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<h4 id="1、掌握jq常用的获取元素对象的方式以及常用的选择器"><a href="#1、掌握jq常用的获取元素对象的方式以及常用的选择器" class="headerlink" title="1、掌握jq常用的获取元素对象的方式以及常用的选择器"></a>1、掌握jq常用的获取元素对象的方式以及常用的选择器</h4><blockquote>
<p>jquery通过选择器的方式获取的元素，不一定只获取一个，而是不管获取到几个都会返回一个元素集合（类数组），这些元素在类数组中获得了一个索引值。原生方法获取不到时会返回null，jq获取不到仍然返回一个对象。在jq的返回对象中有一个length属性，这个属性表示获取到的个数。</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li>基本选择器</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>id 选择器 #ID</li>
<li>className 类选择器 .className</li>
<li>标签选择器 p ul li div<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'id 选择器'</span>, $(<span class="string">'#tabBox'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'className 选择器'</span>, $(<span class="string">'.header'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'标签选择器 '</span>, $(<span class="string">'li'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'原生方法获取不到时 '</span>, <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'zhangsan'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'jq 获取不到时'</span>, $(<span class="string">'#tabBox>li'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li>层级选择器<ul>
<li>后代选择器 就是一个空格 #tabBox li （获取id为tabBox的所有子孙代中的li）；</li>
<li>子级选择器 > #tabBox > ul (只在儿子代中查找)</li>
<li>兄弟选择器 + .header + div </li>
<li>获取所有的弟弟 li.active ~ </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#tabBox li'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header + div'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'li.active ~'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="3">
<li>过滤选择器<ul>
<li>:first 获取第一个</li>
<li>:last 获取最后一个</li>
<li>:odd 获取奇数索引的</li>
<li>:even 获取偶数索引的</li>
<li>:not(selector) 除了selector的都要； :not(first) 除了第一个都要</li>
<li>:eq(index) 获取索引为index的</li>
<li>:gt(index) 获取比索引index大的</li>
<li>:lt(index) 获取比索引index小的</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:first'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:last'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:odd'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:even'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:not(:first)'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:eq(1)'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:gt(1)'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li:lt(1)'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="4">
<li>内容选择器<ul>
<li>:contains(‘内容’) 获取包含指定内容的元素</li>
<li>:empty 获取空标签元素</li>
<li>:has(selector) 获取包含指定选择器元素的元素</li>
<li>:hidden 获取不可见的元素对象</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'p:contains("霸道")'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'p:empty'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'p:has("span")'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'p:hidden'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="5">
<li>属性选择器<ul>
<li>[attr=val] 获取含有属性attr并且其值是val的元素</li>
<li>[attr^=val] 获取含有attr属性并且其值是以val开头的元素</li>
<li>[attr$=val] 获取含有attr属性并且其值是以val结尾的元素</li>
<li>5.4 [attr*=val] 获取含有attr属性并且其值包含val的元素</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'input[name=man]'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'input[name^=man]'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'input[name$=man]'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'input[name*=man]'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="2、jq对象和原生元素对象互转"><a href="#2、jq对象和原生元素对象互转" class="headerlink" title="2、jq对象和原生元素对象互转"></a>2、jq对象和原生元素对象互转</h4><blockquote>
