Template literal types for template literal expressions (#41891)

* Infer template literal types for template literal expressions

* Update test

* Update another test

* Accept new baselines

* Minor fixes

* Add tests

* Accept new baselines

* Make new TypeFlags internal

* Accept new API baselines

* Ensure template literals assignable to String, Object, {}, etc.

* Add tests

Author: ahejlsberg

Diff for: src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -13187,7 +13187,7 @@ namespace ts {
                 i--;
                 const t = types[i];
                 const remove =
-                    t.flags & TypeFlags.StringLiteral && includes & TypeFlags.String ||
+                    t.flags & TypeFlags.StringLikeLiteral && includes & TypeFlags.String ||
                     t.flags & TypeFlags.NumberLiteral && includes & TypeFlags.Number ||
                     t.flags & TypeFlags.BigIntLiteral && includes & TypeFlags.BigInt ||
                     t.flags & TypeFlags.UniqueESSymbol && includes & TypeFlags.ESSymbol ||
@@ -13234,7 +13234,7 @@ namespace ts {
                 }
                 switch (unionReduction) {
                     case UnionReduction.Literal:
-                        if (includes & (TypeFlags.Literal | TypeFlags.UniqueESSymbol)) {
+                        if (includes & (TypeFlags.FreshableLiteral | TypeFlags.UniqueESSymbol)) {
                             removeRedundantLiteralTypes(typeSet, includes);
                         }
                         if (includes & TypeFlags.StringLiteral && includes & TypeFlags.TemplateLiteral) {
@@ -13765,6 +13765,7 @@ namespace ts {
             let type = templateLiteralTypes.get(id);
             if (!type) {
                 templateLiteralTypes.set(id, type = createTemplateLiteralType(newTexts, newTypes));
+                type.regularType = type;
             }
             return type;
 
@@ -14803,26 +14804,28 @@ namespace ts {
         }
 
         function getFreshTypeOfLiteralType(type: Type): Type {
-            if (type.flags & TypeFlags.Literal) {
-                if (!(<LiteralType>type).freshType) {
-                    const freshType = createLiteralType(type.flags, (<LiteralType>type).value, (<LiteralType>type).symbol);
-                    freshType.regularType = <LiteralType>type;
+            if (type.flags & TypeFlags.FreshableLiteral) {
+                if (!(<FreshableLiteralType>type).freshType) {
+                    const freshType = type.flags & TypeFlags.TemplateLiteral ?
+                        createTemplateLiteralType((<TemplateLiteralType>type).texts, (<TemplateLiteralType>type).types) :
+                        createLiteralType(type.flags, (<LiteralType>type).value, (<LiteralType>type).symbol);
+                    freshType.regularType = <FreshableLiteralType>type;
                     freshType.freshType = freshType;
-                    (<LiteralType>type).freshType = freshType;
+                    (<FreshableLiteralType>type).freshType = freshType;
                 }
-                return (<LiteralType>type).freshType;
+                return (<FreshableLiteralType>type).freshType;
             }
             return type;
         }
 
         function getRegularTypeOfLiteralType(type: Type): Type {
-            return type.flags & TypeFlags.Literal ? (<LiteralType>type).regularType :
+            return type.flags & TypeFlags.FreshableLiteral ? (<FreshableLiteralType>type).regularType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.Union ? ((<UnionType>type).regularType || ((<UnionType>type).regularType = getUnionType(sameMap((<UnionType>type).types, getRegularTypeOfLiteralType)) as UnionType)) :
                 type;
         }
 
         function isFreshLiteralType(type: Type) {
-            return !!(type.flags & TypeFlags.Literal) && (<LiteralType>type).freshType === type;
+            return !!(type.flags & TypeFlags.FreshableLiteral) && (<FreshableLiteralType>type).freshType === type;
         }
 
