engine.go

// Copyright 2015 The Xorm Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package xorm

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"xorm.io/xorm/caches"
	"xorm.io/xorm/core"
	"xorm.io/xorm/dialects"
	"xorm.io/xorm/internal/utils"
	"xorm.io/xorm/log"
	"xorm.io/xorm/names"
	"xorm.io/xorm/schemas"
	"xorm.io/xorm/tags"
)

// Engine is the major struct of xorm, it means a database manager.
// Commonly, an application only need one engine
type Engine struct {
	cacherMgr      *caches.Manager
	defaultContext context.Context
	dialect        dialects.Dialect
	engineGroup    *EngineGroup
	logger         log.ContextLogger
	tagParser      *tags.Parser
	db             *core.DB

	driverName     string
	dataSourceName string

	TZLocation *time.Location // The timezone of the application
	DatabaseTZ *time.Location // The timezone of the database
}

func (engine *Engine) SetCacher(tableName string, cacher caches.Cacher) {
	engine.cacherMgr.SetCacher(tableName, cacher)
}

func (engine *Engine) GetCacher(tableName string) caches.Cacher {
	return engine.cacherMgr.GetCacher(tableName)
}

func (engine *Engine) SetQuotePolicy(quotePolicy dialects.QuotePolicy) {
	engine.dialect.SetQuotePolicy(quotePolicy)
}

// BufferSize sets buffer size for iterate
func (engine *Engine) BufferSize(size int) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.BufferSize(size)
}

// ShowSQL show SQL statement or not on logger if log level is great than INFO
func (engine *Engine) ShowSQL(show ...bool) {
	engine.logger.ShowSQL(show...)
	engine.DB().Logger = engine.logger
}

// Logger return the logger interface
func (engine *Engine) Logger() log.ContextLogger {
	return engine.logger
}

// SetLogger set the new logger
func (engine *Engine) SetLogger(logger interface{}) {
	var realLogger log.ContextLogger
	switch t := logger.(type) {
	case log.Logger:
		realLogger = log.NewLoggerAdapter(t)
	case log.ContextLogger:
		realLogger = t
	}
	engine.logger = realLogger
	engine.DB().Logger = realLogger
}

// SetLogLevel sets the logger level
func (engine *Engine) SetLogLevel(level log.LogLevel) {
	engine.logger.SetLevel(level)
}

// SetDisableGlobalCache disable global cache or not
func (engine *Engine) SetDisableGlobalCache(disable bool) {
	engine.cacherMgr.SetDisableGlobalCache(disable)
}

// DriverName return the current sql driver's name
func (engine *Engine) DriverName() string {
	return engine.driverName
}

// DataSourceName return the current connection string
func (engine *Engine) DataSourceName() string {
	return engine.dataSourceName
}

// SetMapper set the name mapping rules
func (engine *Engine) SetMapper(mapper names.Mapper) {
	engine.SetTableMapper(mapper)
	engine.SetColumnMapper(mapper)
}

// SetTableMapper set the table name mapping rule
func (engine *Engine) SetTableMapper(mapper names.Mapper) {
	engine.tagParser.SetTableMapper(mapper)
}

// SetColumnMapper set the column name mapping rule
func (engine *Engine) SetColumnMapper(mapper names.Mapper) {
	engine.tagParser.SetColumnMapper(mapper)
}

// Quote Use QuoteStr quote the string sql
func (engine *Engine) Quote(value string) string {
	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
	if len(value) == 0 {
		return value
	}

	buf := strings.Builder{}
	engine.QuoteTo(&buf, value)

	return buf.String()
}

// QuoteTo quotes string and writes into the buffer
func (engine *Engine) QuoteTo(buf *strings.Builder, value string) {
	if buf == nil {
		return
	}

	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
	if value == "" {
		return
	}
	engine.dialect.Quoter().QuoteTo(buf, value)
}

// SQLType A simple wrapper to dialect's core.SqlType method
func (engine *Engine) SQLType(c *schemas.Column) string {
	return engine.dialect.SQLType(c)
}

