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RaspberryPiSetup.md

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Image creation

Initial setup

  • Use raspberry pi imager to flash Raspi OS Lite. On edit settings, create user account + enable ssh
  • Modify config.txt to include the following:
dtparam=i2c_arm=on,i2c_arm_baudrate=400000
  • Boot, connect to the internet and run the following
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install hostapd dhcpcd dnsmasq i2c-tools
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd && sudo systemctl enable hostapd
  • Run raspi-config and enable spi, camera...

Configure WiFi network broadcast

  • Create WiFi hotspot: create a file called /etc/hostadp/hostapd.conf
country_code=FR
interface=wlan0
ssid=<SSID>
hw_mode=g
channel=7
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=<password>
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
wpa_group_rekey=86400
  • Create DNS server: append to /etc/dnsmasq.conf
interface=wlan0
	dhcp-range=192.168.6.3,192.168.6.20,255.255.255.0,24h
  • Give RPi an address in WiFi, and ethernet fallback: append to /etc/dhcpcd.conf
profile static_eth0
static ip_address=172.16.0.142/21
static routers=172.16.0.1
static domain_name_servers=172.16.0.1 8.8.8.8

# fallback to static profile on eth0
interface eth0
fallback static_eth0

interface wlan0
    static ip_address=192.168.6.2/24
    nohook wpa_supplicant

  • Edit the file /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/hostapd.service to add a small delay: ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 1

  • Use raspi-config Localization options to set WLAN country

Minimal desktop environment to run GTK app

This follows the tutorial found at: https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?f=66&t=133691#p890408

This install Xorg and RPD stripped.

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xserver-xorg xinit
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends raspberrypi-ui-mods lxsession

Rotate screen

Add to /boot/config.txt:

display_lcd_rotate=2
lcd_rotate=2

First line is for screen display, second for touchscreen coordinates ; 2 = 180deg

Prevent screensaver

Make sure not to use ssh -X, else the wrong xserver will be used (i.e. screensaver on PC not on raspi)

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ DISPLAY=:0 xset s 0 0
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ DISPLAY=:0 xset s off
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ DISPLAY=:0 xset -dpms

To check: DISPLAY=:0 xset q should show

` Screen Saver: prefer blanking: yes allow exposures: yes timeout: 0 cycle: 0

DPMS (Energy Star): Standby: 600 Suspend: 600 Off: 600 DPMS is Disabled

`

Enable automatic login

Use raspi-config, go to System Options / Boot / Auto Login and select the corresponding option

Create disk image

Shrink partition

Mount the SD card to a PC, then shrink following instructions from https://access.redhat.com/articles/1196333

First, shrink the filesystem as much as possible:

sudo e4defrag /dev/sda2

sudo umount /dev/sda2
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda2
sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2 -M

Then shrink the partition - using disk GUI or manually:

sudo fdisk /dev/sda
  p -> find line_number
  d line_number
  n
    p
    Set start sector to be the same as before
    Set end sector to (blockcount + 1) * blocksize
  w

Create image

sudo dd bs=512 if=/dev/sda status=progress count=<fdisk -l => end + 1> | gzip --fast > output.gz

Apply image

sudo gzip -dc output.gz | dd bs=512 of=/dev/sdb

Use raspi-config to resize partititon to fill full SD card.

Sharing internet over Wifi

  • On raspberry: sudo route add default gw 172.16.0.1
  • On PC with IP 172.16.0.1
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -A FORWARD -i enp2s0 -o wlp0s20f3 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i wlp0s20f3 -o enp2s0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlp0s20f3 -j MASQUERADE