         function getLiteralType(value: string): StringLiteralType;
@@ -17694,17 +17697,20 @@ namespace ts {
                     }
                 }
                 else if (source.flags & TypeFlags.TemplateLiteral) {
-                    if (target.flags & TypeFlags.TemplateLiteral &&
-                        (source as TemplateLiteralType).texts.length === (target as TemplateLiteralType).texts.length &&
-                        (source as TemplateLiteralType).types.length === (target as TemplateLiteralType).types.length &&
-                        every((source as TemplateLiteralType).texts, (t, i) => t === (target as TemplateLiteralType).texts[i]) &&
-                        every((instantiateType(source, makeFunctionTypeMapper(reportUnreliableMarkers)) as TemplateLiteralType).types, (t, i) => !!((target as TemplateLiteralType).types[i].flags & (TypeFlags.Any | TypeFlags.String)) || !!isRelatedTo(t, (target as TemplateLiteralType).types[i], /*reportErrors*/ false))) {
-                        return Ternary.True;
+                    if (target.flags & TypeFlags.TemplateLiteral) {
+                        if ((source as TemplateLiteralType).texts.length === (target as TemplateLiteralType).texts.length &&
+                            (source as TemplateLiteralType).types.length === (target as TemplateLiteralType).types.length &&
+                            every((source as TemplateLiteralType).texts, (t, i) => t === (target as TemplateLiteralType).texts[i]) &&
+                            every((instantiateType(source, makeFunctionTypeMapper(reportUnreliableMarkers)) as TemplateLiteralType).types, (t, i) => !!((target as TemplateLiteralType).types[i].flags & (TypeFlags.Any | TypeFlags.String)) || !!isRelatedTo(t, (target as TemplateLiteralType).types[i], /*reportErrors*/ false))) {
+                            return Ternary.True;
+                        }
                     }
-                    const constraint = getBaseConstraintOfType(source);
-                    if (constraint && constraint !== source && (result = isRelatedTo(constraint, target, reportErrors))) {
-                        resetErrorInfo(saveErrorInfo);
-                        return result;
+                    else {
+                        const constraint = getBaseConstraintOfType(source);
+                        if (result = isRelatedTo(constraint && constraint !== source ? constraint : stringType, target, reportErrors)) {
+                            resetErrorInfo(saveErrorInfo);
+                            return result;
+                        }
                     }
                 }
                 else if (source.flags & TypeFlags.StringMapping) {
@@ -19181,7 +19187,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
         function getBaseTypeOfLiteralType(type: Type): Type {
             return type.flags & TypeFlags.EnumLiteral ? getBaseTypeOfEnumLiteralType(<LiteralType>type) :
-                type.flags & TypeFlags.StringLiteral ? stringType :
+                type.flags & TypeFlags.StringLikeLiteral ? stringType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.NumberLiteral ? numberType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.BigIntLiteral ? bigintType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.BooleanLiteral ? booleanType :
@@ -19191,7 +19197,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
         function getWidenedLiteralType(type: Type): Type {
             return type.flags & TypeFlags.EnumLiteral && isFreshLiteralType(type) ? getBaseTypeOfEnumLiteralType(<LiteralType>type) :
-                type.flags & TypeFlags.StringLiteral && isFreshLiteralType(type) ? stringType :
+                type.flags & TypeFlags.StringLikeLiteral && isFreshLiteralType(type) ? stringType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.NumberLiteral && isFreshLiteralType(type) ? numberType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.BigIntLiteral && isFreshLiteralType(type) ? bigintType :
                 type.flags & TypeFlags.BooleanLiteral && isFreshLiteralType(type) ? booleanType :
@@ -20692,7 +20698,7 @@ namespace ts {
         }
 
         function isTypeOrBaseIdenticalTo(s: Type, t: Type) {
-            return isTypeIdenticalTo(s, t) || !!(t.flags & TypeFlags.String && s.flags & TypeFlags.StringLiteral || t.flags & TypeFlags.Number && s.flags & TypeFlags.NumberLiteral);
+            return isTypeIdenticalTo(s, t) || !!(t.flags & TypeFlags.String && s.flags & TypeFlags.StringLikeLiteral || t.flags & TypeFlags.Number && s.flags & TypeFlags.NumberLiteral);
         }
 
         function isTypeCloselyMatchedBy(s: Type, t: Type) {
@@ -30837,7 +30843,7 @@ namespace ts {
                 texts.push(span.literal.text);
                 types.push(isTypeAssignableTo(type, templateConstraintType) ? type : stringType);
             }
-            return isConstContext(node) ? getTemplateLiteralType(texts, types) : stringType;
+            return getFreshTypeOfLiteralType(getTemplateLiteralType(texts, types));
         }
 