// AutoIncrStr Database's autoincrement statement
func (engine *Engine) AutoIncrStr() string {
	return engine.dialect.AutoIncrStr()
}

// SetConnMaxLifetime sets the maximum amount of time a connection may be reused.
func (engine *Engine) SetConnMaxLifetime(d time.Duration) {
	engine.DB().SetConnMaxLifetime(d)
}

// SetMaxOpenConns is only available for go 1.2+
func (engine *Engine) SetMaxOpenConns(conns int) {
	engine.DB().SetMaxOpenConns(conns)
}

// SetMaxIdleConns set the max idle connections on pool, default is 2
func (engine *Engine) SetMaxIdleConns(conns int) {
	engine.DB().SetMaxIdleConns(conns)
}

// SetDefaultCacher set the default cacher. Xorm's default not enable cacher.
func (engine *Engine) SetDefaultCacher(cacher caches.Cacher) {
	engine.cacherMgr.SetDefaultCacher(cacher)
}

// GetDefaultCacher returns the default cacher
func (engine *Engine) GetDefaultCacher() caches.Cacher {
	return engine.cacherMgr.GetDefaultCacher()
}

// NoCache If you has set default cacher, and you want temporilly stop use cache,
// you can use NoCache()
func (engine *Engine) NoCache() *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.NoCache()
}

// NoCascade If you do not want to auto cascade load object
func (engine *Engine) NoCascade() *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.NoCascade()
}

// MapCacher Set a table use a special cacher
func (engine *Engine) MapCacher(bean interface{}, cacher caches.Cacher) error {
	engine.SetCacher(dialects.FullTableName(engine.dialect, engine.GetTableMapper(), bean, true), cacher)
	return nil
}

// NewDB provides an interface to operate database directly
func (engine *Engine) NewDB() (*core.DB, error) {
	return core.Open(engine.driverName, engine.dataSourceName)
}

// DB return the wrapper of sql.DB
func (engine *Engine) DB() *core.DB {
	return engine.db
}

// Dialect return database dialect
func (engine *Engine) Dialect() dialects.Dialect {
	return engine.dialect
}

// NewSession New a session
func (engine *Engine) NewSession() *Session {
	session := &Session{engine: engine}
	session.Init()
	return session
}

// Close the engine
func (engine *Engine) Close() error {
	return engine.DB().Close()
}

// Ping tests if database is alive
func (engine *Engine) Ping() error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Ping()
}

// SQL method let's you manually write raw SQL and operate
// For example:
//
//         engine.SQL("select * from user").Find(&users)
//
// This    code will execute "select * from user" and set the records to users
func (engine *Engine) SQL(query interface{}, args ...interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.SQL(query, args...)
}

// NoAutoTime Default if your struct has "created" or "updated" filed tag, the fields
// will automatically be filled with current time when Insert or Update
// invoked. Call NoAutoTime if you dont' want to fill automatically.
func (engine *Engine) NoAutoTime() *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.NoAutoTime()
}

// NoAutoCondition disable auto generate Where condition from bean or not
func (engine *Engine) NoAutoCondition(no ...bool) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.NoAutoCondition(no...)
}

func (engine *Engine) loadTableInfo(table *schemas.Table) error {
	colSeq, cols, err := engine.dialect.GetColumns(engine.db, engine.defaultContext, table.Name)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, name := range colSeq {
		table.AddColumn(cols[name])
	}
	indexes, err := engine.dialect.GetIndexes(engine.db, engine.defaultContext, table.Name)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	table.Indexes = indexes

	var seq int
	for _, index := range indexes {
		for _, name := range index.Cols {
			parts := strings.Split(name, " ")
			if len(parts) > 1 {
				if parts[1] == "DESC" {
					seq = 1
				}
			}
			if col := table.GetColumn(parts[0]); col != nil {
				col.Indexes[index.Name] = index.Type
			} else {
				return fmt.Errorf("Unknown col %s seq %d, in index %v of table %v, columns %v", name, seq, index.Name, table.Name, table.ColumnsSeq())
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// DBMetas Retrieve all tables, columns, indexes' informations from database.
func (engine *Engine) DBMetas() ([]*schemas.Table, error) {
	tables, err := engine.dialect.GetTables(engine.db, engine.defaultContext)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	for _, table := range tables {
		if err = engine.loadTableInfo(table); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return tables, nil
}

