Allow array functions to operate in-place if the refcount is 1

This allows array_merge, array_intersect, array_replace, array_unique
and usort to avoid taking a copy and do the transformation in-place.

** Safety **

There are some array functions which take a copy of the input
array into a temporary C array for sorting purposes.
(e.g. array_unique, array_diff, and array_intersect do this).
Since we no longer take a copy in all cases, we must check if
it's possible that a value is accessed that was already destroyed.

For array_unique: cmpdata will never be removed so that will never reach
refcount 0. And when something is removed, it is the previous value of
cmpdata, not the one user later. So this seems okay.

For array_intersect: a previous pointer (ptr[0] - 1) is accessed.
But this can't be a destroyed value because the pointer is first moved forward.

For array_diff: it's possible a previous pointer is accessed after
destruction. So we can't optimise this case easily.

Author: ndossche

ext/standard/array.c

@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@ PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(array) /* {{{ */
 }
 /* }}} */
 
+static zend_always_inline bool zend_may_modify_array_in_place(const zval *arg)
+{
+	return !(GC_FLAGS(Z_ARRVAL_P(arg)) & (IS_ARRAY_IMMUTABLE | IS_ARRAY_PERSISTENT)) && Z_REFCOUNT_P(arg) == 1;
+}
+
 static zend_never_inline ZEND_COLD int stable_sort_fallback(Bucket *a, Bucket *b) {
 	if (Z_EXTRA(a->val) > Z_EXTRA(b->val)) {
 		return 1;
@@ -901,11 +906,19 @@ static void php_usort(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, bucket_compare_func_t compar
 		RETURN_TRUE;
 	}
 
-	/* Copy array, so the in-place modifications will not be visible to the callback function */
-	arr = zend_array_dup(arr);
+	/* Copy array, so the in-place modifications will not be visible to the callback function.
+	 * Unless there are no other references since we know for sure it won't be visible. */
+	bool in_place = zend_may_modify_array_in_place(array);
+	if (!in_place) {
+		arr = zend_array_dup(arr);
+	}
 
 	zend_hash_sort(arr, compare_func, renumber);
 
+	if (in_place) {
+		GC_ADDREF(arr);
+	}
+
 	zval garbage;
 	ZVAL_COPY_VALUE(&garbage, array);
 	ZVAL_ARR(array, arr);
@@ -3866,10 +3879,17 @@ static zend_always_inline void php_array_replace_wrapper(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* copy first array */
+	/* copy first array if necessary */
 	arg = args;
-	dest = zend_array_dup(Z_ARRVAL_P(arg));
+	bool in_place = zend_may_modify_array_in_place(arg);
+	if (in_place) {
+		dest = Z_ARRVAL_P(arg);
+	} else {
+		dest = zend_array_dup(Z_ARRVAL_P(arg));
+	}
+
 	ZVAL_ARR(return_value, dest);
+
 	if (recursive) {
 		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 			arg = args + i;
@@ -3881,6 +3901,10 @@ static zend_always_inline void php_array_replace_wrapper(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM
 			zend_hash_merge(dest, Z_ARRVAL_P(arg), zval_add_ref, 1);
 		}
 	}
+
+	if (in_place) {
+		GC_ADDREF(dest);
+	}
 }
 /* }}} */
 
@@ -3945,22 +3969,34 @@ static zend_always_inline void php_array_merge_wrapper(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMET
 
