Rollup merge of rust-lang#131033 - compiler-errors:precise-capturing-in-traits, r=spastorino

Precise capturing in traits

This PR begins to implement `feature(precise_capturing_in_traits)`, which enables using the `impl Trait + use<..>` syntax for RPITITs. It implements this by giving the desugared GATs variance, and representing the uncaptured lifetimes as bivariant, like how opaque captures work.

Right now, I've left out implementing a necessary extension to the `refining_impl_trait` lint, and also I've made it so that all RPITITs always capture the parameters that come from the trait, because I'm not totally yet convinced that it's sound to not capture these args. It's certainly required to capture the type and const parameters from the trait (e.g. Self), or else users could bivariantly relate two RPITIT args that come from different impls, but region parameters don't affect trait selection in the same way, so it *may* be possible to relax this in the future. Let's stay conservative for now, though.

I'm not totally sure what tests could be added on top of the ones I already added, since we really don't need to exercise the `precise_capturing` feature but simply what makes it special for RPITITs.

r? types

Tracking issue:
* rust-lang#130044

Author: matthiaskrgr

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs

@@ -1573,11 +1573,20 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         // Feature gate for RPITIT + use<..>
         match origin {
             rustc_hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn { in_trait_or_impl: Some(_), .. } => {
-                if let Some(span) = bounds.iter().find_map(|bound| match *bound {
-                    ast::GenericBound::Use(_, span) => Some(span),
-                    _ => None,
-                }) {
-                    self.tcx.dcx().emit_err(errors::NoPreciseCapturesOnRpitit { span });
+                if !self.tcx.features().precise_capturing_in_traits
+                    && let Some(span) = bounds.iter().find_map(|bound| match *bound {
+                        ast::GenericBound::Use(_, span) => Some(span),
+                        _ => None,
+                    })
+                {
+                    let mut diag =
+                        self.tcx.dcx().create_err(errors::NoPreciseCapturesOnRpitit { span });
+                    add_feature_diagnostics(
+                        &mut diag,
+                        self.tcx.sess,
+                        sym::precise_capturing_in_traits,
+                    );
+                    diag.emit();
                 }
             }
             _ => {}

compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs

@@ -565,6 +565,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (incomplete, pin_ergonomics, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(130494)),
     /// Allows postfix match `expr.match { ... }`
     (unstable, postfix_match, "1.79.0", Some(121618)),
+    /// Allows `use<..>` precise capturign on impl Trait in traits.
+    (unstable, precise_capturing_in_traits, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(130044)),
     /// Allows macro attributes on expressions, statements and non-inline modules.
     (unstable, proc_macro_hygiene, "1.30.0", Some(54727)),
     /// Makes `&` and `&mut` patterns eat only one layer of references in Rust 2024.

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl

@@ -259,6 +259,9 @@ hir_analysis_late_bound_lifetime_in_apit = `impl Trait` can only mention lifetim
 hir_analysis_late_bound_type_in_apit = `impl Trait` can only mention type parameters from an fn or impl
     .label = type parameter declared here
 
+hir_analysis_lifetime_implicitly_captured = `impl Trait` captures lifetime parameter, but it is not mentioned in `use<...>` precise captures list
+    .param_label = all lifetime parameters originating from a trait are captured implicitly
+
 hir_analysis_lifetime_must_be_first = lifetime parameter `{$name}` must be listed before non-lifetime parameters
     .label = move the lifetime before this parameter
 

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs

@@ -589,15 +589,22 @@ fn check_opaque_precise_captures<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, opaque_def_id: LocalDe
                                 param_span: tcx.def_span(def_id),
                             });
                         } else {
-                            // If the `use_span` is actually just the param itself, then we must
-                            // have not duplicated the lifetime but captured the original.
-                            // The "effective" `use_span` will be the span of the opaque itself,
-                            // and the param span will be the def span of the param.
-                            tcx.dcx().emit_err(errors::LifetimeNotCaptured {
-                                opaque_span,
-                                use_span: opaque_span,
-                                param_span: use_span,
-                            });
+                            if tcx.def_kind(tcx.parent(param.def_id)) == DefKind::Trait {
+                                tcx.dcx().emit_err(errors::LifetimeImplicitlyCaptured {
+                                    opaque_span,
+                                    param_span: tcx.def_span(param.def_id),
+                                });
+                            } else {
+                                // If the `use_span` is actually just the param itself, then we must
+                                // have not duplicated the lifetime but captured the original.
+                                // The "effective" `use_span` will be the span of the opaque itself,
+                                // and the param span will be the def span of the param.
+                                tcx.dcx().emit_err(errors::LifetimeNotCaptured {
+                                    opaque_span,
+                                    use_span: opaque_span,
+                                    param_span: use_span,
+                                });
+                            }
                         }
                         continue;
                     }