// DumpAllToFile dump database all table structs and data to a file
func (engine *Engine) DumpAllToFile(fp string, tp ...schemas.DBType) error {
	f, err := os.Create(fp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer f.Close()
	return engine.DumpAll(f, tp...)
}

// DumpAll dump database all table structs and data to w
func (engine *Engine) DumpAll(w io.Writer, tp ...schemas.DBType) error {
	tables, err := engine.DBMetas()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return engine.DumpTables(tables, w, tp...)
}

// DumpTablesToFile dump specified tables to SQL file.
func (engine *Engine) DumpTablesToFile(tables []*schemas.Table, fp string, tp ...schemas.DBType) error {
	f, err := os.Create(fp)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer f.Close()
	return engine.DumpTables(tables, f, tp...)
}

// DumpTables dump specify tables to io.Writer
func (engine *Engine) DumpTables(tables []*schemas.Table, w io.Writer, tp ...schemas.DBType) error {
	return engine.dumpTables(tables, w, tp...)
}

// dumpTables dump database all table structs and data to w with specify db type
func (engine *Engine) dumpTables(tables []*schemas.Table, w io.Writer, tp ...schemas.DBType) error {
	var dstDialect dialects.Dialect
	if len(tp) == 0 {
		dstDialect = engine.dialect
	} else {
		dstDialect = dialects.QueryDialect(tp[0])
		if dstDialect == nil {
			return errors.New("Unsupported database type")
		}

		uri := engine.dialect.URI()
		destURI := *uri
		dstDialect.Init(&destURI)
	}

	_, err := io.WriteString(w, fmt.Sprintf("/*Generated by xorm %s, from %s to %s*/\n\n",
		time.Now().In(engine.TZLocation).Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"), engine.dialect.URI().DBType, dstDialect.URI().DBType))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for i, table := range tables {
		tableName := table.Name
		if dstDialect.URI().Schema != "" {
			tableName = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", dstDialect.URI().Schema, table.Name)
		}
		originalTableName := table.Name
		if engine.dialect.URI().Schema != "" {
			originalTableName = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", engine.dialect.URI().Schema, table.Name)
		}
		if i > 0 {
			_, err = io.WriteString(w, "\n")
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		sqls, _ := dstDialect.CreateTableSQL(table, tableName)
		for _, s := range sqls {
			_, err = io.WriteString(w, s+";\n")
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		if len(table.PKColumns()) > 0 && dstDialect.URI().DBType == schemas.MSSQL {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "SET IDENTITY_INSERT [%s] ON;\n", table.Name)
		}

		for _, index := range table.Indexes {
			_, err = io.WriteString(w, dstDialect.CreateIndexSQL(table.Name, index)+";\n")
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		cols := table.ColumnsSeq()
		colNames := engine.dialect.Quoter().Join(cols, ", ")
		destColNames := dstDialect.Quoter().Join(cols, ", ")

		rows, err := engine.DB().QueryContext(engine.defaultContext, "SELECT "+colNames+" FROM "+engine.Quote(originalTableName))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer rows.Close()

		for rows.Next() {
			dest := make([]interface{}, len(cols))
			err = rows.ScanSlice(&dest)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			_, err = io.WriteString(w, "INSERT INTO "+dstDialect.Quoter().Quote(tableName)+" ("+destColNames+") VALUES (")
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			var temp string
			for i, d := range dest {
				col := table.GetColumn(cols[i])
				if col == nil {
					return errors.New("unknow column error")
				}

