tree-sitter-c.ebnf

//
// From tree-sitter-c/src/grammar.json
//
//
// EBNF to generate railroad diagram at 
//      (IPV6) https://www.bottlecaps.de/rr/ui
//      (IPV4) https://rr.red-dove.com/ui
//

translation_unit ::=
	 _top_level_item*

_top_level_item ::=
	 function_definition
	| _old_style_function_definition
	| linkage_specification
	| declaration
	| _top_level_statement
	| attributed_statement
	| type_definition
	| _empty_declaration
	| preproc_if
	| preproc_ifdef
	| preproc_include
	| preproc_def
	| preproc_function_def
	| preproc_call

_block_item ::=
	 function_definition
	| _old_style_function_definition
	| linkage_specification
	| declaration
	| _statement
	| attributed_statement
	| type_definition
	| _empty_declaration
	| preproc_if
	| preproc_ifdef
	| preproc_include
	| preproc_def
	| preproc_function_def
	| preproc_call

preproc_include ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'include' ( string_literal | system_lib_string | identifier | preproc_call_expression ) '#x0D'?'#x0A'

preproc_def ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'define' identifier preproc_arg? '#x0D'?'#x0A'

preproc_function_def ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'define' identifier preproc_params preproc_arg? '#x0D'?'#x0A'

preproc_params ::=
	 '(' ( ( identifier | '...' ) ( ',' ( identifier | '...' ) )* )? ')'

preproc_call ::=
	 preproc_directive preproc_arg? '#x0D'?'#x0A'

preproc_if ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'if' _preproc_expression '\n'  _block_item* ( preproc_else | preproc_elif )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_ifdef ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'ifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'ifndef' ) identifier _block_item* ( preproc_else | preproc_elif | preproc_elifdef )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_else ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'else' _block_item*

preproc_elif ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'elif' _preproc_expression '\n'  _block_item* ( preproc_else | preproc_elif )?

preproc_elifdef ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'elifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'elifndef' ) identifier _block_item* ( preproc_else | preproc_elif )?

preproc_if_in_field_declaration_list ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'if' _preproc_expression '\n'  _field_declaration_list_item* ( preproc_else_in_field_declaration_list | preproc_elif_in_field_declaration_list )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_ifdef_in_field_declaration_list ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'ifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'ifndef' ) identifier _field_declaration_list_item* ( preproc_else_in_field_declaration_list | preproc_elif_in_field_declaration_list | preproc_elifdef_in_field_declaration_list )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_else_in_field_declaration_list ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'else' _field_declaration_list_item*

preproc_elif_in_field_declaration_list ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'elif' _preproc_expression '\n'  _field_declaration_list_item* ( preproc_else_in_field_declaration_list | preproc_elif_in_field_declaration_list )?

preproc_elifdef_in_field_declaration_list ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'elifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'elifndef' ) identifier _field_declaration_list_item* ( preproc_else_in_field_declaration_list | preproc_elif_in_field_declaration_list )?

preproc_if_in_enumerator_list ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'if' _preproc_expression '\n'  ( enumerator ',' )* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_ifdef_in_enumerator_list ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'ifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'ifndef' ) identifier ( enumerator ',' )* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list | preproc_elifdef_in_enumerator_list )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_else_in_enumerator_list ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'else' ( enumerator ',' )*

preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'elif' _preproc_expression '\n'  ( enumerator ',' )* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list )?

preproc_elifdef_in_enumerator_list ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'elifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'elifndef' ) identifier ( enumerator ',' )* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list )?

preproc_if_in_enumerator_list_no_comma ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'if' _preproc_expression '\n'  enumerator* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list_no_comma | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list_no_comma )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_ifdef_in_enumerator_list_no_comma ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'ifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'ifndef' ) identifier enumerator* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list_no_comma | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list_no_comma | preproc_elifdef_in_enumerator_list_no_comma )? '#'[ #x09]*'endif'

preproc_else_in_enumerator_list_no_comma ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'else' enumerator*

preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list_no_comma ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*'elif' _preproc_expression '\n'  enumerator* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list_no_comma | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list_no_comma )?

