data size should also be 0
Event record members
56	…		Source name Contains an UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character
…	…		Computer name Contains an UTF-16 little-endian string with end-of-string character
…	…		User SID Contains a Windows NT security identifier For more information see `[NTSID]`.
…	…		Event strings Array of UTF-16 little-endian strings with end-of-string character
…	…		Event data
…	…		Padding (empty values) 4-byte alignment
…	4		Copy of size This value is used to indicate the end of the event record

The user SID offset can be ignored if the user SID size is 0. In this situation the strings offset can be the same as the strings offset.

The strings offset can be ignored if the number of strings is 0. In this situation the data offset can be the same as the strings offset.

Offsets beyond the record data should be ignored.

Note

The event flags field is a copy of the 4 bytes of data passed in the Flags field of the ElfrReportEvent RPC call, see [MS-EVEN]. These flags are written directly to the file, and it is left up to the event reader to interpret them. [MS-EVEN] suggests a shared meaning for bit 0x8000 as "the last string is valid XML", but the Event Log service does not validate this when writing the strings. Most, if not all, events are written using the ReportEvent Win32 API wrapper around the RPC function, and will always set this field to be 0.

3.1. Event type

Value	Identifier	Description
0x0001	Event Log_ERROR_TYPE	Error event
0x0002	Event Log_WARNING_TYPE	Warning event
0x0004	Event Log_INFORMATION_TYPE	Information event
0x0008	Event Log_AUDIT_SUCCESS	Success Audit event
0x0010	Event Log_AUDIT_FAILURE	Failure Audit event

3.2. Event identifier

The event identifier is 4 bytes of size and consist of:

Offset	Size	Description
0.0	16 bits	Code
2.0	12 bits	Facility
3.4	1 bit	Reserved
3.5	1 bit	Customer flags 0 ⇒ System code 1 ⇒ Customer code
3.6	2 bits	Severity 00 ⇒ Success 01 ⇒ Informational 10 ⇒ Warning 11 ⇒ Error

3.3. Externally stored values

Some of the data that Event Viewer shows is stored outside the event log files.

The first step to determine the location of these values is find the corresponding "event log type sub key" in the Windows registry under:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\EventLog

Every event log type has its own sub key, e.g.:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\EventLog\System

Common event log types are:

Application
Security
System

The event log type sub key has a "event source sub key" for every source name, e.g for the source name "Workstation":

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\EventLog\System\Workstation

Note	The source name is case insensitive; so "Workstation" and "workstation" are considered equivalent.

3.3.1. Event message strings

The event message strings are stored in event message files.

The event source sub key has a value named "EventMessageFile" which contains a path specification of the event message file.

%SystemRoot%\System32\netmsg.dll

Note	If set, this value must container one or more filenames separated by a semicolon (;) character. The names of the files are case insensitive. Values that are a directory or an invalid file (see below) are ignored. Filenames may contain case-insensitive environment variables that must be expanded.

Note

Each program that displays event message strings is responsible for reading the Windows Registry value, handling any environment variables within the value, and loading the message strings from each file. Variations in these steps may result in programs producing different messages than shown in Event Viewer.

Here "%SystemRoot%" is case insensitive and needs to be expanded to the Windows directory. The actual value of %SystemRoot% can be found in the Registry value:

Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion
Value: SystemRoot

This value depends on the Windows version, e.g.

Value	Version
C:\WINDOWS	Windows XP (NT 5.1) and later
C:\WINNT	Windows NT 3.1, Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 (NT 5.0)
C:\WINNT35	Windows NT 3.5x
C:\WTSRV	Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server

Other environment variables that are frequently used are:

%WinDir%

The actual value of e.g. %WinDir% can be found in the Registry value:

Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment
Value: windir

Event message files are PE/COFF executables that contains a resource (".rsrc ") section. Event message files can have various extensions, e.g. ".exe", ".dll", ".dll.mui", ".sys".

The resource section contains a message-table resource which contains the event message strings. E.g.

C:\Windows\System32\netmsg.dll

The event message strings have identifiers similar to the event identifiers. E.g. if the event identifier is 3260 (0x00000cbc) the corresponding event message string would be:

This computer has been successfully joined to %1 '%2'.

The placeholder values %1 and %2 represent the first and second string in the event.

Note	The event message strings are language specific. An event message file can therefore contain event message strings for multiple languages.

Parameter expansion

Parameter expansion is e.g. seen in event identifier 0xc0001b58 of the Service Control Manager.

String: 1                       : Application Layer Gateway-service
String: 2                       : %%1053

The event source sub key has a value named "ParameterMessageFile" which for the Service Control Manager refers to:

%SystemRoot%\System32\kernel32.dll

Here %%1053 corresponds to the message string with identifier 1053 stored in kernel32.dll, which is expanded to:

The service did not respond to the start or control request in a timely fashion.

3.3.2. Event category

The event category is primarily used in the Security event log. The category name strings are stored in event message files (also see: Event message strings).

The event source sub key has a value named "CategoryMessageFile" which contains a path specification of the event message file.

%SystemRoot%\System32\MsAuditE.dll

The event category number corresponds to the event message strings in the event message file. The corresponding event message string should not contain a placeholder.

If there is no corresponding "CategoryMessageFile" the event category number should always be 0?

The value "CategoryCount" in the event source sub key contain the number of categories defined for the specific event source.

4. End of file record

The end of file record (ELF_EOF_RECORD or EVENTLOGEOF) is 40 bytes of size and consists of:

Offset	Size	Value	Description
0	4	0x28	Size Including the size value
4	4	0x11111111	Signature1
8	4	0x22222222	Signature2
12	4	0x33333333	Signature3
16	4	0x44444444	Signature4
20	4		First (oldest) record offset
24	4		End of file record offset
28	4		Last (newest) record number
32	4		First (oldest) record number
36	4	0x28	Copy of size This value is used to indicate the end of the file header

5. Corruption scenarios

5.1. Dirty file with invalid offset values

In the dirty file with invalid offset values scenarios the file header indicates it is dirty and the first record offset and end of file record offset point to invalid locations in the file. The most likely cause for this scenario is that the file was in use but the header was not updated.

The approach is to find the event records is to start looking for the end-of-file record after the the end-of-file record offset.

5.1.1. Trailing non-event data

In the dirty file with invalid offset values scenarios it sometimes can happen that the file is wrapped and that there is trailing data after the last event before the wrap.

The approach is to continue finding the event records is to ignore this trailing data.

5.2. Truncated event record

The data of the event record is not complete, part of the event record data is filled with 0-byte values. The copy of the record size is 0.

5.2.1. Truncated strings data

If the the truncation occurs in the strings data part of the record can still be read.

The approach is to ignore the truncated part of the strings data.

5.3. Event record with data offset is beyond record size

Although the data offset does not seem to be 0, the value can be beyond the record size. As long as the data size is 0 the data offset can be safely ignored.

If the data is not 0, does this indicate the record has actual data and how to detect it?

Appendix A: References

[MSDN]

Title:	Event Logging Structures
URL:	http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363659(v=VS.85).aspx

[NTSID]

Title:	NT security descriptor
URL:	https://github.com/libyal/libfwnt/wiki/Security-Descriptor

[MS-EVEN]

Title:	EventLog Remoting Protocol
URL:	https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-even

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10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.

11. RELICENSING

"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.

"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.

"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document.

An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.

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