				if d == nil {
					temp += ", NULL"
				} else if col.SQLType.IsText() || col.SQLType.IsTime() {
					var v = fmt.Sprintf("%s", d)
					if strings.HasSuffix(v, " +0000 UTC") {
						temp += fmt.Sprintf(", '%s'", v[0:len(v)-len(" +0000 UTC")])
					} else {
						temp += ", '" + strings.Replace(v, "'", "''", -1) + "'"
					}
				} else if col.SQLType.IsBlob() {
					if reflect.TypeOf(d).Kind() == reflect.Slice {
						temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %s", dstDialect.FormatBytes(d.([]byte)))
					} else if reflect.TypeOf(d).Kind() == reflect.String {
						temp += fmt.Sprintf(", '%s'", d.(string))
					}
				} else if col.SQLType.IsNumeric() {
					switch reflect.TypeOf(d).Kind() {
					case reflect.Slice:
						if col.SQLType.Name == schemas.Bool {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %v", strconv.FormatBool(d.([]byte)[0] != byte('0')))
						} else {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %s", string(d.([]byte)))
						}
					case reflect.Int16, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Int:
						if col.SQLType.Name == schemas.Bool {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %v", strconv.FormatBool(reflect.ValueOf(d).Int() > 0))
						} else {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %v", d)
						}
					case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
						if col.SQLType.Name == schemas.Bool {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %v", strconv.FormatBool(reflect.ValueOf(d).Uint() > 0))
						} else {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %v", d)
						}
					default:
						temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %v", d)
					}
				} else {
					s := fmt.Sprintf("%v", d)
					if strings.Contains(s, ":") || strings.Contains(s, "-") {
						if strings.HasSuffix(s, " +0000 UTC") {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", '%s'", s[0:len(s)-len(" +0000 UTC")])
						} else {
							temp += fmt.Sprintf(", '%s'", s)
						}
					} else {
						temp += fmt.Sprintf(", %s", s)
					}
				}
			}
			_, err = io.WriteString(w, temp[2:]+");\n")
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		// FIXME: Hack for postgres
		if dstDialect.URI().DBType == schemas.POSTGRES && table.AutoIncrColumn() != nil {
			_, err = io.WriteString(w, "SELECT setval('"+tableName+"_id_seq', COALESCE((SELECT MAX("+table.AutoIncrColumn().Name+") + 1 FROM "+dstDialect.Quoter().Quote(tableName)+"), 1), false);\n")
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Cascade use cascade or not
func (engine *Engine) Cascade(trueOrFalse ...bool) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Cascade(trueOrFalse...)
}

// Where method provide a condition query
func (engine *Engine) Where(query interface{}, args ...interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Where(query, args...)
}

// ID method provoide a condition as (id) = ?
func (engine *Engine) ID(id interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.ID(id)
}

// Before apply before Processor, affected bean is passed to closure arg
func (engine *Engine) Before(closures func(interface{})) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Before(closures)
}

// After apply after insert Processor, affected bean is passed to closure arg
func (engine *Engine) After(closures func(interface{})) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.After(closures)
}

// Charset set charset when create table, only support mysql now
func (engine *Engine) Charset(charset string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Charset(charset)
}

// StoreEngine set store engine when create table, only support mysql now
func (engine *Engine) StoreEngine(storeEngine string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.StoreEngine(storeEngine)
}

// Distinct use for distinct columns. Caution: when you are using cache,
// distinct will not be cached because cache system need id,
// but distinct will not provide id
func (engine *Engine) Distinct(columns ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Distinct(columns...)
}

// Select customerize your select columns or contents
func (engine *Engine) Select(str string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Select(str)
}

// Cols only use the parameters as select or update columns
func (engine *Engine) Cols(columns ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Cols(columns...)
}

// AllCols indicates that all columns should be use
func (engine *Engine) AllCols() *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.AllCols()
}

// MustCols specify some columns must use even if they are empty
func (engine *Engine) MustCols(columns ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.MustCols(columns...)
}

