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afl-common.c
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/*
american fuzzy lop++ - common routines
--------------------------------------
Originally written by Michal Zalewski
Now maintained by Marc Heuse <mh@mh-sec.de>,
Heiko Eißfeldt <heiko.eissfeldt@hexco.de> and
Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com>
Copyright 2016, 2017 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2019-2023 AFLplusplus Project. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at:
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Gather some functions common to multiple executables
- detect_file_args
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "forkserver.h"
#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif
#ifndef __USE_GNU
#define __USE_GNU
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include "debug.h"
#include "alloc-inl.h"
#include "envs.h"
#include "common.h"
/* Detect @@ in args. */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
u8 be_quiet = 0;
u8 *doc_path = "";
u8 last_intr = 0;
#ifndef AFL_PATH
#define AFL_PATH "/usr/local/lib/afl/"
#endif
void *afl_memmem(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen, const void *needle,
size_t needlelen) {
if (unlikely(needlelen > haystacklen)) { return NULL; }
for (u32 i = 0; i <= haystacklen - needlelen; ++i) {
if (unlikely(memcmp(haystack + i, needle, needlelen) == 0)) {
return (void *)(haystack + i);
}
}
return (void *)NULL;
}
void set_sanitizer_defaults() {
/* Set sane defaults for ASAN if nothing else is specified. */
u8 *have_asan_options = getenv("ASAN_OPTIONS");
u8 *have_ubsan_options = getenv("UBSAN_OPTIONS");
u8 *have_msan_options = getenv("MSAN_OPTIONS");
u8 *have_lsan_options = getenv("LSAN_OPTIONS");
u8 have_san_options = 0;
u8 default_options[1024] =
"detect_odr_violation=0:abort_on_error=1:symbolize=0:allocator_may_"
"return_null=1:handle_segv=0:handle_sigbus=0:handle_abort=0:handle_"
"sigfpe=0:handle_sigill=0:";
if (have_asan_options || have_ubsan_options || have_msan_options ||
have_lsan_options) {
have_san_options = 1;
}
/* LSAN does not support abort_on_error=1. (is this still true??) */
if (!have_lsan_options) {
u8 buf[2048] = "";
if (!have_san_options) { strcpy(buf, default_options); }
strcat(buf, "exitcode=" STRINGIFY(LSAN_ERROR) ":fast_unwind_on_malloc=0:print_suppressions=0:detect_leaks=1:malloc_context_size=30:");
setenv("LSAN_OPTIONS", buf, 1);
}
/* for everything not LSAN we disable detect_leaks */
if (!have_lsan_options) {
strcat(default_options, "detect_leaks=0:malloc_context_size=0:");
}
/* Set sane defaults for ASAN if nothing else is specified. */
if (!have_san_options) { setenv("ASAN_OPTIONS", default_options, 1); }
/* Set sane defaults for UBSAN if nothing else is specified. */
if (!have_san_options) { setenv("UBSAN_OPTIONS", default_options, 1); }
/* MSAN is tricky, because it doesn't support abort_on_error=1 at this
point. So, we do this in a very hacky way. */
if (!have_msan_options) {
u8 buf[2048] = "";
if (!have_san_options) { strcpy(buf, default_options); }
strcat(buf, "exit_code=" STRINGIFY(MSAN_ERROR) ":msan_track_origins=0:");
