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Microsoft Active Directory Lab

Credit goes to Josh Madakor for this lab! You can find his video here.

Tools and Requirements

  1. VirtualBox
  2. Windows Server 2019 ISO
  3. Windows 10 ISO
  4. Directory service: Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)
  5. PowerShell Script

Setting up Windows Server 2019 as a Domain Controller

Hardware

  • 2048 MB
  • 2 CPUs

Virtual Hard Disk

  • 50 GB

Settings

  • Network
    • Adapter 1 > NAT
    • Adapter 2 > Internal Network

Launch the Windows 2019 Server to continue set up

  • Windows Server 2019 Standard Evaluation (Desktop Experience)
  • Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)
  • Configure an Administrator account
    • U: Administrator
    • P: AdminPass

Configuring Internal and External NICs

  • Go to the Network Status screen in settings and change connection properties

  • You will not have internet access because the adapter is looking for the DHCP server that we have not configured yet

  • Rename Ethernet to INTERNET

  • Rename Ethernet2 to X_INTRANET_X

  • Right Click on X_INTRANET_X -> Properties
  • Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IP4) -> Properties -> Set the IP, Subnet mask, and DNS Server
  • The server will use itself as the DNS server because installing AD automatically installs DNS

Install Active Directory Domain Services and Create a Domain

Installing AD DS

  • Click add roles and features

  • Select your server

Under Server Roles check Active Directory Domain Services

Install!

Creating Your Domain

  • Click on Promote this server to a domain controller

  • Change the deployment option to Add new forest and name the domain

  • Set the password for your domain controller

  • Click Next until you get to the Prerequisites Check an click install

Create an admin user account

  • Navigate to Active Directory Users and Computers

  • Right click mydoimain.com and add a new Organizational Unit

  • Name the Org Unit __ADMINS

Add new users to the Organization unit
  • Right click __ADMINS -> New -> User

  • Click Next and set the password

  • Password: AdminPass

  • Check Password never expires

  • Right click on the new user -> Properties -> Member of -> Add

  • Type Domain Admins -> Click Check

  • Click OK an Apply

  • Sign out of the Administrator account an sign into Lisa Doe

Install RAS/NAT (Remote Access Server/Network Address Translation)

Installing RAS

  • By installing RAS on the domain controller clients will be able to have access to the internet
  • Click on Add roles and features
  • Click next until Server Roles
  • Check Remote Access
  • Click next until Role Services and check the Routing box
  • Click next through the rest of the wizard and Install

Installing NAS

  • Click Tools in the top right -> Routing and remote access

  • Right click on Domain Controller -> Configure and Enable Routing an Remote Access ![]assets/20230923153013.png)

  • Select NAT

  • Select INTERNET

Set up DHCP Server (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

  • Click on Add roles and features
  • Check DHCP -> Install
  • After installing DHCP click on Tools -> DHCP
  • IPv4 -> New Scope

Scope Name:

IP Address Range:

Add Default Gateway

  • Click next on all default options an click finish

Adding 1,000+ Users with a PowerShell script

Enable Web Browsing

  • Configure this local server -> Disable IE Enhanced Security Configuration
  • Turn OFF for Administrators and Users
  • Download the PowerShell script from the requirements

Running the script

  • Open names.txt and add your name to the top.

  • Run PowerShell ISE as an administrator

  • Open 1_CREATE_USERS in PowerShell ISE

  • Enable the execution of all scripts on the domain controller by typing the following command in PowerShell: Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

  • Select Yes to all

  • Change Directory to the location of the PowerShell script inside of Powershell ISE

  • Start the script -> Run Once

Seeing the results of the script

  • Navigate back to the server manager -> Tools -> Active Directory Users and Computers

  • Refresh mydomain.com

  • All the users are now added from the script

  • Search for your own name in the added Users by right clicking __Users -> Find

Configure the Windows 10 Client VM

  • Add the Windows 10 ISO to VirtualBox
    • Name: CLIENT1
    • Base Memory: 4096
    • Processors: 2
    • Disk size: 50 GB
  • Settings
    • Network -> Attached to Internal Network
  • Start Windows 10 ISO
    • Select I dont have a product key
    • Windows 10 Pro
    • Custom: Install Windows ONLY
    • I dont have internet
      • Continue with limited set up
    • Account information
      • Name: user
      • Password: **LEAVE BLANK
    • Disable all tracking settings
    • Skip Cortana

Check if the Client is connected to the internet

  • Navigate to CMD -> ipconfig

  • ping -n 2 google.com

  • If this works then the DHCP server we set up is leasing an IP to CLIENT1!

Rename the Windows 10 PC and Add it to the Domain

  • Settings -> System -> About -> Rename this PC(Advanced)

  • Confirm by typing your Domain Admin Account

    • Administrator
    • AdminPass

  • Restart your computer

Login with one the the users created with the script

  • Login with Other user

  • Open Command Prompt and you can see we are logged into the added user!

  • Type the command whoami and you can see we are apart of mydomain and the new user ![](assets/ 20230923190248.png)