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item/refine.rs

@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ pub(super) fn check_refining_return_position_impl_trait_in_trait<'tcx>(
         return;
     };
 
+    if hidden_tys.items().any(|(_, &ty)| ty.skip_binder().references_error()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     let mut collector = ImplTraitInTraitCollector { tcx, types: FxIndexSet::default() };
     trait_m_sig.visit_with(&mut collector);
 

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/errors/precise_captures.rs

@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ pub(crate) struct LifetimeNotCaptured {
     pub opaque_span: Span,
 }
 
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag(hir_analysis_lifetime_implicitly_captured)]
+pub(crate) struct LifetimeImplicitlyCaptured {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub opaque_span: Span,
+    #[label(hir_analysis_param_label)]
+    pub param_span: Span,
+}
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag(hir_analysis_bad_precise_capture)]
 pub(crate) struct BadPreciseCapture {

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/variance/mod.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use rustc_arena::DroplessArena;
+use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
@@ -63,8 +64,29 @@ fn variances_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_def_id: LocalDefId) -> &[ty::Variance] {
             let crate_map = tcx.crate_variances(());
             return crate_map.variances.get(&item_def_id.to_def_id()).copied().unwrap_or(&[]);
         }
+        DefKind::AssocTy => match tcx.opt_rpitit_info(item_def_id.to_def_id()) {
+            Some(ty::ImplTraitInTraitData::Trait { opaque_def_id, .. }) => {
+                return variance_of_opaque(
+                    tcx,
+                    opaque_def_id.expect_local(),
+                    ForceCaptureTraitArgs::Yes,
+                );
+            }
+            None | Some(ty::ImplTraitInTraitData::Impl { .. }) => {}
+        },
         DefKind::OpaqueTy => {
-            return variance_of_opaque(tcx, item_def_id);
+            let force_capture_trait_args = if let hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn {
+                parent: _,
+                in_trait_or_impl: Some(hir::RpitContext::Trait),
+            } =
+                tcx.hir_node_by_def_id(item_def_id).expect_opaque_ty().origin
+            {
+                ForceCaptureTraitArgs::Yes
+            } else {
+                ForceCaptureTraitArgs::No
+            };
+
+            return variance_of_opaque(tcx, item_def_id, force_capture_trait_args);
         }
         _ => {}
     }
@@ -73,8 +95,18 @@ fn variances_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_def_id: LocalDefId) -> &[ty::Variance] {
     span_bug!(tcx.def_span(item_def_id), "asked to compute variance for wrong kind of item");
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+enum ForceCaptureTraitArgs {
+    Yes,
+    No,
+}
+
 #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(tcx), ret)]
-fn variance_of_opaque(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_def_id: LocalDefId) -> &[ty::Variance] {
+fn variance_of_opaque(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
+    item_def_id: LocalDefId,
+    force_capture_trait_args: ForceCaptureTraitArgs,
+) -> &[ty::Variance] {
     let generics = tcx.generics_of(item_def_id);
 
     // Opaque types may only use regions that are bound. So for
@@ -115,9 +147,7 @@ fn variance_of_opaque(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_def_id: LocalDefId) -> &[ty::Varianc
         #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self), ret)]
         fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) {
             match t.kind() {
-                ty::Alias(_, ty::AliasTy { def_id, args, .. })
-                    if matches!(self.tcx.def_kind(*def_id), DefKind::OpaqueTy) =>
-                {
+                ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, args, .. }) => {
                     self.visit_opaque(*def_id, args);
                 }
                 _ => t.super_visit_with(self),
@@ -135,6 +165,15 @@ fn variance_of_opaque(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_def_id: LocalDefId) -> &[ty::Varianc
         let mut generics = generics;
         while let Some(def_id) = generics.parent {
             generics = tcx.generics_of(def_id);
+
+            // Don't mark trait params generic if we're in an RPITIT.
+            if matches!(force_capture_trait_args, ForceCaptureTraitArgs::Yes)
+                && generics.parent.is_none()
+            {
+                debug_assert_eq!(tcx.def_kind(def_id), DefKind::Trait);
+                break;
+            }
+
             for param in &generics.own_params {
                 match param.kind {
                     ty::GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => {

compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs

@@ -1100,9 +1100,12 @@ fn should_encode_variances<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId, def_kind: Def
         | DefKind::Fn
         | DefKind::Ctor(..)
         | DefKind::AssocFn => true,
+        DefKind::AssocTy => {
+            // Only encode variances for RPITITs (for traits)
+            matches!(tcx.opt_rpitit_info(def_id), Some(ty::ImplTraitInTraitData::Trait { .. }))
+        }
         DefKind::Mod
         | DefKind::Field
-        | DefKind::AssocTy
         | DefKind::AssocConst
         | DefKind::TyParam
         | DefKind::ConstParam

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs

@@ -539,6 +539,10 @@ impl<'tcx> Interner for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.trait_def(trait_def_id).implement_via_object
     }
 
+    fn is_impl_trait_in_trait(self, def_id: DefId) -> bool {
+        self.is_impl_trait_in_trait(def_id)
+    }
+
     fn delay_bug(self, msg: impl ToString) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
         self.dcx().span_delayed_bug(DUMMY_SP, msg.to_string())
     }

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -1479,6 +1479,7 @@ symbols! {
         powif64,
         pre_dash_lto: "pre-lto",
         precise_capturing,
+        precise_capturing_in_traits,
         precise_pointer_size_matching,
         pref_align_of,
         prefetch_read_data,

compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs

@@ -261,6 +261,8 @@ pub trait Interner:
 
     fn trait_may_be_implemented_via_object(self, trait_def_id: Self::DefId) -> bool;
 
+    fn is_impl_trait_in_trait(self, def_id: Self::DefId) -> bool;
+
     fn delay_bug(self, msg: impl ToString) -> Self::ErrorGuaranteed;
 
     fn is_general_coroutine(self, coroutine_def_id: Self::DefId) -> bool;

compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/relate.rs

@@ -239,6 +239,16 @@ impl<I: Interner> Relate<I> for ty::AliasTy<I> {
                     b.args,
                     false, // do not fetch `type_of(a_def_id)`, as it will cause a cycle
                 )?,
+                ty::Projection if relation.cx().is_impl_trait_in_trait(a.def_id) => {
+                    relate_args_with_variances(
+                        relation,
+                        a.def_id,
+                        relation.cx().variances_of(a.def_id),
+                        a.args,
+                        b.args,
+                        false, // do not fetch `type_of(a_def_id)`, as it will cause a cycle
+                    )?
+                }
                 ty::Projection | ty::Weak | ty::Inherent => {
                     relate_args_invariantly(relation, a.args, b.args)?
                 }

tests/ui/feature-gates/feature-gate-precise_capturing_in_traits.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+trait Foo {
+    fn test() -> impl Sized + use<Self>;
+    //~^ ERROR `use<...>` precise capturing syntax is currently not allowed in return-position
+}
+
+fn main() {}

tests/ui/feature-gates/feature-gate-precise_capturing_in_traits.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+error: `use<...>` precise capturing syntax is currently not allowed in return-position `impl Trait` in traits
+  --> $DIR/feature-gate-precise_capturing_in_traits.rs:2:31
+   |
+LL |     fn test() -> impl Sized + use<Self>;
+   |                               ^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+   = note: currently, return-position `impl Trait` in traits and trait implementations capture all lifetimes in scope
+   = note: see issue #130044 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/130044> for more information
+   = help: add `#![feature(precise_capturing_in_traits)]` to the crate attributes to enable
+   = note: this compiler was built on YYYY-MM-DD; consider upgrading it if it is out of date
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+

tests/ui/impl-trait/in-trait/variance.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-#![feature(rustc_attrs)]
+#![feature(rustc_attrs, precise_capturing_in_traits)]
 #![allow(internal_features)]
 #![rustc_variance_of_opaques]
 
-trait Captures<'a> {}
-impl<T> Captures<'_> for T {}
-
 trait Foo<'i> {
     fn implicit_capture_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized {}
-    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+
+    fn explicit_capture_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized + use<'i, 'a, Self> {}
+    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: *, 'i: o, 'a: o]
 