<p><code>jq对象转原生对象</code>：jq对象中索引对应的就是原生元素对象，我们可以通过[索引]就能获取到这个原生对象，此外还有两种方法可以获取这个原生对象</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// jq对象.get(index) index 是你想获取的原生对象的索引</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// let $ul = $('#emptyUl');</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// console.log($ul[0]);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// console.log($ul.get(0));</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>原生对象转jq对象</code>：将我们通过原生方法获取到原生对象当做参数传给<strong>$方法（$(原生对象)）</strong>就可以把原生对象转成jq对象。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> ul = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'emptyUl'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> $ul = $(ul); <span class="comment">// 把ul原生对象当做实参传给 $() 方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($ul);</span><br><span class="line">$ul.html(<span class="string">'<li>转换之后就是爽</li>'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">ul.html(<span class="string">'<li>123456789</li>'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="3、jq常用的方法"><a href="#3、jq常用的方法" class="headerlink" title="3、jq常用的方法"></a>3、jq常用的方法</h4><blockquote>
<p>以 <strong>let $tabBox = $(‘#tabBox’)</strong> 为例</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><code>height()</code>: 不传参数是获取元素对象的高度，传参就是修改元素对象的高度</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.height());</span><br><span class="line">$tabBox.height(<span class="number">200</span> + <span class="string">'rem'</span>); </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 默认单位是px，如果需要其他单位，就需要显示的设置，如设置rem（一个单位）</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li><code>width()</code>: 获取元素对象的宽度，传递参数是设置元素对象的宽度</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.width());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="3">
<li><code>offset</code> 获取元素到body左侧和上侧的偏移距离，返回值是一个对象{left: ,top: }</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.offset());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="4">
<li><code>scrollTop() / scrollLeft()</code> 获取纵向 / 横向滚动条卷去的距离<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="built_in">document</span>.documentElement).scrollTop());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<ol start="5">
<li><code>innerHeight() / innerWidth()</code>获取当前元素的高度 / 宽度 等效于</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">clientHeight / clientWidth</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.innerHeight());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.innerWidth());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="6">
<li><code>outerHeight() / outerWidth()</code> 获取元素包含边框的高度/宽度 相当于 offsetHeight / offsetWidth</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.outerHeight());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="7">
<li><code>hasClass(类名)</code> 判断当前元素有没有这个类名，有就返回true否则返回false</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.hasClass(<span class="string">'tabBox1'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="8">
<li><code>addClass(类名)</code>为当前元素追加类名，返回当前jq元素对象（return this）</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.addClass(<span class="string">'classByJq'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="9">
<li><code>removeClass(类名)</code> 移除当前元素的某一个类名，返回当前jq元素对象</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($tabBox.removeClass(<span class="string">'classByJq'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="10">
<li><code>append()</code> 向元素对象内追加元素</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> $emptyUl = $(<span class="string">'#emptyUl'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">$emptyUl.append($(<span class="string">'<li>12345678</li>'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="11">
<li><code>元素.appendTo(容器)</code>将当前插入到指定容器中</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'<li>aaaaaaaaaaa</li>'</span>).appendTo($emptyUl);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="12">
<li><code>prepend() / prependTo()</code> 向容器开头添加元素对象</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$emptyUl.prepend($(<span class="string">'<li>bbbbbbbbbb</li>'</span>));</span><br><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'<li>ccccccccc</li>'</span>).prependTo($emptyUl);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="13">
<li><code>before() / after()</code> 给当前元素之前或者之后添加【兄弟】元素<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$emptyUl.before($(<span class="string">'<li>ddddddddd</li>'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<ol start="14">