// UseBool xorm automatically retrieve condition according struct, but
// if struct has bool field, it will ignore them. So use UseBool
// to tell system to do not ignore them.
// If no parameters, it will use all the bool field of struct, or
// it will use parameters's columns
func (engine *Engine) UseBool(columns ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.UseBool(columns...)
}

// Omit only not use the parameters as select or update columns
func (engine *Engine) Omit(columns ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Omit(columns...)
}

// Nullable set null when column is zero-value and nullable for update
func (engine *Engine) Nullable(columns ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Nullable(columns...)
}

// In will generate "column IN (?, ?)"
func (engine *Engine) In(column string, args ...interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.In(column, args...)
}

// NotIn will generate "column NOT IN (?, ?)"
func (engine *Engine) NotIn(column string, args ...interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.NotIn(column, args...)
}

// Incr provides a update string like "column = column + ?"
func (engine *Engine) Incr(column string, arg ...interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Incr(column, arg...)
}

// Decr provides a update string like "column = column - ?"
func (engine *Engine) Decr(column string, arg ...interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Decr(column, arg...)
}

// SetExpr provides a update string like "column = {expression}"
func (engine *Engine) SetExpr(column string, expression interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.SetExpr(column, expression)
}

// Table temporarily change the Get, Find, Update's table
func (engine *Engine) Table(tableNameOrBean interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Table(tableNameOrBean)
}

// Alias set the table alias
func (engine *Engine) Alias(alias string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Alias(alias)
}

// Limit will generate "LIMIT start, limit"
func (engine *Engine) Limit(limit int, start ...int) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Limit(limit, start...)
}

// Desc will generate "ORDER BY column1 DESC, column2 DESC"
func (engine *Engine) Desc(colNames ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Desc(colNames...)
}

// Asc will generate "ORDER BY column1,column2 Asc"
// This method can chainable use.
//
//        engine.Desc("name").Asc("age").Find(&users)
//        // SELECT * FROM user ORDER BY name DESC, age ASC
//
func (engine *Engine) Asc(colNames ...string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Asc(colNames...)
}

// OrderBy will generate "ORDER BY order"
func (engine *Engine) OrderBy(order string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.OrderBy(order)
}

// Prepare enables prepare statement
func (engine *Engine) Prepare() *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Prepare()
}

// Join the join_operator should be one of INNER, LEFT OUTER, CROSS etc - this will be prepended to JOIN
func (engine *Engine) Join(joinOperator string, tablename interface{}, condition string, args ...interface{}) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Join(joinOperator, tablename, condition, args...)
}

// GroupBy generate group by statement
func (engine *Engine) GroupBy(keys string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.GroupBy(keys)
}

// Having generate having statement
func (engine *Engine) Having(conditions string) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Having(conditions)
}

// Table table struct
type Table struct {
	*schemas.Table
	Name string
}

// IsValid if table is valid
func (t *Table) IsValid() bool {
	return t.Table != nil && len(t.Name) > 0
}

// TableInfo get table info according to bean's content
func (engine *Engine) TableInfo(bean interface{}) (*schemas.Table, error) {
	v := utils.ReflectValue(bean)
	return engine.tagParser.ParseWithCache(v)
}

// IsTableEmpty if a table has any reocrd
func (engine *Engine) IsTableEmpty(bean interface{}) (bool, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.IsTableEmpty(bean)
}

// IsTableExist if a table is exist
func (engine *Engine) IsTableExist(beanOrTableName interface{}) (bool, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.IsTableExist(beanOrTableName)
}

// IDOf get id from one struct
func (engine *Engine) IDOf(bean interface{}) (schemas.PK, error) {
	return engine.IDOfV(reflect.ValueOf(bean))
}

// TableName returns table name with schema prefix if has
func (engine *Engine) TableName(bean interface{}, includeSchema ...bool) string {
	return dialects.FullTableName(engine.dialect, engine.GetTableMapper(), bean, includeSchema...)
}