preproc_elifdef_in_enumerator_list_no_comma ::=
	 ( '#'[ #x09]*'elifdef' | '#'[ #x09]*'elifndef' ) identifier enumerator* ( preproc_else_in_enumerator_list_no_comma | preproc_elif_in_enumerator_list_no_comma )?

preproc_arg ::=
	 '\S'([^/#x0A]|'\/'[^*]|'\#x0D'?'#x0A')*

preproc_directive ::=
	 '#'[ #x09]*[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z_]*

_preproc_expression ::=
	 identifier
	| preproc_call_expression
	| number_literal
	| char_literal
	| preproc_defined
	| preproc_unary_expression
	| preproc_binary_expression
	| preproc_parenthesized_expression

preproc_parenthesized_expression ::=
	 '(' _preproc_expression ')'

preproc_defined ::=
	 'defined' '(' identifier ')'
	| 'defined' identifier

preproc_unary_expression ::=
	 ( '!' | '~' | '-' | '+' ) _preproc_expression

preproc_call_expression ::=
	 identifier preproc_argument_list

preproc_argument_list ::=
	 '(' ( _preproc_expression ( ',' _preproc_expression )* )? ')'

preproc_binary_expression ::=
	 _preproc_expression '+' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '-' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '*' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '/' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '%' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '||' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '&&' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '|' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '^' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '&' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '==' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '!=' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '>' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '>=' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '<=' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '<' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '<<' _preproc_expression
	| _preproc_expression '>>' _preproc_expression

function_definition ::=
	 ms_call_modifier? _declaration_specifiers _declarator compound_statement

_old_style_function_definition ::=
	 ms_call_modifier? _declaration_specifiers _old_style_function_declarator declaration* compound_statement

declaration ::=
	 _declaration_specifiers ( _declaration_declarator gnu_asm_expression? | init_declarator ) ( ',' ( _declaration_declarator gnu_asm_expression? | init_declarator ) )* ';'

type_definition ::=
	 '__extension__'? 'typedef' _type_definition_type _type_definition_declarators attribute_specifier* ';'

_type_definition_type ::=
	 type_qualifier* _type_specifier type_qualifier*

_type_definition_declarators ::=
	 _type_declarator ( ',' _type_declarator )*

_declaration_modifiers ::=
	 storage_class_specifier
	| type_qualifier
	| attribute_specifier
	| attribute_declaration
	| ms_declspec_modifier

_declaration_specifiers ::=
	 _declaration_modifiers* _type_specifier _declaration_modifiers*

linkage_specification ::=
	 'extern' string_literal ( function_definition | declaration | declaration_list )

attribute_specifier ::=
	 '__attribute__' '(' argument_list ')'

attribute ::=
	 ( identifier '::' )? identifier argument_list?

attribute_declaration ::=
	 '[[' attribute ( ',' attribute )* ']]'

ms_declspec_modifier ::=
	 '__declspec' '(' identifier ')'

ms_based_modifier ::=
	 '__based' argument_list

ms_call_modifier ::=
	 '__cdecl'
	| '__clrcall'
	| '__stdcall'
	| '__fastcall'
	| '__thiscall'
	| '__vectorcall'

ms_restrict_modifier ::=
	 '__restrict'

ms_unsigned_ptr_modifier ::=
	 '__uptr'

ms_signed_ptr_modifier ::=
	 '__sptr'

ms_unaligned_ptr_modifier ::=
	 '_unaligned'
	| '__unaligned'

ms_pointer_modifier ::=
	 ms_unaligned_ptr_modifier
	| ms_restrict_modifier
	| ms_unsigned_ptr_modifier
	| ms_signed_ptr_modifier

declaration_list ::=
	 '{' _block_item* '}'

_declarator ::=
	 attributed_declarator
	| pointer_declarator
	| function_declarator
	| array_declarator
	| parenthesized_declarator
	| identifier

