[[llvm] Clearly document the OS X requirement for full XCode installation

[springmeyer]

The llvm/clang++ compiler used and provided by mason needs a full XCode installation available. Otherwise you'll hit a warning like:

clang-5.0: warning: no such sysroot directory: '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk' [-Wmissing-sysroot]

And an error when the program tries to use something from the C standard library. For example:

fatal error: 'stdlib.h' file not found
#include <stdlib.h>
         ^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.

But this error will depend on what of the C standard library is being requested.

The way to solve this is for OS X users to install a full version of XCode.

This reliance on a full version of XCode is due to this line in our compiler config:

mason/scripts/llvm/base/common.sh

Line 230 in 6aa9591

CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS="${CMAKE_EXTRA_ARGS} -DDEFAULT_SYSROOT=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk"

. It is possible we could try to get this working against the Command line tools install of C headers as well, but this is not something I've tried.

[springmeyer]

Or, we could try to get the default build of LLVM changed such that it does work with the command line tools.

Debugging locally with @millzpaugh and @AllieOop we found that clang++ v5.0.1 from mason could be made to work without XCode (and only the "command line tools" install) by passing:

-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/ -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools//usr/include/c++/v1/