// IDOfV get id from one value of struct
func (engine *Engine) IDOfV(rv reflect.Value) (schemas.PK, error) {
	return engine.idOfV(rv)
}

func (engine *Engine) idOfV(rv reflect.Value) (schemas.PK, error) {
	v := reflect.Indirect(rv)
	table, err := engine.tagParser.ParseWithCache(v)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	pk := make([]interface{}, len(table.PrimaryKeys))
	for i, col := range table.PKColumns() {
		var err error

		fieldName := col.FieldName
		for {
			parts := strings.SplitN(fieldName, ".", 2)
			if len(parts) == 1 {
				break
			}

			v = v.FieldByName(parts[0])
			if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
				v = v.Elem()
			}
			if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
				return nil, ErrUnSupportedType
			}
			fieldName = parts[1]
		}

		pkField := v.FieldByName(fieldName)
		switch pkField.Kind() {
		case reflect.String:
			pk[i], err = engine.idTypeAssertion(col, pkField.String())
		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
			pk[i], err = engine.idTypeAssertion(col, strconv.FormatInt(pkField.Int(), 10))
		case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
			// id of uint will be converted to int64
			pk[i], err = engine.idTypeAssertion(col, strconv.FormatUint(pkField.Uint(), 10))
		}

		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return schemas.PK(pk), nil
}

func (engine *Engine) idTypeAssertion(col *schemas.Column, sid string) (interface{}, error) {
	if col.SQLType.IsNumeric() {
		n, err := strconv.ParseInt(sid, 10, 64)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return n, nil
	} else if col.SQLType.IsText() {
		return sid, nil
	} else {
		return nil, errors.New("not supported")
	}
}

// CreateIndexes create indexes
func (engine *Engine) CreateIndexes(bean interface{}) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.CreateIndexes(bean)
}

// CreateUniques create uniques
func (engine *Engine) CreateUniques(bean interface{}) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.CreateUniques(bean)
}

// ClearCacheBean if enabled cache, clear the cache bean
func (engine *Engine) ClearCacheBean(bean interface{}, id string) error {
	tableName := dialects.FullTableName(engine.dialect, engine.GetTableMapper(), bean)
	cacher := engine.GetCacher(tableName)
	if cacher != nil {
		cacher.ClearIds(tableName)
		cacher.DelBean(tableName, id)
	}
	return nil
}

// ClearCache if enabled cache, clear some tables' cache
func (engine *Engine) ClearCache(beans ...interface{}) error {
	for _, bean := range beans {
		tableName := dialects.FullTableName(engine.dialect, engine.GetTableMapper(), bean)
		cacher := engine.GetCacher(tableName)
		if cacher != nil {
			cacher.ClearIds(tableName)
			cacher.ClearBeans(tableName)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// UnMapType remove table from tables cache
func (engine *Engine) UnMapType(t reflect.Type) {
	engine.tagParser.ClearCacheTable(t)
}

// Sync the new struct changes to database, this method will automatically add
// table, column, index, unique. but will not delete or change anything.
// If you change some field, you should change the database manually.
func (engine *Engine) Sync(beans ...interface{}) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()

	for _, bean := range beans {
		v := utils.ReflectValue(bean)
		tableNameNoSchema := dialects.FullTableName(engine.dialect, engine.GetTableMapper(), bean)
		table, err := engine.tagParser.ParseWithCache(v)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		isExist, err := session.Table(bean).isTableExist(tableNameNoSchema)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if !isExist {
			err = session.createTable(bean)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		/*isEmpty, err := engine.IsEmptyTable(bean)
		  if err != nil {
		      return err
		  }*/
		var isEmpty bool
		if isEmpty {
			err = session.dropTable(bean)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			err = session.createTable(bean)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		} else {
			for _, col := range table.Columns() {
				isExist, err := engine.dialect.IsColumnExist(engine.db, session.ctx, tableNameNoSchema, col.Name)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				if !isExist {
					if err := session.statement.SetRefBean(bean); err != nil {
						return err
					}
					err = session.addColumn(col.Name)
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}
				}
			}