_declaration_declarator ::=
	 attributed_declarator
	| pointer_declarator
	| _function_declaration_declarator
	| array_declarator
	| parenthesized_declarator
	| identifier

_field_declarator ::=
	 attributed_field_declarator
	| pointer_field_declarator
	| function_field_declarator
	| array_field_declarator
	| parenthesized_field_declarator
	| _field_identifier

_type_declarator ::=
	 attributed_type_declarator
	| pointer_type_declarator
	| function_type_declarator
	| array_type_declarator
	| parenthesized_type_declarator
	| _type_identifier
	| ( 'signed' | 'unsigned' | 'long' | 'short' )
	| primitive_type

_abstract_declarator ::=
	 abstract_pointer_declarator
	| abstract_function_declarator
	| abstract_array_declarator
	| abstract_parenthesized_declarator

parenthesized_declarator ::=
	 '(' _declarator ')'

parenthesized_field_declarator ::=
	 '(' _field_declarator ')'

parenthesized_type_declarator ::=
	 '(' _type_declarator ')'

abstract_parenthesized_declarator ::=
	 '(' _abstract_declarator ')'

attributed_declarator ::=
	 _declarator attribute_declaration+

attributed_field_declarator ::=
	 _field_declarator attribute_declaration+

attributed_type_declarator ::=
	 _type_declarator attribute_declaration+

pointer_declarator ::=
	 ms_based_modifier? '*' ms_pointer_modifier* type_qualifier* _declarator

pointer_field_declarator ::=
	 ms_based_modifier? '*' ms_pointer_modifier* type_qualifier* _field_declarator

pointer_type_declarator ::=
	 ms_based_modifier? '*' ms_pointer_modifier* type_qualifier* _type_declarator

abstract_pointer_declarator ::=
	 '*' type_qualifier* _abstract_declarator?

function_declarator ::=
	 _declarator parameter_list gnu_asm_expression? ( attribute_specifier | identifier | preproc_call_expression )*

_function_declaration_declarator ::=
	 _declarator parameter_list gnu_asm_expression? attribute_specifier*

function_field_declarator ::=
	 _field_declarator parameter_list

function_type_declarator ::=
	 _type_declarator parameter_list

abstract_function_declarator ::=
	 _abstract_declarator? parameter_list

_old_style_function_declarator ::=
	 _declarator _old_style_parameter_list

array_declarator ::=
	 _declarator '[' type_qualifier* ( _expression | '*' )? ']'

array_field_declarator ::=
	 _field_declarator '[' type_qualifier* ( _expression | '*' )? ']'

array_type_declarator ::=
	 _type_declarator '[' type_qualifier* ( _expression | '*' )? ']'

abstract_array_declarator ::=
	 _abstract_declarator? '[' type_qualifier* ( _expression | '*' )? ']'

init_declarator ::=
	 _declarator '=' ( initializer_list | _expression )

compound_statement ::=
	 '{' _block_item* '}'

storage_class_specifier ::=
	 'extern'
	| 'static'
	| 'auto'
	| 'register'
	| 'inline'
	| '__inline'
	| '__inline__'
	| '__forceinline'
	| 'thread_local'
	| '__thread'

type_qualifier ::=
	 'const'
	| 'constexpr'
	| 'volatile'
	| 'restrict'
	| '__restrict__'
	| '__extension__'
	| '_Atomic'
	| '_Noreturn'
	| 'noreturn'

_type_specifier ::=
	 struct_specifier
	| union_specifier
	| enum_specifier
	| macro_type_specifier
	| sized_type_specifier
	| primitive_type
	| _type_identifier

sized_type_specifier ::=
	 ( 'signed' | 'unsigned' | 'long' | 'short' )* ( _type_identifier | primitive_type )? ( 'signed' | 'unsigned' | 'long' | 'short' )+
	| ( 'signed' | 'unsigned' | 'long' | 'short' )+ ( _type_identifier | primitive_type )? ( 'signed' | 'unsigned' | 'long' | 'short' )*

