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Document origins of code area.
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‎docs/reference-manual/native-image/BuildOutput.md

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@@ -20,51 +20,50 @@ Below is the example output when building a native executable of the `HelloWorld
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================================================================================
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GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'helloworld' (executable)...
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================================================================================
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[1/8] Initializing... (2.5s @ 0.21GB)
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Version info: 'GraalVM dev Java 11 CE'
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C compiler: gcc (linux, x86_64, 9.3.0)
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[1/8] Initializing... (3.3s @ 0.25GB)
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Version info: 'GraalVM dev Java 19+36-jvmci-23.0-b01 CE'
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Java version info: '19+36-jvmci-23.0-b01'
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C compiler: gcc (linux, x86_64, 11.3.0)
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Garbage collector: Serial GC (max heap size: unlimited)
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[2/8] Performing analysis... [*******] (5.6s @ 0.46GB)
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2,718 (72.93%) of 3,727 types reachable
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3,442 (53.43%) of 6,442 fields reachable
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12,128 (44.82%) of 27,058 methods reachable
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27 types, 0 fields, and 271 methods registered for reflection
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58 types, 59 fields, and 52 methods registered for JNI access
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[2/8] Performing analysis... [****] (6.2s @ 0.47GB)
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2,880 (71.50%) of 4,028 types reachable
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3,519 (51.06%) of 6,892 fields reachable
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13,339 (45.11%) of 29,570 methods reachable
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879 types, 0 fields, and 356 methods registered for reflection
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57 types, 56 fields, and 52 methods registered for JNI access
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4 native libraries: dl, pthread, rt, z
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[3/8] Building universe... (0.5s @ 0.61GB)
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[4/8] Parsing methods... [*] (0.5s @ 0.86GB)
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[5/8] Inlining methods... [****] (0.5s @ 0.73GB)
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[6/8] Compiling methods... [**] (3.7s @ 2.38GB)
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[7/8] Layouting methods... [*] (0.5s @ 0.71GB)
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[8/8] Creating image... (2.1s @ 1.04GB)
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4.00MB (28.31%) for code area: 7,073 compilation units
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5.90MB (41.70%) for image heap: 83,319 objects and 5 resources
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3.24MB (22.91%) for debug info generated in 1.0s
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1.00MB ( 7.08%) for other data
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14.15MB in total
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[3/8] Building universe... (1.1s @ 2.26GB)
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[4/8] Parsing methods... [*] (1.0s @ 2.76GB)
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[5/8] Inlining methods... [***] (0.8s @ 0.99GB)
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[6/8] Compiling methods... [***] (6.4s @ 4.86GB)
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[7/8] Layouting methods... [**] (4.2s @ 3.98GB)
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[8/8] Creating image... (4.0s @ 2.04GB)
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4.52MB (22.97%) for code area: 7,470 compilation units
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7.06MB (35.87%) for image heap: 101,764 objects and 5 resources
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7.52MB (38.24%) for debug info generated in 1.8s
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590.19KB ( 2.93%) for other data
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19.68MB in total
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Top 10 packages in code area: Top 10 object types in image heap:
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632.68KB java.util 871.62KB byte[] for code metadata
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324.42KB java.lang 798.53KB java.lang.String
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223.90KB java.util.regex 774.91KB byte[] for general heap data
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221.62KB java.text 614.06KB java.lang.Class
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198.30KB com.oracle.svm.jni 492.51KB byte[] for java.lang.String
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166.02KB java.util.concurrent 314.81KB java.util.HashMap$Node
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115.44KB java.math 233.58KB c.o.s.c.h.DynamicHubCompanion
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98.48KB sun.text.normalizer 154.84KB java.lang.String[]
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97.42KB java.util.logging 139.54KB byte[] for embedded resources
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95.18KB c.oracle.svm.core.genscavenge 139.04KB char[]
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1.83MB for 118 more packages 1.29MB for 753 more object types
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Top 10 origins of code area: Top 10 object types in image heap:
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3.43MB java.base 1.01MB byte[] for code metadata
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760.98KB o.graalvm.nativeimage.builder 1000.72KB java.lang.String
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102.06KB java.logging 884.18KB byte[] for general heap data
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48.03KB org.graalvm.nativeimage.base 686.91KB byte[] for java.lang.String
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40.49KB jdk.proxy1 659.87KB java.lang.Class
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38.23KB jdk.proxy3 247.50KB c.o.s.c.h.DynamicHubCompanion
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25.73KB jdk.internal.vm.ci 239.25KB java.lang.Object[]
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23.55KB org.graalvm.sdk 226.08KB java.util.HashMap$Node
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11.10KB jdk.proxy2 173.15KB java.lang.String[]
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8.10KB jdk.internal.vm.compiler 163.22KB j.u.c.ConcurrentHashMap$Node
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1.39KB for 2 more origins 1.70MB for 808 more object types
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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0.9s (5.6% of total time) in 17 GCs | Peak RSS: 3.22GB | CPU load: 10.87
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0.5s (1.8% of total time) in 24 GCs | Peak RSS: 5.62GB | CPU load: 8.92
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Produced artifacts:
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/home/janedoe/helloworld/helloworld (executable)
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/home/janedoe/helloworld/helloworld (executable, debug_info)
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/home/janedoe/helloworld/sources (debug_info)
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/home/janedoe/helloworld/helloworld (debug_info)
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/home/janedoe/helloworld/helloworld.build_artifacts.txt
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================================================================================
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Finished generating 'helloworld' in 16.2s.
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Finished generating 'helloworld' in 27.4s.
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```
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## Build Stages
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The code area contains machine code produced by the Graal compiler for all reachable methods.
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Therefore, reducing the number of [reachable methods](#glossary-reachability) also reduces the size of the code area.
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##### <a name="glossary-code-area-origins"></a>Origins of Code Area
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To help users understand where the machine code of the code area comes from, the build output shows a breakdown of the top origins.
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An origin is a group of Java sources and can be a JAR file, a package name, or a class name, depending on the information available.
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The [`java.base` module](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/java.base/module-summary.html), for example, contains base classes from the JDK.
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The `svm.jar` file, the `org.graalvm.nativeimage.base` module, and similar origins contain internal sources for the Native Image runtime.
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To reduce the size of the code area and with that, the total size of the native executable, re-evaluate the dependencies of your application based on the code area breakdown.
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Some libraries and frameworks are better prepared for Native Image than others, and newer versions of a library or framework may improve (or worsen) their code footprint.
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#### <a name="glossary-image-heap"></a>Image Heap
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The heap contains reachable objects such as static application data, metadata, and `byte[]` for different purposes (see below).
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