			for name, index := range table.Indexes {
				if err := session.statement.SetRefBean(bean); err != nil {
					return err
				}
				if index.Type == schemas.UniqueType {
					isExist, err := session.isIndexExist2(tableNameNoSchema, index.Cols, true)
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}
					if !isExist {
						if err := session.statement.SetRefBean(bean); err != nil {
							return err
						}

						err = session.addUnique(tableNameNoSchema, name)
						if err != nil {
							return err
						}
					}
				} else if index.Type == schemas.IndexType {
					isExist, err := session.isIndexExist2(tableNameNoSchema, index.Cols, false)
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}
					if !isExist {
						if err := session.statement.SetRefBean(bean); err != nil {
							return err
						}

						err = session.addIndex(tableNameNoSchema, name)
						if err != nil {
							return err
						}
					}
				} else {
					return errors.New("unknow index type")
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Sync2 synchronize structs to database tables
func (engine *Engine) Sync2(beans ...interface{}) error {
	s := engine.NewSession()
	defer s.Close()
	return s.Sync2(beans...)
}

// CreateTables create tabls according bean
func (engine *Engine) CreateTables(beans ...interface{}) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()

	err := session.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, bean := range beans {
		err = session.createTable(bean)
		if err != nil {
			session.Rollback()
			return err
		}
	}
	return session.Commit()
}

// DropTables drop specify tables
func (engine *Engine) DropTables(beans ...interface{}) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()

	err := session.Begin()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, bean := range beans {
		err = session.dropTable(bean)
		if err != nil {
			session.Rollback()
			return err
		}
	}
	return session.Commit()
}

// DropIndexes drop indexes of a table
func (engine *Engine) DropIndexes(bean interface{}) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.DropIndexes(bean)
}

// Exec raw sql
func (engine *Engine) Exec(sqlOrArgs ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Exec(sqlOrArgs...)
}

// Query a raw sql and return records as []map[string][]byte
func (engine *Engine) Query(sqlOrArgs ...interface{}) (resultsSlice []map[string][]byte, err error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Query(sqlOrArgs...)
}

// QueryString runs a raw sql and return records as []map[string]string
func (engine *Engine) QueryString(sqlOrArgs ...interface{}) ([]map[string]string, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.QueryString(sqlOrArgs...)
}

// QueryInterface runs a raw sql and return records as []map[string]interface{}
func (engine *Engine) QueryInterface(sqlOrArgs ...interface{}) ([]map[string]interface{}, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.QueryInterface(sqlOrArgs...)
}

// Insert one or more records
func (engine *Engine) Insert(beans ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Insert(beans...)
}

// InsertOne insert only one record
func (engine *Engine) InsertOne(bean interface{}) (int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.InsertOne(bean)
}

// Update records, bean's non-empty fields are updated contents,
// condiBean' non-empty filds are conditions
// CAUTION:
//        1.bool will defaultly be updated content nor conditions
//         You should call UseBool if you have bool to use.
//        2.float32 & float64 may be not inexact as conditions
func (engine *Engine) Update(bean interface{}, condiBeans ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Update(bean, condiBeans...)
}

// Delete records, bean's non-empty fields are conditions
func (engine *Engine) Delete(bean interface{}) (int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Delete(bean)
}

// Get retrieve one record from table, bean's non-empty fields
// are conditions
func (engine *Engine) Get(bean interface{}) (bool, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Get(bean)
}

// Exist returns true if the record exist otherwise return false
func (engine *Engine) Exist(bean ...interface{}) (bool, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Exist(bean...)
}

// Find retrieve records from table, condiBeans's non-empty fields
// are conditions. beans could be []Struct, []*Struct, map[int64]Struct
// map[int64]*Struct
func (engine *Engine) Find(beans interface{}, condiBeans ...interface{}) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Find(beans, condiBeans...)
}

// FindAndCount find the results and also return the counts
func (engine *Engine) FindAndCount(rowsSlicePtr interface{}, condiBean ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.FindAndCount(rowsSlicePtr, condiBean...)
}

// Iterate record by record handle records from table, bean's non-empty fields
// are conditions.
func (engine *Engine) Iterate(bean interface{}, fun IterFunc) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Iterate(bean, fun)
}