primitive_type ::=
	 ( 'bool' | 'char' | 'int' | 'float' | 'double' | 'void' | 'size_t' | 'ssize_t' | 'ptrdiff_t' | 'intptr_t' | 'uintptr_t' | 'charptr_t' | 'nullptr_t' | 'max_align_t' | 'int8_t' | 'int16_t' | 'int32_t' | 'int64_t' | 'uint8_t' | 'uint16_t' | 'uint32_t' | 'uint64_t' | 'char8_t' | 'char16_t' | 'char32_t' | 'char64_t' )

enum_specifier ::=
	 'enum' ( _type_identifier ( ':' primitive_type )? enumerator_list? | enumerator_list ) attribute_specifier?

enumerator_list ::=
	 '{' ( enumerator ',' | preproc_if_in_enumerator_list | preproc_ifdef_in_enumerator_list | preproc_call ',' )* ( ( enumerator | preproc_if_in_enumerator_list_no_comma | preproc_ifdef_in_enumerator_list_no_comma | preproc_call ) )? '}'

struct_specifier ::=
	 'struct' attribute_specifier? ms_declspec_modifier? ( _type_identifier field_declaration_list? | field_declaration_list ) attribute_specifier?

union_specifier ::=
	 'union' ms_declspec_modifier? ( _type_identifier field_declaration_list? | field_declaration_list ) attribute_specifier?

field_declaration_list ::=
	 '{' _field_declaration_list_item* '}'

_field_declaration_list_item ::=
	 field_declaration
	| preproc_def
	| preproc_function_def
	| preproc_call
	| preproc_if_in_field_declaration_list
	| preproc_ifdef_in_field_declaration_list

field_declaration ::=
	 _declaration_specifiers _field_declaration_declarator? attribute_specifier? ';'

_field_declaration_declarator ::=
	 _field_declarator bitfield_clause? ( ',' _field_declarator bitfield_clause? )*

bitfield_clause ::=
	 ':' _expression

enumerator ::=
	 identifier ( '=' _expression )?

variadic_parameter ::=
	 '...'

parameter_list ::=
	 '(' ( ( parameter_declaration | variadic_parameter ) ( ',' ( parameter_declaration | variadic_parameter ) )* )? ')'

_old_style_parameter_list ::=
	 '(' ( ( identifier | variadic_parameter ) ( ',' ( identifier | variadic_parameter ) )* )? ')'

parameter_declaration ::=
	 _declaration_specifiers ( _declarator | _abstract_declarator )?

attributed_statement ::=
	 attribute_declaration+ _statement

_statement ::=
	 case_statement
	| _non_case_statement

_non_case_statement ::=
	 attributed_statement
	| labeled_statement
	| compound_statement
	| expression_statement
	| if_statement
	| switch_statement
	| do_statement
	| while_statement
	| for_statement
	| return_statement
	| break_statement
	| continue_statement
	| goto_statement
	| seh_try_statement
	| seh_leave_statement

_top_level_statement ::=
	 case_statement
	| attributed_statement
	| labeled_statement
	| compound_statement
	| _top_level_expression_statement
	| if_statement
	| switch_statement
	| do_statement
	| while_statement
	| for_statement
	| return_statement
	| break_statement
	| continue_statement
	| goto_statement

labeled_statement ::=
	 _statement_identifier ':' _statement

_top_level_expression_statement ::=
	 _expression_not_binary ';'

expression_statement ::=
	 ( _expression | comma_expression )? ';'

if_statement ::=
	 'if' parenthesized_expression _statement else_clause?

else_clause ::=
	 'else' _statement

switch_statement ::=
	 'switch' parenthesized_expression compound_statement

case_statement ::=
	 ( 'case' _expression | 'default' ) ':' ( _non_case_statement | declaration | type_definition )*

while_statement ::=
	 'while' parenthesized_expression _statement

do_statement ::=
	 'do' _statement 'while' parenthesized_expression ';'

for_statement ::=
	 'for' '(' _for_statement_body ')' _statement

_for_statement_body ::=
	 ( declaration | ( _expression | comma_expression )? ';' ) ( _expression | comma_expression )? ';' ( _expression | comma_expression )?

