main.tex

%% This is file `elsarticle-template-1-num.tex',
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%% Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd
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%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
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%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version.  The latest version of this license is in
%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
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%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
%% with numbered style bibliographic references
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%% $Id: elsarticle-template-1-num.tex 149 2009-10-08 05:01:15Z rishi $
%% $URL: http://lenova.river-valley.com/svn/elsbst/trunk/elsarticle-template-1-num.tex $
%%
\documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%%\documentclass[preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
%\usepackage[a4paper, total={6in, 8in}]{geometry}
%\usepackage{todonotes}
%\usepackage{wrapfig}
%\usepackage{soul}
%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
%% \documentclass[preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
%% for a journal layout:
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% The graphicx package provides the includegraphics command.
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{comment}
\usepackage{hyperref}
%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage[symbol]{footmisc}
\usepackage{color, soul}
\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}
\newtcolorbox{highlighted}{colback=yellow,breakable}



\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
%% \usepackage{amsthm}

%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
%% for the whole article with \linenumbers after \end{frontmatter}.
%\usepackage{lineno}


%% natbib.sty is loaded by default. However, natbib options can be
%% provided with \biboptions{...} command. Following options are
%% valid:

%%   round  -  round parentheses are used (default)
%%   square -  square brackets are used   [option]
%%   curly  -  curly braces are used      {option}
%%   angle  -  angle brackets are used    <option>
%%   semicolon  -  multiple citations separated by semi-colon
%%   colon  - same as semicolon, an earlier confusion
%%   comma  -  separated by comma
%%   numbers-  selects numerical citations
%%   super  -  numerical citations as superscripts
%%   sort   -  sorts multiple citations according to order in ref. list
%%   sort&compress   -  like sort, but also compresses numerical citations
%%   compress - compresses without sorting
%%
%% \biboptions{comma,round}

\biboptions{super}



\journal{Joule}

\begin{document}

\begin{frontmatter}

%% Title, authors and addresses

\title{Prospects and Challenges for Solar Fertilizers}

%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
%% use the tnotetext command for the associated footnote;
%% use the fnref command within \author or \address for footnotes;
%% use the fntext command for the associated footnote;
%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
%% use the cortext command for the associated footnote;
%% use the ead command for the email address,
%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
%%
%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
%% \ead{email address}
%% \ead[url]{home page}
%% \fntext[label2]{}
%% \cortext[cor1]{}
%% \address{Address\fnref{label3}}
%% \fntext[label3]{}


%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
%% \author[label1,label2]{<author name>}
%% \address[label1]{<address>}
%% \address[label2]{<address>}

\author[GTChBE]{Benjamin M. Comer}
\author[IFDC]{Porfirio Fuentes}
\author[IFDC]{Christian O. Dimkpa}
\author[GTEE]{Yu-Hsuan Liu}
\author[GTME]{Carlos Fernandez}
\author[GTChBE]{Pratham Arora}
\author[GTChBE]{Matthew Realff}
\author[IFDC]{Upendra Singh}
\author[GTME]{Marta C. Hatzell}
\author[GTChBE]{Andrew J. Medford}

\address[GTChBE]{School of Chemical \& Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318}

\address[GTME]{School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318}

\address[GTEE]{School of Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318}

\address[IFDC]{International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661}


\begin{abstract}

Using solar energy to convert triple bonded molecular di-nitrogen from the air into fixed nitrogen products that act as nutrients for plants presents an opportunity to develop ``solar fertilizers''. The approach has much in common with solar fuels and chemicals, but also has some unique advantages and challenges. The possibility of producing nitrogen fertilizers at a country's regional level may be able to effectively compete with existing technology by reducing the per unit cost of N nutrient production, removing or reducing transportation costs within or across international borders, and integrating with existing infrastructure. Furthermore, solar fertilizer technologies can reduce the energy and carbon footprint currently associated with the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. Deploying solar fertilizer technology in developing countries can also improve access to fertilizers for farmers in remote regions and help achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 of ending hunger and ensuring access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food by all people, in particular the poor. %This goal calls for crucial investments to increase agricultural productivity and for sustainable food production systems to help alleviate the perils of hunger. 
%and the goals from developing countries governments’ of increasing food security for their population.
However, there are also substantial challenges that must be overcome in identifying active catalytic materials and effectively integrating solar fertilizer processes with agricultural infrastructure. This paper outlines the agronomic considerations that drive the development of decentralized solar fertilizer production, and explores their implications on fertilizer prices with an emphasis on the developing world. The work also provides an overview of the technical strategies that may enable photo(electro)chemical fertilizer production processes, including the use of fertigation or production of enhanced biochar, and identifies some target metrics and testing considerations to promote efficient development of new fertilizer materials and processes.

\end{abstract}

\begin{keyword}
Ammonia \sep Nitrogen \sep Sustainability \sep Agronomics \sep Electrochemistry \sep Photocatalysis
%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword

%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)

\end{keyword}

\end{frontmatter}

%%
%% Start line numbering here if you want
%%
\linenumbers

\input{body.tex}

\bibliographystyle{elsevier}
\bibliography{refs_abr.bib}

%% Authors are advised to submit their bibtex database files. They are
%% requested to list a bibtex style file in the manuscript if they do
%% not want to use model1-num-names.bst.

%% References without bibTeX database:

% \begin{thebibliography}{00}

%% \bibitem must have the following form:
%%   \bibitem{key}...
%%

% \bibitem{}

% \end{thebibliography}


\end{document}