events: allow monitoring error events

Installing an error listener has a side effect that emitted errors are
considered as handled. This is quite bad for monitoring/logging tools
which tend to be interested in errors but don't want to cause side
effects like swallow an exception.

There are some workarounds in the wild like monkey patching emit or
remit the error if monitoring tool detects that it is the only listener
but this is error prone and risky.

This PR allows to install a listener to monitor errors with the side
effect to consume the error. To avoid conflicts with other events it
exports a symbol on EventEmitter which owns this special meaning.

Refs: open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js#225

PR-URL: #30932
Refs: open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js#225
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

doc/api/events.md

@@ -155,6 +155,18 @@ myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
 // Prints: whoops! there was an error
 ```
 
+It is possible to monitor `'error'` events without consuming the emitted error
+by installing a listener using the symbol `errorMonitor`.
+
+```js
+const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
+myEmitter.on(EventEmitter.errorMonitor, (err) => {
+  MyMonitoringTool.log(err);
+});
+myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
+// Still throws and crashes Node.js
+```
+
 ## Capture Rejections of Promises
 
 > Stability: 1 - captureRejections is experimental.
@@ -348,6 +360,19 @@ the event emitter instance, the event’s name and the number of attached
 listeners, respectively.
 Its `name` property is set to `'MaxListenersExceededWarning'`.
 
+### EventEmitter.errorMonitor
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+This symbol shall be used to install a listener for only monitoring `'error'`
+events. Listeners installed using this symbol are called before the regular
+`'error'` listeners are called.
+
+Installing a listener using this symbol does not change the behavior once an
+`'error'` event is emitted, therefore the process will still crash if no
+regular `'error'` listener is installed.
+
 ### emitter.addListener(eventName, listener)
 <!-- YAML
 added: v0.1.26

lib/events.js

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ const {
 } = require('internal/util/inspect');
 
 const kCapture = Symbol('kCapture');
+const kErrorMonitor = Symbol('events.errorMonitor');
 
 function EventEmitter(opts) {
   EventEmitter.init.call(this, opts);
@@ -83,6 +84,13 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(EventEmitter, 'captureRejections', {
   enumerable: true
 });
 
+ObjectDefineProperty(EventEmitter, 'errorMonitor', {
+  value: kErrorMonitor,
+  writable: false,
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true
+});
+
 // The default for captureRejections is false
 ObjectDefineProperty(EventEmitter.prototype, kCapture, {
   value: false,
@@ -256,9 +264,11 @@ EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function emit(type, ...args) {
   let doError = (type === 'error');
 
   const events = this._events;
-  if (events !== undefined)
+  if (events !== undefined) {
+    if (doError && events[kErrorMonitor] !== undefined)
+      this.emit(kErrorMonitor, ...args);
     doError = (doError && events.error === undefined);
-  else if (!doError)
+  } else if (!doError)
     return false;
 
   // If there is no 'error' event listener then throw.

test/parallel/test-event-emitter-error-monitor.js

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+
+const EE = new EventEmitter();
+const theErr = new Error('MyError');
+
+EE.on(
+  EventEmitter.errorMonitor,
+  common.mustCall(function onErrorMonitor(e) {
+    assert.strictEqual(e, theErr);
+  }, 3)
+);
+
+// Verify with no error listener
+common.expectsError(
+  () => EE.emit('error', theErr), theErr
+);
+
+// Verify with error listener
+EE.once('error', common.mustCall((e) => assert.strictEqual(e, theErr)));
+EE.emit('error', theErr);
+
+
+// Verify it works with once
+process.nextTick(() => EE.emit('error', theErr));
+assert.rejects(EventEmitter.once(EE, 'notTriggered'), theErr);
+
+// Only error events trigger error monitor
+EE.on('aEvent', common.mustCall());
+EE.emit('aEvent');