setenv("MSAN_OPTIONS", buf, 1);
}
/* Envs for QASan */
setenv("QASAN_MAX_CALL_STACK", "0", 0);
setenv("QASAN_SYMBOLIZE", "0", 0);
}
u32 check_binary_signatures(u8 *fn) {
int ret = 0, fd = open(fn, O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) { PFATAL("Unable to open '%s'", fn); }
struct stat st;
if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) { PFATAL("Unable to fstat '%s'", fn); }
u32 f_len = st.st_size;
u8 *f_data = mmap(0, f_len, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
if (f_data == MAP_FAILED) { PFATAL("Unable to mmap file '%s'", fn); }
close(fd);
if (afl_memmem(f_data, f_len, PERSIST_SIG, strlen(PERSIST_SIG) + 1)) {
if (!be_quiet) { OKF(cPIN "Persistent mode binary detected."); }
setenv(PERSIST_ENV_VAR, "1", 1);
ret = 1;
} else if (getenv("AFL_PERSISTENT")) {
if (!be_quiet) { OKF(cPIN "Persistent mode enforced."); }
setenv(PERSIST_ENV_VAR, "1", 1);
ret = 1;
} else if (getenv("AFL_FRIDA_PERSISTENT_ADDR")) {
if (!be_quiet) {
OKF("FRIDA Persistent mode configuration options detected.");
}
setenv(PERSIST_ENV_VAR, "1", 1);
ret = 1;
}
if (afl_memmem(f_data, f_len, DEFER_SIG, strlen(DEFER_SIG) + 1)) {
if (!be_quiet) { OKF(cPIN "Deferred forkserver binary detected."); }
setenv(DEFER_ENV_VAR, "1", 1);
ret += 2;
} else if (getenv("AFL_DEFER_FORKSRV")) {
if (!be_quiet) { OKF(cPIN "Deferred forkserver enforced."); }
setenv(DEFER_ENV_VAR, "1", 1);
ret += 2;
}
if (munmap(f_data, f_len)) { PFATAL("unmap() failed"); }
return ret;
}
void detect_file_args(char **argv, u8 *prog_in, bool *use_stdin) {
u32 i = 0;
u8 cwd[PATH_MAX];
if (getcwd(cwd, (size_t)sizeof(cwd)) == NULL) { PFATAL("getcwd() failed"); }
/* we are working with libc-heap-allocated argvs. So do not mix them with
* other allocation APIs like ck_alloc. That would disturb the free() calls.
*/
while (argv[i]) {
u8 *aa_loc = strstr(argv[i], "@@");
if (aa_loc) {
if (!prog_in) { FATAL("@@ syntax is not supported by this tool."); }
*use_stdin = false;
/* Be sure that we're always using fully-qualified paths. */
*aa_loc = 0;
/* Construct a replacement argv value. */
u8 *n_arg;
if (prog_in[0] == '/') {
n_arg = alloc_printf("%s%s%s", argv[i], prog_in, aa_loc + 2);
} else {
n_arg = alloc_printf("%s%s/%s%s", argv[i], cwd, prog_in, aa_loc + 2);
}
ck_free(argv[i]);
argv[i] = n_arg;
}
i++;
}
/* argvs are automatically freed at exit. */
}
/* duplicate the system argv so that
we can edit (and free!) it later */
char **argv_cpy_dup(int argc, char **argv) {
int i = 0;
char **ret = ck_alloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
if (unlikely(!ret)) { FATAL("Amount of arguments specified is too high"); }
for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
ret[i] = ck_strdup(argv[i]);
}
ret[i] = NULL;
return ret;
}
/* frees all args in the given argv,
previously created by argv_cpy_dup */
void argv_cpy_free(char **argv) {
u32 i = 0;
while (argv[i]) {
ck_free(argv[i]);
argv[i] = NULL;
i++;
}
ck_free(argv);
}
/* Rewrite argv for CoreSight process tracer. */
char **get_cs_argv(u8 *own_loc, u8 **target_path_p, int argc, char **argv) {
if (unlikely(getenv("AFL_CS_CUSTOM_BIN"))) {
WARNF(
"AFL_CS_CUSTOM_BIN is enabled. "