return_statement ::=
	 'return' ( _expression | comma_expression )? ';'

break_statement ::=
	 'break' ';'

continue_statement ::=
	 'continue' ';'

goto_statement ::=
	 'goto' _statement_identifier ';'

seh_try_statement ::=
	 '__try' compound_statement ( seh_except_clause | seh_finally_clause )

seh_except_clause ::=
	 '__except' parenthesized_expression compound_statement

seh_finally_clause ::=
	 '__finally' compound_statement

seh_leave_statement ::=
	 '__leave' ';'

_expression ::=
	 _expression_not_binary
	| binary_expression

_expression_not_binary ::=
	 conditional_expression
	| assignment_expression
	| unary_expression
	| update_expression
	| cast_expression
	| pointer_expression
	| sizeof_expression
	| alignof_expression
	| offsetof_expression
	| generic_expression
	| subscript_expression
	| call_expression
	| field_expression
	| compound_literal_expression
	| identifier
	| number_literal
	| _string
	| true
	| false
	| null
	| char_literal
	| parenthesized_expression
	| gnu_asm_expression

_string ::=
	 string_literal | concatenated_string

comma_expression ::=
	 _expression ',' ( _expression | comma_expression )

conditional_expression ::=
	 _expression '?' _expression? ':' _expression

_assignment_left_expression ::=
	 identifier
	| call_expression
	| field_expression
	| pointer_expression
	| subscript_expression
	| parenthesized_expression

assignment_expression ::=
	 _assignment_left_expression ( '=' | '*=' | '/=' | '%=' | '+=' | '-=' | '<<=' | '>>=' | '&=' | '^=' | '|=' ) _expression

pointer_expression ::=
	 ( '*' | '&' ) _expression

unary_expression ::=
	 ( '!' | '~' | '-' | '+' ) _expression

binary_expression ::=
	 _expression '+' _expression
	| _expression '-' _expression
	| _expression '*' _expression
	| _expression '/' _expression
	| _expression '%' _expression
	| _expression '||' _expression
	| _expression '&&' _expression
	| _expression '|' _expression
	| _expression '^' _expression
	| _expression '&' _expression
	| _expression '==' _expression
	| _expression '!=' _expression
	| _expression '>' _expression
	| _expression '>=' _expression
	| _expression '<=' _expression
	| _expression '<' _expression
	| _expression '<<' _expression
	| _expression '>>' _expression

update_expression ::=
	 ( '--' | '++' ) _expression | _expression ( '--' | '++' )

cast_expression ::=
	 '(' type_descriptor ')' _expression

type_descriptor ::=
	 type_qualifier* _type_specifier type_qualifier* _abstract_declarator?

sizeof_expression ::=
	 'sizeof' ( _expression | '(' type_descriptor ')' )

alignof_expression ::=
	 ( '__alignof__' | '__alignof' | '_alignof' | 'alignof' | '_Alignof' ) '(' type_descriptor ')'

offsetof_expression ::=
	 'offsetof' '(' type_descriptor ',' _field_identifier ')'

generic_expression ::=
	 '_Generic' '(' _expression ',' type_descriptor ':' _expression ( ',' type_descriptor ':' _expression )* ')'

subscript_expression ::=
	 _expression '[' _expression ']'

call_expression ::=
	 _expression argument_list

gnu_asm_expression ::=
	 ( 'asm' | '__asm__' ) gnu_asm_qualifier* '(' _string ( gnu_asm_output_operand_list ( gnu_asm_input_operand_list ( gnu_asm_clobber_list gnu_asm_goto_list? )? )? )? ')'

gnu_asm_qualifier ::=
	 'volatile'
	| 'inline'
	| 'goto'

gnu_asm_output_operand_list ::=
	 ':' ( gnu_asm_output_operand ( ',' gnu_asm_output_operand )* )?

