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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: joss/paper.md
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bibliography: nt.bib
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---
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# Summary
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# Introduction
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Spatial transforms formalize mappings between coordinates of objects in biomedical images.
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Transforms typically are the outcome of image registration methodologies, which estimate the alignment between two images.
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Image registration is a prominent task present in image processing.
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In neuroimaging, the proliferation of image registration software implementations has resulted in a disparate collection of structures and file formats used to preserve and communicate the transformation.
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Image registration is a prominent task present in almost any image processing workflow.
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**Statement of need**. In neuroimaging, the proliferation of image registration software implementations has resulted in a disparate collection of structures and file formats used to preserve and communicate the transformation.
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This assortment of formats presents the challenge of compatibility between tools and endangers the reproducibility of results.
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_NiTransforms_ is a Python tool capable of reading and writing tranforms produced by the most popular neuroimaging software (AFNI [@cox_software_1997], FSL [@jenkinson_fsl_2012], FreeSurfer [@fischl_freesurfer_2012], ITK via ANTs [@avants_symmetric_2008], and SPM [@friston_statistical_2006]).
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**Summary**. _NiTransforms_ is a Python tool capable of reading and writing tranforms produced by the most popular neuroimaging software (AFNI [@cox_software_1997], FSL [@jenkinson_fsl_2012], FreeSurfer [@fischl_freesurfer_2012], ITK via ANTs [@avants_symmetric_2008], and SPM [@friston_statistical_2006]).
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Additionally, the tool provides seamless conversion between these formats, as well as the ability of applying the transforms to other images.
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_NiTransforms_ is inspired by `NiBabel`[@brett_nibabel_2006], a Python package with a collection of tools to read, write and handle neuroimaging data, and will be included as a new module.
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_NiTransforms_ is inspired by _NiBabel_[@brett_nibabel_2006], a Python package with a collection of tools to read, write and handle neuroimaging data, and will be included as a new module.
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# Spatial transforms
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# Implementation
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We first mathematically formulate the problem of spatial alignment of images and highlight common pitfalls.
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We then justify the architectural design of _NiTransforms_ and describe the major elements of the implementation.
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## Methods
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Let $\vec{x}$ represent the coordinates of a point in the reference coordinate system $R$, and $\vec{x}'$ its projection on to another coordinate system $M$:
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$T\colon R \subset \mathbb{R}^n \to M \subset \mathbb{R}^n$
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Therefore, "applying a transform" entails two operations: first, transforming the coordinates of the samples in the reference image $R$ to find their mapping $\vec{x}'$ on $M$ via $T\{\cdot\}$, and second an interpolation step as $\vec{x}'$ will likely fall off-the-grid of the moving image $M$.
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These two operations are confusing because, while the spatial transformation projects from $R$ to $M$, the data flows in reversed way after the interpolation of the values of $M$ at the mapped coordinates $\vec{x}'$.

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# Software Architecture
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##Software Architecture
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There are four main components within the tool: an `io` submodule to handle the structure of the various file formats, a `base` submodule where abstract classes are defined, a `linear` submodule implementing $n$-dimensional linear transforms, and a `nonlinear` submodule for both parametric and non-parametric nonlinear transforms.
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Furthermore, _NiTranforms_ provides a straightforward _Application Programming Interface_ (API) that allows researchers to map point sets via transforms, as well as apply transforms (i.e., mapping the coordinates and interpolating the data) to data structures with ease.
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