"You must run your target under afl-cs-proxy on your own!");
return argv;
}
char **new_argv = ck_alloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc + 4));
if (unlikely(!new_argv)) { FATAL("Illegal amount of arguments specified"); }
memcpy(&new_argv[3], &argv[1], (int)(sizeof(char *)) * (argc - 1));
new_argv[argc + 3] = NULL;
new_argv[2] = *target_path_p;
new_argv[1] = "--";
/* Now we need to actually find the cs-proxy binary to put in argv[0]. */
*target_path_p = new_argv[0] = find_afl_binary(own_loc, "afl-cs-proxy");
return new_argv;
}
/* Rewrite argv for QEMU. */
char **get_qemu_argv(u8 *own_loc, u8 **target_path_p, int argc, char **argv) {
if (unlikely(getenv("AFL_QEMU_CUSTOM_BIN"))) {
WARNF(
"AFL_QEMU_CUSTOM_BIN is enabled. "
"You must run your target under afl-qemu-trace on your own!");
return argv;
}
char **new_argv = ck_alloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc + 3));
if (unlikely(!new_argv)) { FATAL("Illegal amount of arguments specified"); }
memcpy(&new_argv[3], &argv[1], (int)(sizeof(char *)) * (argc - 1));
new_argv[2] = *target_path_p;
new_argv[1] = "--";
/* Now we need to actually find the QEMU binary to put in argv[0]. */
*target_path_p = new_argv[0] = find_afl_binary(own_loc, "afl-qemu-trace");
return new_argv;
}
/* Rewrite argv for Wine+QEMU. */
char **get_wine_argv(u8 *own_loc, u8 **target_path_p, int argc, char **argv) {
char **new_argv = ck_alloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc + 2));
if (unlikely(!new_argv)) { FATAL("Illegal amount of arguments specified"); }
memcpy(&new_argv[2], &argv[1], (int)(sizeof(char *)) * (argc - 1));
new_argv[1] = *target_path_p;
/* Now we need to actually find the QEMU binary to put in argv[0]. */
u8 *tmp = find_afl_binary(own_loc, "afl-qemu-trace");
ck_free(tmp);
*target_path_p = new_argv[0] = find_afl_binary(own_loc, "afl-wine-trace");
return new_argv;
}
/* Find binary, used by analyze, showmap, tmin
@returns the path, allocating the string */
u8 *find_binary(u8 *fname) {
// TODO: Merge this function with check_binary of afl-fuzz-init.c
u8 *env_path = NULL;
u8 *target_path = NULL;
struct stat st;
if (unlikely(!fname)) { FATAL("No binary supplied"); }
if (strchr(fname, '/') || !(env_path = getenv("PATH"))) {
target_path = ck_strdup(fname);
if (stat(target_path, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ||
!(st.st_mode & 0111) || st.st_size < 4) {
ck_free(target_path);
FATAL("Program '%s' not found or not executable", fname);
}
} else {
while (env_path) {
u8 *cur_elem, *delim = strchr(env_path, ':');
if (delim) {
cur_elem = ck_alloc(delim - env_path + 1);
if (unlikely(!cur_elem)) {
FATAL(
"Unexpected overflow when processing ENV. This should never "
"happend.");
}
memcpy(cur_elem, env_path, delim - env_path);
delim++;
} else {
cur_elem = ck_strdup(env_path);
}
env_path = delim;
if (cur_elem[0]) {
target_path = alloc_printf("%s/%s", cur_elem, fname);
} else {
target_path = ck_strdup(fname);
}
ck_free(cur_elem);
if (!stat(target_path, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
(st.st_mode & 0111) && st.st_size >= 4) {
break;
}
ck_free(target_path);
target_path = NULL;
}
if (!target_path) {