gnu_asm_output_operand ::=
	 ( '[' identifier ']' )? string_literal '(' identifier ')'

gnu_asm_input_operand_list ::=
	 ':' ( gnu_asm_input_operand ( ',' gnu_asm_input_operand )* )?

gnu_asm_input_operand ::=
	 ( '[' identifier ']' )? string_literal '(' _expression ')'

gnu_asm_clobber_list ::=
	 ':' ( string_literal ( ',' string_literal )* )?

gnu_asm_goto_list ::=
	 ':' ( identifier ( ',' identifier )* )?

argument_list ::=
	 '(' ( ( '__extension__'? _expression | compound_statement ) ( ',' ( '__extension__'? _expression | compound_statement ) )* )? ')'

field_expression ::=
	 _expression ( '.' | '->' ) _field_identifier

compound_literal_expression ::=
	 '(' type_descriptor ')' initializer_list

parenthesized_expression ::=
	 '(' ( _expression | comma_expression ) ')'

initializer_list ::=
	 '{' ( ( initializer_pair | _expression | initializer_list ) ( ',' ( initializer_pair | _expression | initializer_list ) )* )? ','? '}'

initializer_pair ::=
	 ( subscript_designator | field_designator | subscript_range_designator )+ '=' ( _expression | initializer_list )
	| _field_identifier ':' ( _expression | initializer_list )

subscript_designator ::=
	 '[' _expression ']'

subscript_range_designator ::=
	 '[' _expression '...' _expression ']'

field_designator ::=
	 '.' _field_identifier

number_literal ::=
	 ( [-\+]? ( '0'[xX] | '0'[bB] )? ( ( [0-9]+ ( "'"  [0-9]+ )* | '0'[bB] [0-9]+ ( "'"  [0-9]+ )* | '0'[xX] [0-9a-fA-F]+ ( "'"  [0-9a-fA-F]+ )* ) ( '.' ( [0-9a-fA-F]+ ( "'"  [0-9a-fA-F]+ )* )? )? | '.' [0-9]+ ( "'"  [0-9]+ )* ) ( [eEpP] ( [-\+]? [0-9a-fA-F]+ ( "'"  [0-9a-fA-F]+ )* )? )? [uUlLwWfFbBdD]* )

char_literal ::=
	 ( "L'" | "u'" | "U'" | "u8'" | "'"  ) ( escape_sequence | [^#x0A'] )+ "'" 

concatenated_string ::=
	 ( identifier string_literal | string_literal string_literal | string_literal identifier ) ( string_literal | identifier )*

string_literal ::=
	 ( 'L"' | 'u"' | 'U"' | 'u8"' | '"'  ) ( [^\"#x0A]+ | escape_sequence )* '"' 

escape_sequence ::=
	 '\\'  ( [^xuU] | [0-9]'{2,3}' | 'x'[0-9a-fA-F]'{2,}' | 'u'[0-9a-fA-F]'{4}' | 'U'[0-9a-fA-F]'{8}' )

system_lib_string ::=
	 ( '<' ( [^>#x0A] | '\>' )* '>' )

true ::=
	 ( 'TRUE' | 'true' )

false ::=
	 ( 'FALSE' | 'false' )

null ::=
	 'NULL'
	| 'nullptr'

identifier ::=
	 ('\p{XID_Start}'|'\$'|'_'|'\u'[0-9A-Fa-f]'{4}'|'\U'[0-9A-Fa-f]'{8}')('\p{XID_Continue}'|'\$'|'\u'[0-9A-Fa-f]'{4}'|'\U'[0-9A-Fa-f]'{8}')*

_type_identifier ::=
	 identifier

_field_identifier ::=
	 identifier

_statement_identifier ::=
	 identifier

_empty_declaration ::=
	 _type_specifier ';'

macro_type_specifier ::=
	 identifier '(' type_descriptor ')'

comment ::=
	 ( '//' ('\'+('.'|'#x0D'?'#x0A')|[^\#x0A])* | '/*' [^*]*'\'*+([^/*][^*]*'\'*+)* '/' )