<li><p><code>insertBefore() / insertAfter</code> 将当前元素添加到参照元素之前或者之后</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> newObj = $(<span class="string">'<div>wwwwww</div>'</span>); </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 使用jq创建一个新元素，无需createElement。</span></span><br><span class="line">newObj.insertBefore($emptyUl);</span><br><span class="line">newObj.insertAfter($emptyUl);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>replaceAll(selector)</code> 用当前元素替换selector匹配到元素</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'<ol></ol>'</span>).replaceAll(<span class="string">'ul'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="16">
<li><p><code>元素.remove()</code> 移除元素</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$emptyUl.remove();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>next() / nextAll()</code> 获取当前元素的下一个弟弟 / 获取所有的弟弟</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($emptyUl.next());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($emptyUl.nextAll());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>prev() / prevAll()</code>获取当前元素的上一个哥哥 / 获取当前元素所有的哥哥</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#contentFilter'</span>).prev());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#contentFilter'</span>).prevAll());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>children()</code> 获取当前元素的元素儿子</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#contentFilter'</span>).children()); <span class="comment">// 获取所有的儿子</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#contentFilter'</span>).children(<span class="string">'.first'</span>)); <span class="comment">// 获取有first类名的儿子（children() 方法还可以使用其他选择器过滤）</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>parent()</code> 获取当前元素的元素父亲</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.first'</span>).parent());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>filter(selector)</code> 在同级中把满足selector的元素获取到（同级查找，在兄弟之间查找）</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'.header li'</span>).filter(<span class="string">'.active'</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 把header下的li并且是带有active类名的li获取到</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>find(selector)</code> 从当前元素的后代中获取满足selector的元素</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#tabBox'</span>).find(<span class="string">'li.active'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong><code>css 方法</code></strong>，</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>元素.css(‘width’) 获取元素的width</li>
<li>元素.css(‘width’, ‘200px’) 设置元素的width</li>
<li>元素.css({width: ‘200px’, backgroundColor: ‘#00b38a’})</li>
<li>$(‘#tabBox’).css(‘height’, 250); // 不写单位，默认单位是px</li>
<li>console.log($(‘#tabBox’).css(‘width’)); // 返回了一个字符串，后面就不能链式调用（链式调用也叫级联）</li>
<li>console.log($(‘#tabBox’).css(‘width’, 200)); // 返回了jq对象，可以继续链式调用</li>
</ul>
<ol start="24">
<li><p><code>text()</code> 传参就是设置元素的innerText，不传是获取元素的innerText</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#tabBox'</span>).text());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'li.active'</span>).text());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'li.active'</span>).text(<span class="string">'嘻哈'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>html()</code> 传参就是设置元素的innerHTML，不传参就是获取innerHTML</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#tabBox'</span>).html());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log($(<span class="string">'#tabBox'</span>).html(<span class="string">'<p>这是一个p</p>'</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="4、jq绑定事件和移除事件的方法"><a href="#4、jq绑定事件和移除事件的方法" class="headerlink" title="4、jq绑定事件和移除事件的方法"></a>4、jq绑定事件和移除事件的方法</h4><blockquote>