FATAL("Program '%s' not found or not executable", fname);
}
}
return target_path;
}
u8 *find_afl_binary(u8 *own_loc, u8 *fname) {
u8 *afl_path = NULL, *target_path, *own_copy, *tmp;
int perm = X_OK;
if ((tmp = strrchr(fname, '.'))) {
if (!strcasecmp(tmp, ".so") || !strcasecmp(tmp, ".dylib")) { perm = R_OK; }
}
if ((afl_path = getenv("AFL_PATH"))) {
target_path = alloc_printf("%s/%s", afl_path, fname);
if (!access(target_path, perm)) {
return target_path;
} else {
ck_free(target_path);
}
}
if (own_loc) {
own_copy = ck_strdup(own_loc);
u8 *rsl = strrchr(own_copy, '/');
if (rsl) {
*rsl = 0;
target_path = alloc_printf("%s/%s", own_copy, fname);
ck_free(own_copy);
if (!access(target_path, perm)) {
return target_path;
} else {
ck_free(target_path);
}
} else {
ck_free(own_copy);
}
}
if (perm == X_OK) {
target_path = alloc_printf("%s/%s", BIN_PATH, fname);
} else {
target_path = alloc_printf("%s/%s", AFL_PATH, fname);
}
if (!access(target_path, perm)) {
return target_path;
} else {
ck_free(target_path);
}
if (perm == X_OK) {
return find_binary(fname);
} else {
FATAL("Library '%s' not found", fname);
}
}
int parse_afl_kill_signal(u8 *numeric_signal_as_str, int default_signal) {
if (numeric_signal_as_str && numeric_signal_as_str[0]) {
char *endptr;
u8 signal_code;
signal_code = (u8)strtoul(numeric_signal_as_str, &endptr, 10);
/* Did we manage to parse the full string? */
if (*endptr != '\0' || endptr == (char *)numeric_signal_as_str) {
FATAL("Invalid signal name: %s", numeric_signal_as_str);
} else {
return signal_code;
}
}
return default_signal;
}
void configure_afl_kill_signals(afl_forkserver_t *fsrv,
char *afl_kill_signal_env,
char *afl_fsrv_kill_signal_env,
int default_server_kill_signal) {
afl_kill_signal_env =
afl_kill_signal_env ? afl_kill_signal_env : getenv("AFL_KILL_SIGNAL");
afl_fsrv_kill_signal_env = afl_fsrv_kill_signal_env
? afl_fsrv_kill_signal_env
: getenv("AFL_FORK_SERVER_KILL_SIGNAL");
fsrv->child_kill_signal = parse_afl_kill_signal(afl_kill_signal_env, SIGKILL);
if (afl_kill_signal_env && !afl_fsrv_kill_signal_env) {
/*
Set AFL_FORK_SERVER_KILL_SIGNAL to the value of AFL_KILL_SIGNAL for
backwards compatibility. However, if AFL_FORK_SERVER_KILL_SIGNAL is set, is
takes precedence.
*/
afl_fsrv_kill_signal_env = afl_kill_signal_env;
}
fsrv->fsrv_kill_signal = parse_afl_kill_signal(afl_fsrv_kill_signal_env,
default_server_kill_signal);
}
static inline unsigned int helper_min3(unsigned int a, unsigned int b,
unsigned int c) {
return a < b ? (a < c ? a : c) : (b < c ? b : c);
}
// from
// https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithm_Implementation/Strings/Levenshtein_distance#C
static int string_distance_levenshtein(char *s1, char *s2) {
unsigned int s1len, s2len, x, y, lastdiag, olddiag;
s1len = strlen(s1);
s2len = strlen(s2);
unsigned int column[s1len + 1];
column[s1len] = 1;
for (y = 1; y <= s1len; y++)
column[y] = y;
for (x = 1; x <= s2len; x++) {
column[0] = x;
for (y = 1, lastdiag = x - 1; y <= s1len; y++) {
olddiag = column[y];
column[y] = helper_min3(column[y] + 1, column[y - 1] + 1,
lastdiag + (s1[y - 1] == s2[x - 1] ? 0 : 1));
lastdiag = olddiag;
}
}
return column[s1len];
}