 	arg = args;
 	src  = Z_ARRVAL_P(arg);
-	/* copy first array */
-	array_init_size(return_value, count);
-	dest = Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value);
+	/* copy first array if necessary */
+	bool in_place = false;
 	if (HT_IS_PACKED(src)) {
-		zend_hash_real_init_packed(dest);
-		ZEND_HASH_FILL_PACKED(dest) {
-			ZEND_HASH_PACKED_FOREACH_VAL(src, src_entry) {
-				if (UNEXPECTED(Z_ISREF_P(src_entry) &&
-					Z_REFCOUNT_P(src_entry) == 1)) {
-					src_entry = Z_REFVAL_P(src_entry);
-				}
-				Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(src_entry);
-				ZEND_HASH_FILL_ADD(src_entry);
-			} ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
-		} ZEND_HASH_FILL_END();
+		/* Note: If it has holes, it might get sequentialized */
+		if (HT_IS_WITHOUT_HOLES(src) && zend_may_modify_array_in_place(arg)) {
+			dest = src;
+			in_place = true;
+			ZVAL_ARR(return_value, dest);
+		} else {
+			array_init_size(return_value, count);
+			dest = Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value);
+
+			zend_hash_real_init_packed(dest);
+			ZEND_HASH_FILL_PACKED(dest) {
+				ZEND_HASH_PACKED_FOREACH_VAL(src, src_entry) {
+					if (UNEXPECTED(Z_ISREF_P(src_entry) &&
+						Z_REFCOUNT_P(src_entry) == 1)) {
+						src_entry = Z_REFVAL_P(src_entry);
+					}
+					Z_TRY_ADDREF_P(src_entry);
+					ZEND_HASH_FILL_ADD(src_entry);
+				} ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
+			} ZEND_HASH_FILL_END();
+		}
 	} else {
+		array_init_size(return_value, count);
+		dest = Z_ARRVAL_P(return_value);
+
 		zend_string *string_key;
 		zend_hash_real_init_mixed(dest);
 		ZEND_HASH_MAP_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(src, string_key, src_entry) {
@@ -3987,6 +4023,10 @@ static zend_always_inline void php_array_merge_wrapper(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMET
 			php_array_merge(dest, Z_ARRVAL_P(arg));
 		}
 	}
+
+	if (in_place) {
+		GC_ADDREF(dest);
+	}
 }
 /* }}} */
 
@@ -4594,7 +4634,12 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(array_unique)
 
 	cmp = php_get_data_compare_func_unstable(sort_type, 0);
 
-	RETVAL_ARR(zend_array_dup(Z_ARRVAL_P(array)));
+	bool in_place = zend_may_modify_array_in_place(array);
+	if (in_place) {
+		RETVAL_ARR(Z_ARRVAL_P(array));
+	} else {
+		RETVAL_ARR(zend_array_dup(Z_ARRVAL_P(array)));
+	}
 
 	/* create and sort array with pointers to the target_hash buckets */
 	arTmp = pemalloc((Z_ARRVAL_P(array)->nNumOfElements + 1) * sizeof(struct bucketindex), GC_FLAGS(Z_ARRVAL_P(array)) & IS_ARRAY_PERSISTENT);
@@ -4640,6 +4685,10 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(array_unique)
 		}
 	}
 	pefree(arTmp, GC_FLAGS(Z_ARRVAL_P(array)) & IS_ARRAY_PERSISTENT);
+
+	if (in_place) {
+		Z_ADDREF_P(return_value);
+	}
 }
 /* }}} */
 
@@ -4764,6 +4813,7 @@ static void php_array_intersect(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int behavior, int
 	zend_fcall_info *fci_key = NULL, *fci_data;
 	zend_fcall_info_cache *fci_key_cache = NULL, *fci_data_cache;
 	PHP_ARRAY_CMP_FUNC_VARS;
+	bool in_place = false;
 
 	bucket_compare_func_t intersect_key_compare_func;
 	bucket_compare_func_t intersect_data_compare_func;
@@ -4890,8 +4940,13 @@ static void php_array_intersect(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int behavior, int
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* copy the argument array */
-	RETVAL_ARR(zend_array_dup(Z_ARRVAL(args[0])));
+	/* copy the argument array if necessary */
+	in_place = zend_may_modify_array_in_place(&args[0]);
+	if (in_place) {
+		RETVAL_ARR(Z_ARRVAL_P(&args[0]));
+	} else {
+		RETVAL_ARR(zend_array_dup(Z_ARRVAL_P(&args[0])));
+	}
 
 	/* go through the lists and look for common values */
 	while (Z_TYPE(ptrs[0]->val) != IS_UNDEF) {
@@ -5002,6 +5057,10 @@ static void php_array_intersect(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int behavior, int
 
 	efree(ptrs);
 	efree(lists);
+
+	if (in_place) {
+		Z_ADDREF_P(return_value);
+	}
 }
 /* }}} */