<p>1、 将原生事件名中on去掉，例如onclick，jq提供了一个对应事件名的方法，click() ，要把事件触发时的执行的事件函数作为参数传给click方法。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">btn.onclick = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> alert(<span class="string">'来啊，快活啊'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 以上为原生方法</span></span><br><span class="line">$(btn).click(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> alert(<span class="string">'来啊，快活啊'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> fun = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> alert(<span class="string">'欢迎下次常来'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line">$(btn).click(fun);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>2、 on() 方法：语法：jq对象.on(事件名[不带on], 事件函数);</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(btn).on(<span class="string">'click'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'这个是on方法绑定的'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>3、 trigger() 用代码触发事件 参数就是不带on的事件名 ；返回值是当前jq对象，可以继续链式调用</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#btn'</span>).trigger(<span class="string">'click'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>4、off() 移除事件，参数是不带on的事件名，返回值是当前jq对象，可以继续链式调用</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#btn'</span>).off(<span class="string">'click'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="5、jq简单动画效果"><a href="#5、jq简单动画效果" class="headerlink" title="5、jq简单动画效果"></a>5、jq简单动画效果</h4><blockquote>
<p><code>hide() / show()</code> 隐藏元素 / 显示元素 参数是完成动画时间(ms) ，还可以写 ‘slow’慢（600ms）， ‘fast’ 快(200ms)</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#bt1'</span>).click(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).hide(<span class="string">'fast'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#bt2'</span>).on(<span class="string">'click'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).show(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>slideUp() / slideDown()</code> 向上滑动收起 / 向下滑动展开</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#bt1'</span>).click(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).slideUp();</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#bt2'</span>).on(<span class="string">'click'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).slideDown();</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>fadeIn() / fadeOut()</code> 淡入/淡出</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#bt1'</span>).click(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).fadeOut();</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#bt2'</span>).on(<span class="string">'click'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).fadeIn();</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>slideToggle()</code> 第一次如果是收起的，执行slideToggle就是展开，如果上一次是展开的，我们执行slideToggle就是收起，适合做点击展开，再点击收起的需求</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#bt3'</span>).on(<span class="string">'click'</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> $(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).slideToggle();</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>animate() 语法：<code>$(selector).animate(target, duration, easing, afterCallback)</code></p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'.a-obj'</span>).animate({</span><br><span class="line"> left: <span class="number">300</span></span><br><span class="line">}, <span class="number">4000</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>stop()</code> 停止当前元素正在进行的动画，不管到没到终点都得停；<br><code>finish()</code> 停止当前元素正在进行的动画，但是它是忽略动画规定的时间，一下子到终点。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="6、jq-ajax的使用方法、配置参数及意义"><a href="#6、jq-ajax的使用方法、配置参数及意义" class="headerlink" title="6、jq ajax的使用方法、配置参数及意义"></a>6、jq ajax的使用方法、配置参数及意义</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$.ajax({</span><br><span class="line"> url: <span class="string">'json/data.json'</span>, <span class="comment">// 接口地址</span></span><br><span class="line"> method: <span class="string">'GET'</span>, <span class="comment">// 请求方式</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">async</span>: <span class="literal">false</span>, <span class="comment">// 是否异步</span></span><br><span class="line"> dataType: <span class="string">'json'</span>, <span class="comment">// 数据类型 一般为json，也可以设置其他如xml</span></span><br><span