-    fn explicit_capture_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized + Captures<'a> {}
-    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+    fn not_captured_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized + use<'i, Self> {}
+    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: *, 'i: o]
 
     fn implicit_capture_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized {}
-    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+
+    fn explicit_capture_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized + use<'i, 'a, Self> {}
+    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: o, 'i: o, 'a: o]
 
-    fn explicit_capture_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized + Captures<'a> {}
-    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+    fn not_cpatured_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized + use<'i, Self> {}
+    //~^ [Self: o, 'i: o, 'i: o]
 }
 
 fn main() {}

tests/ui/impl-trait/in-trait/variance.stderr

@@ -1,26 +1,38 @@
-error: [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
-  --> $DIR/variance.rs:9:44
+error: [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+  --> $DIR/variance.rs:6:44
    |
 LL |     fn implicit_capture_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized {}
    |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
-  --> $DIR/variance.rs:12:44
+error: [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: *, 'i: o, 'a: o]
+  --> $DIR/variance.rs:9:44
+   |
+LL |     fn explicit_capture_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized + use<'i, 'a, Self> {}
+   |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: *, 'i: o]
+  --> $DIR/variance.rs:12:40
    |
-LL |     fn explicit_capture_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized + Captures<'a> {}
-   |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+LL |     fn not_captured_early<'a: 'a>() -> impl Sized + use<'i, Self> {}
+   |                                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+error: [Self: o, 'i: o, 'a: o, 'i: o]
   --> $DIR/variance.rs:15:48
    |
 LL |     fn implicit_capture_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized {}
    |                                                ^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: [Self: o, 'i: *, 'a: o, 'i: o]
+error: [Self: o, 'i: o, 'i: o, 'a: o]
   --> $DIR/variance.rs:18:48
    |
-LL |     fn explicit_capture_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized + Captures<'a> {}
-   |                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+LL |     fn explicit_capture_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized + use<'i, 'a, Self> {}
+   |                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: [Self: o, 'i: o, 'i: o]
+  --> $DIR/variance.rs:21:44
+   |
+LL |     fn not_cpatured_late<'a>(_: &'a ()) -> impl Sized + use<'i, Self> {}
+   |                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: aborting due to 4 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 6 previous errors
 

tests/ui/impl-trait/precise-capturing/forgot-to-capture-type.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+#![feature(precise_capturing_in_traits)]
+
 fn type_param<T>() -> impl Sized + use<> {}
 //~^ ERROR `impl Trait` must mention all type parameters in scope
 
 trait Foo {
     fn bar() -> impl Sized + use<>;
     //~^ ERROR `impl Trait` must mention the `Self` type of the trait
-    //~| ERROR `use<...>` precise capturing syntax is currently not allowed in return-position `impl Trait` in traits
 }
 
 fn main() {}

tests/ui/impl-trait/precise-capturing/forgot-to-capture-type.stderr

@@ -1,13 +1,5 @@
-error: `use<...>` precise capturing syntax is currently not allowed in return-position `impl Trait` in traits
-  --> $DIR/forgot-to-capture-type.rs:5:30
-   |
-LL |     fn bar() -> impl Sized + use<>;
-   |                              ^^^^^
-   |
-   = note: currently, return-position `impl Trait` in traits and trait implementations capture all lifetimes in scope
-
 error: `impl Trait` must mention all type parameters in scope in `use<...>`
-  --> $DIR/forgot-to-capture-type.rs:1:23
+  --> $DIR/forgot-to-capture-type.rs:3:23
    |
 LL | fn type_param<T>() -> impl Sized + use<> {}
    |               -       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -17,7 +9,7 @@ LL | fn type_param<T>() -> impl Sized + use<> {}
    = note: currently, all type parameters are required to be mentioned in the precise captures list
 
 error: `impl Trait` must mention the `Self` type of the trait in `use<...>`
-  --> $DIR/forgot-to-capture-type.rs:5:17
+  --> $DIR/forgot-to-capture-type.rs:7:17
    |
 LL | trait Foo {
    | --------- `Self` type parameter is implicitly captured by this `impl Trait`
@@ -26,5 +18,5 @@ LL |     fn bar() -> impl Sized + use<>;
    |
    = note: currently, all type parameters are required to be mentioned in the precise captures list
 
-error: aborting due to 3 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors