[Clang] Define __cpp_pack_indexing (#101956)

Following the discussion on #101448 this defines 
`__cpp_pack_indexing`. Since pack indexing is currently
supported in all language modes, the feature test macro 
is also defined in all language modes.

Author: Sirraide

clang/docs/LanguageExtensions.rst

@@ -1503,6 +1503,7 @@ Conditional ``explicit``                     __cpp_conditional_explicit       C+
 ``static operator()``                        __cpp_static_call_operator       C++23         C++03
 Attributes on Lambda-Expressions                                              C++23         C++11
 Attributes on Structured Bindings            __cpp_structured_bindings        C++26         C++03
+Pack Indexing                                __cpp_pack_indexing              C++26         C++03
 ``= delete ("should have a reason");``       __cpp_deleted_function           C++26         C++03
 -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------- -------------
 Designated initializers (N494)                                                C99           C89

clang/lib/Frontend/InitPreprocessor.cpp

@@ -763,6 +763,7 @@ static void InitializeCPlusPlusFeatureTestMacros(const LangOptions &LangOpts,
   Builder.defineMacro("__cpp_placeholder_variables", "202306L");
 
   // C++26 features supported in earlier language modes.
+  Builder.defineMacro("__cpp_pack_indexing", "202311L");
   Builder.defineMacro("__cpp_deleted_function", "202403L");
 
   if (LangOpts.Char8)

clang/test/Lexer/cxx-features.cpp

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@
 #error "wrong value for __cpp_deleted_function"
 #endif
 
+#if check(pack_indexing, 202311, 202311, 202311, 202311, 202311, 202311, 202311)
+#error "wrong value for __cpp_pack_indexing"
+#endif
+
 #if check(placeholder_variables, 202306, 202306, 202306, 202306, 202306, 202306, 202306)
 #error "wrong value for __cpp_placeholder_variables"
 #endif