         function getContextNode(node: Expression): Node {
@@ -30858,7 +30864,7 @@ namespace ts {
                 // We strip literal freshness when an appropriate contextual type is present such that contextually typed
                 // literals always preserve their literal types (otherwise they might widen during type inference). An alternative
                 // here would be to not mark contextually typed literals as fresh in the first place.
-                const result = maybeTypeOfKind(type, TypeFlags.Literal) && isLiteralOfContextualType(type, instantiateContextualType(contextualType, node)) ?
+                const result = maybeTypeOfKind(type, TypeFlags.FreshableLiteral) && isLiteralOfContextualType(type, instantiateContextualType(contextualType, node)) ?
                     getRegularTypeOfLiteralType(type) : type;
                 return result;
             }
@@ -30948,15 +30954,15 @@ namespace ts {
                     // this a literal context for literals of that primitive type. For example, given a
                     // type parameter 'T extends string', infer string literal types for T.
                     const constraint = getBaseConstraintOfType(contextualType) || unknownType;
-                    return maybeTypeOfKind(constraint, TypeFlags.String) && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.StringLiteral) ||
+                    return maybeTypeOfKind(constraint, TypeFlags.String) && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.StringLikeLiteral) ||
                         maybeTypeOfKind(constraint, TypeFlags.Number) && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.NumberLiteral) ||
                         maybeTypeOfKind(constraint, TypeFlags.BigInt) && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.BigIntLiteral) ||
                         maybeTypeOfKind(constraint, TypeFlags.ESSymbol) && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.UniqueESSymbol) ||
                         isLiteralOfContextualType(candidateType, constraint);
                 }
                 // If the contextual type is a literal of a particular primitive type, we consider this a
                 // literal context for all literals of that primitive type.
-                return !!(contextualType.flags & (TypeFlags.StringLiteral | TypeFlags.Index | TypeFlags.TemplateLiteral | TypeFlags.StringMapping) && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.StringLiteral) ||
+                return !!(contextualType.flags & (TypeFlags.StringLikeLiteral | TypeFlags.Index | TypeFlags.StringMapping) && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.StringLikeLiteral) ||
                     contextualType.flags & TypeFlags.NumberLiteral && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.NumberLiteral) ||
                     contextualType.flags & TypeFlags.BigIntLiteral && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.BigIntLiteral) ||
                     contextualType.flags & TypeFlags.BooleanLiteral && maybeTypeOfKind(candidateType, TypeFlags.BooleanLiteral) ||
@@ -38482,7 +38488,8 @@ namespace ts {
 
         function isLiteralConstDeclaration(node: VariableDeclaration | PropertyDeclaration | PropertySignature | ParameterDeclaration): boolean {
             if (isDeclarationReadonly(node) || isVariableDeclaration(node) && isVarConst(node)) {
-                return isFreshLiteralType(getTypeOfSymbol(getSymbolOfNode(node)));
+                const type = getTypeOfSymbol(getSymbolOfNode(node));
+                return !!(type.flags & TypeFlags.Literal) && isFreshLiteralType(type);
             }
             return false;
         }

Diff for: src/compiler/types.ts

@@ -4970,6 +4970,10 @@ namespace ts {
         Unit = Literal | UniqueESSymbol | Nullable,
         StringOrNumberLiteral = StringLiteral | NumberLiteral,
         /* @internal */
+        StringLikeLiteral = StringLiteral | TemplateLiteral,
+        /* @internal */
+        FreshableLiteral = Literal | TemplateLiteral,
+        /* @internal */
         StringOrNumberLiteralOrUnique = StringLiteral | NumberLiteral | UniqueESSymbol,
         /* @internal */
         DefinitelyFalsy = StringLiteral | NumberLiteral | BigIntLiteral | BooleanLiteral | Void | Undefined | Null,
@@ -5063,7 +5067,9 @@ namespace ts {
     }
 
     /* @internal */
-    export type FreshableType = LiteralType | FreshableIntrinsicType;
+    export type FreshableLiteralType = LiteralType | TemplateLiteralType;
+    /* @internal */
+    export type FreshableType = FreshableLiteralType | FreshableIntrinsicType;
 
     // String literal types (TypeFlags.StringLiteral)
     // Numeric literal types (TypeFlags.NumberLiteral)
@@ -5461,6 +5467,8 @@ namespace ts {
     export interface TemplateLiteralType extends InstantiableType {
         texts: readonly string[];  // Always one element longer than types
         types: readonly Type[];  // Always at least one element
+        freshType: TemplateLiteralType;  // Fresh version of type
+        regularType: TemplateLiteralType;  // Regular version of type
     }
 
     export interface StringMappingType extends InstantiableType {

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/TemplateExpression1.types

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 === tests/cases/conformance/es6/templates/TemplateExpression1.ts ===
 var v = `foo ${ a 
 >v : string
->`foo ${ a : string
+>`foo ${ a : `foo ${any}`
 >a : any
 

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/accessorsOverrideProperty2.types