// Rows return sql.Rows compatible Rows obj, as a forward Iterator object for iterating record by record, bean's non-empty fields
// are conditions.
func (engine *Engine) Rows(bean interface{}) (*Rows, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	return session.Rows(bean)
}

// Count counts the records. bean's non-empty fields are conditions.
func (engine *Engine) Count(bean ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Count(bean...)
}

// Sum sum the records by some column. bean's non-empty fields are conditions.
func (engine *Engine) Sum(bean interface{}, colName string) (float64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Sum(bean, colName)
}

// SumInt sum the records by some column. bean's non-empty fields are conditions.
func (engine *Engine) SumInt(bean interface{}, colName string) (int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.SumInt(bean, colName)
}

// Sums sum the records by some columns. bean's non-empty fields are conditions.
func (engine *Engine) Sums(bean interface{}, colNames ...string) ([]float64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Sums(bean, colNames...)
}

// SumsInt like Sums but return slice of int64 instead of float64.
func (engine *Engine) SumsInt(bean interface{}, colNames ...string) ([]int64, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.SumsInt(bean, colNames...)
}

// ImportFile SQL DDL file
func (engine *Engine) ImportFile(ddlPath string) ([]sql.Result, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.ImportFile(ddlPath)
}

// Import SQL DDL from io.Reader
func (engine *Engine) Import(r io.Reader) ([]sql.Result, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.Import(r)
}

// nowTime return current time
func (engine *Engine) nowTime(col *schemas.Column) (interface{}, time.Time) {
	t := time.Now()
	var tz = engine.DatabaseTZ
	if !col.DisableTimeZone && col.TimeZone != nil {
		tz = col.TimeZone
	}
	return dialects.FormatTime(engine.dialect, col.SQLType.Name, t.In(tz)), t.In(engine.TZLocation)
}

// GetColumnMapper returns the column name mapper
func (engine *Engine) GetColumnMapper() names.Mapper {
	return engine.tagParser.GetColumnMapper()
}

// GetTableMapper returns the table name mapper
func (engine *Engine) GetTableMapper() names.Mapper {
	return engine.tagParser.GetTableMapper()
}

// GetTZLocation returns time zone of the application
func (engine *Engine) GetTZLocation() *time.Location {
	return engine.TZLocation
}

// SetTZLocation sets time zone of the application
func (engine *Engine) SetTZLocation(tz *time.Location) {
	engine.TZLocation = tz
}

// GetTZDatabase returns time zone of the database
func (engine *Engine) GetTZDatabase() *time.Location {
	return engine.DatabaseTZ
}

// SetTZDatabase sets time zone of the database
func (engine *Engine) SetTZDatabase(tz *time.Location) {
	engine.DatabaseTZ = tz
}

// SetSchema sets the schema of database
func (engine *Engine) SetSchema(schema string) {
	engine.dialect.URI().SetSchema(schema)
}

// Unscoped always disable struct tag "deleted"
func (engine *Engine) Unscoped() *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Unscoped()
}

func (engine *Engine) tbNameWithSchema(v string) string {
	return dialects.TableNameWithSchema(engine.dialect, v)
}

// Context creates a session with the context
func (engine *Engine) Context(ctx context.Context) *Session {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	session.isAutoClose = true
	return session.Context(ctx)
}

// SetDefaultContext set the default context
func (engine *Engine) SetDefaultContext(ctx context.Context) {
	engine.defaultContext = ctx
}

// PingContext tests if database is alive
func (engine *Engine) PingContext(ctx context.Context) error {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()
	return session.PingContext(ctx)
}

// Transaction Execute sql wrapped in a transaction(abbr as tx), tx will automatic commit if no errors occurred
func (engine *Engine) Transaction(f func(*Session) (interface{}, error)) (interface{}, error) {
	session := engine.NewSession()
	defer session.Close()

	if err := session.Begin(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	result, err := f(session)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := session.Commit(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return result, nil
}