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doc: copyedit buffer doc
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PR-URL: #4187
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <mic.besace@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>
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@Trott
Trott authored and Myles Borins committed Jan 19, 2016
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Stability: 2 - Stable

Pure JavaScript is Unicode friendly but not nice to binary data. When
Pure JavaScript is Unicode-friendly but not nice to binary data. When
dealing with TCP streams or the file system, it's necessary to handle octet
streams. Node.js has several strategies for manipulating, creating, and
consuming octet streams.
Expand All @@ -15,23 +15,23 @@ The `Buffer` class is a global, making it very rare that one would need
to ever `require('buffer')`.

Converting between Buffers and JavaScript string objects requires an explicit
encoding method. Here are the different string encodings.
encoding method. The different string encodings are:

* `'ascii'` - for 7 bit ASCII data only. This encoding method is very fast, and
* `'ascii'` - for 7-bit ASCII data only. This encoding method is very fast and
will strip the high bit if set.

* `'utf8'` - Multibyte encoded Unicode characters. Many web pages and other
document formats use UTF-8.

* `'utf16le'` - 2 or 4 bytes, little endian encoded Unicode characters.
* `'utf16le'` - 2 or 4 bytes, little-endian encoded Unicode characters.
Surrogate pairs (U+10000 to U+10FFFF) are supported.

* `'ucs2'` - Alias of `'utf16le'`.

* `'base64'` - Base64 string encoding.

* `'binary'` - A way of encoding the buffer into a one-byte (i.e. `latin-1`)
encoded string. The string `'latin-1'` is not supported. Instead simply pass
* `'binary'` - A way of encoding the buffer into a one-byte (`latin-1`)
encoded string. The string `'latin-1'` is not supported. Instead, pass
`'binary'` to use `'latin-1'` encoding.

* `'hex'` - Encode each byte as two hexadecimal characters.
Expand All @@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ Creating a typed array from a `Buffer` works with the following caveats:
with elements `[1,2,3,4]`, not a `Uint32Array` with a single element
`[0x1020304]` or `[0x4030201]`.

NOTE: Node.js v0.8 simply retained a reference to the buffer in `array.buffer`
instead of cloning it.
NOTE: Node.js v0.8 retained a reference to the buffer in `array.buffer` instead
of cloning it.

While more efficient, it introduces subtle incompatibilities with the typed
arrays specification. `ArrayBuffer#slice()` makes a copy of the slice while
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
* `size` Number

Allocates a new buffer of `size` bytes. `size` must be less than
1,073,741,824 bytes (1 GB) on 32 bits architectures or
2,147,483,648 bytes (2 GB) on 64 bits architectures,
otherwise a [`RangeError`][] is thrown.
1,073,741,824 bytes (1 GB) on 32-bit architectures or
2,147,483,648 bytes (2 GB) on 64-bit architectures.
Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown.

Unlike `ArrayBuffers`, the underlying memory for buffers is not initialized. So
the contents of a newly created `Buffer` are unknown and could contain
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -208,14 +208,14 @@ Example: copy an ASCII string into a buffer, one byte at a time:

// Node.js

Returns a boolean of whether `this` and `otherBuffer` have the same
Returns a boolean indicating whether `this` and `otherBuffer` have the same
bytes.

### buf.compare(otherBuffer)

* `otherBuffer` {Buffer}

Returns a number indicating whether `this` comes before or after or is
Returns a number indicating whether `this` comes before, after, or is
the same as the `otherBuffer` in sort order.


Expand All @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ the same as the `otherBuffer` in sort order.
* `sourceEnd` Number, Optional, Default: `buffer.length`