#define ENV_SIMILARITY_TRESHOLD 3
void print_suggested_envs(char *mispelled_env) {
size_t env_name_len =
strcspn(mispelled_env, "=") - 4; // remove the AFL_prefix
char *env_name = ck_alloc(env_name_len + 1);
memcpy(env_name, mispelled_env + 4, env_name_len);
char *seen = ck_alloc(sizeof(afl_environment_variables) / sizeof(char *));
int found = 0;
int j;
for (j = 0; afl_environment_variables[j] != NULL; ++j) {
char *afl_env = afl_environment_variables[j] + 4;
int distance = string_distance_levenshtein(afl_env, env_name);
if (distance < ENV_SIMILARITY_TRESHOLD && seen[j] == 0) {
SAYF("Did you mean %s?\n", afl_environment_variables[j]);
seen[j] = 1;
found = 1;
}
}
if (found) goto cleanup;
for (j = 0; afl_environment_variables[j] != NULL; ++j) {
char *afl_env = afl_environment_variables[j] + 4;
size_t afl_env_len = strlen(afl_env);
char *reduced = ck_alloc(afl_env_len + 1);
size_t start = 0;
while (start < afl_env_len) {
size_t end = start + strcspn(afl_env + start, "_") + 1;
memcpy(reduced, afl_env, start);
if (end < afl_env_len) {
memcpy(reduced + start, afl_env + end, afl_env_len - end);
}
if (afl_env_len + start >= end) {
reduced[afl_env_len - end + start] = 0;
}
int distance = string_distance_levenshtein(reduced, env_name);
if (distance < ENV_SIMILARITY_TRESHOLD && seen[j] == 0) {
SAYF("Did you mean %s?\n", afl_environment_variables[j]);
seen[j] = 1;
found = 1;
}
start = end;
};
ck_free(reduced);
}
if (found) goto cleanup;
char *reduced = ck_alloc(env_name_len + 1);
size_t start = 0;
while (start < env_name_len) {
size_t end = start + strcspn(env_name + start, "_") + 1;
memcpy(reduced, env_name, start);
if (end < env_name_len)
memcpy(reduced + start, env_name + end, env_name_len - end);
reduced[env_name_len - end + start] = 0;
for (j = 0; afl_environment_variables[j] != NULL; ++j) {
int distance = string_distance_levenshtein(
afl_environment_variables[j] + 4, reduced);
if (distance < ENV_SIMILARITY_TRESHOLD && seen[j] == 0) {
SAYF("Did you mean %s?\n", afl_environment_variables[j]);
seen[j] = 1;
}
}
start = end;
};
ck_free(reduced);
cleanup:
ck_free(env_name);
ck_free(seen);
}
void check_environment_vars(char **envp) {
if (be_quiet) { return; }
int index = 0, issue_detected = 0;
char *env, *val, *ignore = getenv("AFL_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_ENVS");
while ((env = envp[index++]) != NULL) {
if (strncmp(env, "ALF_", 4) == 0 || strncmp(env, "_ALF", 4) == 0 ||
strncmp(env, "__ALF", 5) == 0 || strncmp(env, "_AFL", 4) == 0 ||
strncmp(env, "__AFL", 5) == 0) {
WARNF("Potentially mistyped AFL environment variable: %s", env);
issue_detected = 1;
} else if (strncmp(env, "AFL_", 4) == 0) {
int i = 0, match = 0;
while (match == 0 && afl_environment_variables[i] != NULL) {
if (strncmp(env, afl_environment_variables[i],
strlen(afl_environment_variables[i])) == 0 &&
env[strlen(afl_environment_variables[i])] == '=') {
match = 1;
if ((val = getenv(afl_environment_variables[i])) && !*val) {
WARNF(
"AFL environment variable %s defined but is empty, this can "
"lead to unexpected consequences",
afl_environment_variables[i]);
issue_detected = 1;
}
} else {
i++;
}
}
i = 0;
while (match == 0 && afl_environment_deprecated[i] != NULL) {
