timers: fix refresh too early to exit

Add an or option for put refresh back to work. #26721 one reason it
can't be overridden it only works in the callback of the current
timer(before `finally`).

Author: zero1five

lib/internal/timers.js

@@ -190,7 +190,8 @@ Timeout.prototype[inspect.custom] = function(_, options) {
 };
 
 Timeout.prototype.refresh = function() {
-  if (this[kRefed])
+  // Timers that are active or have been invoked.
+  if (this[kRefed] || this[kRefed] === null)
     active(this);
   else
     unrefActive(this);

test/parallel/test-timers-refresh-called.js

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+
+// Check only timer reactivated by `.refresh()` is in loop,
+// only the timer is still active.
+
+const timer = setTimeout(common.mustCall(() => {}, 2), 1);
+
+setTimeout(() => {
+  timer.refresh();
+}, 1);