Copies data from a region of this buffer to a region in the target buffer even
if the target memory region overlaps with the source. If `undefined` the
if the target memory region overlaps with the source. If `undefined`, the
`targetStart` and `sourceStart` parameters default to `0` while `sourceEnd`
defaults to `buffer.length`.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ use [`buf.slice`][] to create a new buffer.
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads a 64 bit double from the buffer at the specified offset with specified
Reads a 64-bit double from the buffer at the specified offset with specified
endian format.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Example:
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads a 32 bit float from the buffer at the specified offset with specified
Reads a 32-bit float from the buffer at the specified offset with specified
endian format.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
Expand All @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ Example:
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads a signed 8 bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset.
Reads a signed 8-bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
may be beyond the end of the buffer. Defaults to `false`.
Expand All @@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ complement signed values.
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads a signed 16 bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
Reads a signed 16-bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
specified endian format.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
Expand All @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ complement signed values.
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads a signed 32 bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
Reads a signed 32-bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
specified endian format.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ may be beyond the end of the buffer. Defaults to `false`.
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads an unsigned 8 bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset.
Reads an unsigned 8-bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
may be beyond the end of the buffer. Defaults to `false`.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ Example:
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads an unsigned 16 bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
Reads an unsigned 16-bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
specified endian format.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ Example:
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false
* Return: Number

Reads an unsigned 32 bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer from the buffer at the specified offset with
specified endian format.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `offset`. This means that `offset`
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ See `buffer.write()` example, above.

### buf.toJSON()

Returns a JSON-representation of the Buffer instance. `JSON.stringify`
Returns a JSON representation of the Buffer instance. `JSON.stringify`
implicitly calls this function when stringifying a Buffer instance.

Example:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ The method will not write partial characters.
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset with specified endian
format. Note, `value` must be a valid 64 bit double.
format. `value` must be a valid 64-bit double.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ Example:
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset with specified endian
format. Note, behavior is unspecified if `value` is not a 32 bit float.
format. Behavior is unspecified if `value` is not a 32-bit float.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand All @@ -706,8 +706,8 @@ Example:
* `offset` Number
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset. Note, `value` must be a
valid signed 8 bit integer.
Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset. `value` must be a
valid signed 8-bit integer.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand All @@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ signed integer into `buffer`.
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset with specified endian
format. Note, `value` must be a valid signed 16 bit integer.
format. `value` must be a valid signed 16-bit integer.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand All @@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ complement signed integer into `buffer`.
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset with specified endian
format. Note, `value` must be a valid signed 32 bit integer.
format. `value` must be a valid signed 32-bit integer.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -778,8 +778,8 @@ to `false`.
* `offset` Number
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset. Note, `value` must be a
valid unsigned 8 bit integer.
Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset. `value` must be a
valid unsigned 8-bit integer.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand All @@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ Example:
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset with specified endian
format. Note, `value` must be a valid unsigned 16 bit integer.
format. `value` must be a valid unsigned 16-bit integer.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ Example:
* `noAssert` Boolean, Optional, Default: false

Writes `value` to the buffer at the specified offset with specified endian
format. Note, `value` must be a valid unsigned 32 bit integer.
format. `value` must be a valid unsigned 32-bit integer.

Set `noAssert` to true to skip validation of `value` and `offset`. This means
that `value` may be too large for the specific function and `offset` may be
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ be overridden by user modules. See [`util.inspect()`][] for more details on
`buffer.inspect()` behavior.

Note that this is a property on the buffer module returned by
`require('buffer')`, not on the Buffer global, or a buffer instance.
`require('buffer')`, not on the Buffer global or a buffer instance.

## ES6 iteration

Expand All @@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ Buffers can be iterated over using `for..of` syntax:
// 2
// 3

Additionally, `buffer.values()`, `buffer.keys()` and `buffer.entries()`
Additionally, the `buffer.values()`, `buffer.keys()`, and `buffer.entries()`
methods can be used to create iterators.

## Class: SlowBuffer
Expand All @@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ larger allocated object. This approach improves both performance and memory
usage since v8 does not need to track and cleanup as many `Persistent` objects.

In the case where a developer may need to retain a small chunk of memory from a
pool for an indeterminate amount of time it may be appropriate to create an
pool for an indeterminate amount of time, it may be appropriate to create an
un-pooled Buffer instance using SlowBuffer and copy out the relevant bits.

// need to keep around a few small chunks of memory
Expand All @@ -929,8 +929,8 @@ un-pooled Buffer instance using SlowBuffer and copy out the relevant bits.
store.push(sb);
});

Though this should be used sparingly and only be a last resort *after* a developer
has actively observed undue memory retention in their applications.
This should be used only as a last resort *after* a developer has observed
undue memory retention in their applications.

[`Array#indexOf()`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/indexOf
[`buf.fill(0)`]: #buffer_buf_fill_value_offset_end
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