class="line"> success: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">data</span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(data)</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> error: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">err</span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(err)</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> cache: <span class="literal">false</span> <span class="comment">// 是否设置缓存 一般不缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="7、jq-的each方法遍历常用的数据结构"><a href="#7、jq-的each方法遍历常用的数据结构" class="headerlink" title="7、jq 的each方法遍历常用的数据结构"></a>7、jq 的each方法遍历常用的数据结构</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 遍历数组</span></span><br><span class="line">$.each([<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>], <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">index, item</span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(index, item);</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 遍历对象</span></span><br><span class="line">$.each({<span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'zf'</span>, <span class="attr">age</span>: <span class="number">11</span>}, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">key, val</span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(key, val);</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>jq内部隐式调用each</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'.header > li'</span>).click(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// jq内部如果发现你获取到是一个元素集合，它会隐式调用each方法循环完成事件绑定。</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// jq事件函数中的this指向绑定该事件的元素。</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="8、向jq自身上扩展方法-amp-向jq原型上添加方法"><a href="#8、向jq自身上扩展方法-amp-向jq原型上添加方法" class="headerlink" title="8、向jq自身上扩展方法&向jq原型上添加方法"></a>8、向jq自身上扩展方法&向jq原型上添加方法</h4><ol>
<li>向jq自身上扩展方法: $.extend({方法名：方法对应的函数, ….})</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$.extend({</span><br><span class="line"> sayName: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'I am bingo'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line">$.sayName();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// $('#fields').sayName(); // 报错，因为方法是定义jq自身的，只能jq自己调用</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>向jq的原型上扩展方法：$.fn.extend({方法名：function () {}, …})</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$.fn.extend({</span><br><span class="line"> hello: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'hello world'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$(<span class="string">'#fields'</span>).hello();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="HTTP"><a href="#HTTP" class="headerlink" title="HTTP"></a>HTTP</h2><h3 id="HTTP介绍"><a href="#HTTP介绍" class="headerlink" title="HTTP介绍"></a>HTTP介绍</h3><p>HTTP协议（HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）是因特网上应用最为广泛的一种网络传输协议，所有的WWW文件都必须遵守这个标准。它是是一个基于TCP/IP通信协议来传递数据（HTML 文件, 图片文件, 查询结果等）。</p>
<p>HTTP协议工作于客户端-服务端架构上。浏览器作为HTTP客户端通过URL向HTTP服务端即WEB服务器发送所有请求。</p>
<h3 id="HTTP消息结构"><a href="#HTTP消息结构" class="headerlink" title="HTTP消息结构"></a>HTTP消息结构</h3><p>HTTP是基于客户端/服务端（C/S）的架构模型，通过一个可靠的链接来交换信息，是一个无状态的请求/响应协议。<br>一个HTTP”客户端”是一个应用程序（Web浏览器或其他任何客户端），通过连接到服务器达到向服务器发送一个或多个HTTP的请求的目的。<br>一个HTTP”服务器”同样也是一个应用程序（通常是一个Web服务，如Apache Web服务器或IIS服务器等），通过接收客户端的请求并向客户端发送HTTP响应数据。<br>HTTP使用统一资源标识符（Uniform Resource Identifiers, URI）来传输数据和建立连接。<br>一旦建立连接后，数据消息就通过类似Internet邮件所使用的格式[RFC5322]和多用途Internet邮件扩展（MIME）[RFC2045]来传送。</p>
<h3 id="HTTP传输流"><a href="#HTTP传输流" class="headerlink" title="HTTP传输流"></a>HTTP传输流</h3><img src="https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/4/17/162d19df66466f6b?imageslim">
<h3 id="请求报文"><a href="#请求报文" class="headerlink" title="请求报文"></a>请求报文</h3><p>客户端发送一个HTTP请求到服务器的请求消息包括以下格式：请求行（request line）、请求头部（header）、空行和请求数据四个部分组成</p>
<img src="/images/报文.png" class="[class names]">
<h3 id="HTTP请求方法"><a href="#HTTP请求方法" class="headerlink" title="HTTP请求方法"></a>HTTP请求方法</h3><p>根据 HTTP 标准，HTTP 请求可以使用多种请求方法。</p>
<p>HTTP1.0 定义了三种请求方法： GET, POST 和 HEAD方法。<br>HTTP1.1 新增了五种请求方法：OPTIONS、PUT、DELETE、TRACE 和 CONNECT 方法。</p>
<ul>
<li>OPTIONS 允许客户端查看服务器的性能。</li>
<li>PUT 从客户端向服务器传送的数据取代指定的文档的内容。</li>