if (strncmp(env, afl_environment_deprecated[i],
strlen(afl_environment_deprecated[i])) == 0 &&
env[strlen(afl_environment_deprecated[i])] == '=') {
match = 1;
WARNF("AFL environment variable %s is deprecated!",
afl_environment_deprecated[i]);
issue_detected = 1;
} else {
i++;
}
}
if (match == 0 && !ignore) {
WARNF("Mistyped AFL environment variable: %s", env);
issue_detected = 1;
print_suggested_envs(env);
}
}
}
if (issue_detected) { sleep(2); }
}
char *get_afl_env(char *env) {
char *val;
if ((val = getenv(env))) {
if (*val) {
if (!be_quiet) {
OKF("Enabled environment variable %s with value %s", env, val);
}
return val;
}
}
return NULL;
}
bool extract_and_set_env(u8 *env_str) {
if (!env_str) { return false; }
bool ret = false; // return false by default
u8 *p = ck_strdup(env_str);
u8 *end = p + strlen((char *)p);
u8 *rest = p;
u8 closing_sym = ' ';
u8 c;
size_t num_pairs = 0;
while (rest < end) {
while (*rest == ' ') {
rest++;
}
if (rest + 1 >= end) break;
u8 *key = rest;
// env variable names may not start with numbers or '='
if (*key == '=' || (*key >= '0' && *key <= '9')) { goto free_and_return; }
while (rest < end && *rest != '=' && *rest != ' ') {
c = *rest;
// lowercase is bad but we may still allow it
if ((c < 'A' || c > 'Z') && (c < 'a' || c > 'z') &&
(c < '0' || c > '9') && c != '_') {
goto free_and_return;
}
rest++;
}
if (*rest != '=') { goto free_and_return; }
*rest = '\0'; // done with variable name
rest += 1;
if (rest >= end || *rest == ' ') { goto free_and_return; }
u8 *val = rest;
if (*val == '\'' || *val == '"') {
closing_sym = *val;
val += 1;
rest += 1;
if (rest >= end) { goto free_and_return; }
} else {
closing_sym = ' ';
}
while (rest < end && *rest != closing_sym) {
rest++;
}
if (closing_sym != ' ' && *rest != closing_sym) { goto free_and_return; }
*rest = '\0'; // done with variable value
rest += 1;
num_pairs++;
setenv(key, val, 1);
}
if (num_pairs) { ret = true; }
free_and_return:
ck_free(p);
return ret;
}
/* Read mask bitmap from file. This is for the -B option. */
void read_bitmap(u8 *fname, u8 *map, size_t len) {
s32 fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) { PFATAL("Unable to open '%s'", fname); }
ck_read(fd, map, len, fname);
close(fd);
}
/* Get unix time in milliseconds */
u64 get_cur_time(void) {
struct timeval tv;
struct timezone tz;
gettimeofday(&tv, &tz);
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000ULL) + (tv.tv_usec / 1000);
}
/* Get unix time in microseconds */
u64 get_cur_time_us(void) {
struct timeval tv;
struct timezone tz;
gettimeofday(&tv, &tz);
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000000ULL) + tv.tv_usec;
}
/* Describe integer. The buf should be
at least 6 bytes to fit all ints we randomly see.
Will return buf for convenience. */
u8 *stringify_int(u8 *buf, size_t len, u64 val) {
\
#define CHK_FORMAT(_divisor, _limit_mult, _fmt, _cast) \
do { \
\
if (val < (_divisor) * (_limit_mult)) { \
\
snprintf(buf, len, _fmt, ((_cast)val) / (_divisor)); \
return buf; \
\
} \
\
} while (0)
/* 0-9999 */
CHK_FORMAT(1, 10000, "%llu", u64);
/* 10.0k - 99.9k */
CHK_FORMAT(1000, 99.95, "%0.01fk", double);
/* 100k - 999k */