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class Derived extends Base {
 >console.log : (...data: any[]) => void
 >console : Console
 >log : (...data: any[]) => void
->`x was set to ${value}` : string
+>`x was set to ${value}` : `x was set to ${number}`
 >value : number
 }
 

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/api/tsserverlibrary.d.ts

@@ -2653,6 +2653,8 @@ declare namespace ts {
     export interface TemplateLiteralType extends InstantiableType {
         texts: readonly string[];
         types: readonly Type[];
+        freshType: TemplateLiteralType;
+        regularType: TemplateLiteralType;
     }
     export interface StringMappingType extends InstantiableType {
         symbol: Symbol;

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/api/typescript.d.ts

@@ -2653,6 +2653,8 @@ declare namespace ts {
     export interface TemplateLiteralType extends InstantiableType {
         texts: readonly string[];
         types: readonly Type[];
+        freshType: TemplateLiteralType;
+        regularType: TemplateLiteralType;
     }
     export interface StringMappingType extends InstantiableType {
         symbol: Symbol;

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/asOperator3.types

@@ -5,23 +5,23 @@ declare function tag(...x: any[]): any;
 
 var a = `${123 + 456 as number}`;
 >a : string
->`${123 + 456 as number}` : string
+>`${123 + 456 as number}` : `${number}`
 >123 + 456 as number : number
 >123 + 456 : number
 >123 : 123
 >456 : 456
 
 var b = `leading ${123 + 456 as number}`;
 >b : string
->`leading ${123 + 456 as number}` : string
+>`leading ${123 + 456 as number}` : `leading ${number}`
 >123 + 456 as number : number
 >123 + 456 : number
 >123 : 123
 >456 : 456
 
 var c = `${123 + 456 as number} trailing`;
 >c : string
->`${123 + 456 as number} trailing` : string
+>`${123 + 456 as number} trailing` : `${number} trailing`
 >123 + 456 as number : number
 >123 + 456 : number
 >123 : 123
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ var c = `${123 + 456 as number} trailing`;
 var d = `Hello ${123} World` as string;
 >d : string
 >`Hello ${123} World` as string : string
->`Hello ${123} World` : string
+>`Hello ${123} World` : "Hello 123 World"
 >123 : 123
 
 var e = `Hello` as string;
@@ -43,15 +43,15 @@ var f = 1 + `${1} end of string` as string;
 >1 + `${1} end of string` as string : string
 >1 + `${1} end of string` : string
 >1 : 1
->`${1} end of string` : string
+>`${1} end of string` : "1 end of string"
 >1 : 1
 
 var g = tag `Hello ${123} World` as string;
 >g : string
 >tag `Hello ${123} World` as string : string
 >tag `Hello ${123} World` : any
 >tag : (...x: any[]) => any
->`Hello ${123} World` : string
+>`Hello ${123} World` : "Hello 123 World"
 >123 : 123
 
 var h = tag `Hello` as string;

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/checkJsObjectLiteralIndexSignatures.types

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ let n = Math.random();
 
 let s = `${n}`;
 >s : string
->`${n}` : string
+>`${n}` : `${number}`
 >n : number
 
 const numericIndex = { [n]: 1 };

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames10_ES5.types

@@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ var v = {
 
     [`hello ${a} bye`]() { }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : () => void
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames10_ES6.types

@@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ var v = {
 
     [`hello ${a} bye`]() { }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : () => void
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames11_ES5.types

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ var v = {
 
     get [`hello ${a} bye`]() { return 0; }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames11_ES6.types

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ var v = {
 
     get [`hello ${a} bye`]() { return 0; }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames12_ES5.types

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class C {
 
     static [`hello ${a} bye`] = 0
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames12_ES6.types

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class C {
 
     static [`hello ${a} bye`] = 0
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames13_ES5.types

@@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ class C {
 
     static [`hello ${a} bye`]() { }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : () => void
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames13_ES6.types

@@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ class C {
 
     static [`hello ${a} bye`]() { }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : () => void
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames16_ES5.types

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class C {
 
     get [`hello ${a} bye`]() { return 0; }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames16_ES6.types

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class C {
 
     get [`hello ${a} bye`]() { return 0; }
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames4_ES5.types

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ var v = {
 
     [`hello ${a} bye`]: 0
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }

Diff for: tests/baselines/reference/computedPropertyNames4_ES6.types

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ var v = {
 
     [`hello ${a} bye`]: 0
 >[`hello ${a} bye`] : number
->`hello ${a} bye` : string
+>`hello ${a} bye` : `hello ${any} bye`
 >a : any
 >0 : 0
 }