<li>DELETE 请求服务器删除指定的页面。</li>
<li>TRACE 回显服务器收到的请求，主要用于测试或诊断。</li>
<li>CONNECT HTTP/1.1 协议中预留给能够将连接改为管道方式的代理服务器。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="HTTP常用的状态码"><a href="#HTTP常用的状态码" class="headerlink" title="HTTP常用的状态码"></a>HTTP常用的状态码</h3><blockquote>
<p>2XX 成功</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>200 OK，表示从客户端发来的请求在服务器端被正确处理</li>
<li>204 No content，表示请求成功，但响应报文不含实体的主体部分</li>
<li>206 Partial Content，进行范围请求</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>3XX 重定向</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>301 moved permanently，永久性重定向，表示资源已被分配了新的 URL</li>
<li>302 found，临时性重定向，表示资源临时被分配了新的 URL</li>
<li>303 see other，表示资源存在着另一个 URL，应使用 GET 方法丁香获取资源</li>
<li>304 not modified，表示服务器允许访问资源，但因发生请求未满足条件的情况</li>
<li>307 temporary redirect，临时重定向，和302含义相同</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>4XX 客户端错误</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>400 bad request，请求报文存在语法错误</li>
<li>401 unauthorized，表示发送的请求需要有通过 HTTP 认证的认证信息</li>
<li>403 forbidden，表示对请求资源的访问被服务器拒绝</li>
<li>404 not found，表示在服务器上没有找到请求的资源</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>5XX 服务器错误</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>500 internal sever error，表示服务器端在执行请求时发生了错误</li>
<li>503 service unavailable，表明服务器暂时处于超负载或正在停机维护，无法处理请求</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="304-浏览器缓存机制"><a href="#304-浏览器缓存机制" class="headerlink" title="304 浏览器缓存机制"></a>304 浏览器缓存机制</h4><img src="/images/http-cache.jpg">
<blockquote><p>缓存过程 -> 强制缓存和协商缓存</p>
<footer><strong>HeyingYe</strong><cite><a href="https://heyingye.github.io/2018/04/16/%E5%BD%BB%E5%BA%95%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">彻底理解浏览器的缓存机制</a></cite></footer></blockquote>
<h3 id="HTTP三点注意事项："><a href="#HTTP三点注意事项：" class="headerlink" title="HTTP三点注意事项："></a>HTTP三点注意事项：</h3><ul>
<li>HTTP是<code>无连接</code>：无连接的含义是限制每次连接只处理一个请求。服务器处理完客户的请求，并收到客户的应答后，即断开连接。采用这种方式可以节省传输时间。</li>
<li>HTTP是<code>媒体独立</code>的：这意味着，只要客户端和服务器知道如何处理的数据内容，任何类型的数据都可以通过HTTP发送。客户端以及服务器指定使用适合的MIME-type内容类型。</li>
<li>HTTP是<code>无状态</code>：HTTP协议是无状态协议。无状态是指协议对于事务处理没有记忆能力。缺少状态意味着如果后续处理需要前面的信息，则它必须重传，这样可能导致每次连接传送的数据量增大。另一方面，在服务器不需要先前信息时它的应答就较快。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="TCP"><a href="#TCP" class="headerlink" title="TCP"></a>TCP</h2><h3 id="三次握手"><a href="#三次握手" class="headerlink" title="三次握手"></a>三次握手</h3><ul>
<li>客户端–发送带有SYN标志的数据包–一次握手–服务端</li>
<li>服务端–发送带有SYN/ACK标志的数据包–二次握手–客户端</li>
<li>客户端–发送带有带有ACK标志的数据包–三次握手–服务端</li>
</ul>
<img src="/images/三次握手.png">
<h3 id="四次挥手"><a href="#四次挥手" class="headerlink" title="四次挥手"></a>四次挥手</h3><ul>
<li>客户端-发送一个FIN，用来关闭客户端到服务器的数据传送</li>
<li>服务器-收到这个FIN，它发回一个ACK，确认序号为收到的序号加1 。和SYN一样，一个FIN将占用一个序号</li>
<li>服务器-关闭与客户端的连接，发送一个FIN给客户端</li>
<li>客户端-发回ACK报文确认，并将确认序号设置为收到序号加1</li>
</ul>
<img src="/images/四次挥手.png">
<h3 id="TCP与UDP的区别："><a href="#TCP与UDP的区别：" class="headerlink" title="TCP与UDP的区别："></a>TCP与UDP的区别：</h3><ul>
<li>基于连接与无连接；</li>
<li>对系统资源的要求（TCP较多，UDP少）；</li>
<li>UDP程序结构较简单；</li>
<li>流模式与数据报模式 ；</li>
<li>TCP保证数据正确性，UDP可能丢包；</li>
<li>TCP保证数据顺序，UDP不保证。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="文章参考："><a href="#文章参考：" class="headerlink" title="文章参考："></a>文章参考：</h2><blockquote><footer><strong>白伟业</strong><cite><a href="https://juejin.im/post/5ad4094e6fb9a028d7011069" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tcp、http面试指南</a></cite></footer></blockquote>
<blockquote><footer><strong>寻找海蓝96</strong><cite><a href="https://juejin.im/post/5d032b77e51d45777a126183" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http面试</a></cite></footer></blockquote>
<blockquote><footer><strong>github</strong><cite><a href="https://hit-alibaba.github.io/interview/basic/network/TCP.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tcp协议</a></cite></footer></blockquote>
<blockquote><footer><strong>陈宝佳</strong><cite><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/24860273" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TCP和UDP的区别</a></cite></footer></blockquote>
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