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Elita power distribution

Created by Oskar Johansson

This project is to refine the electrical system on the sailboat Elita.

Background

A short background of the project.

Elita was bought 2019 and had a relative good electrical system, but with poorly documentation. Since one of the complex part of a boat is the electrical system, the need of a reliable and easy system is important and there exists few power distribution system that is affordable. Then practical problems like have to wire everything through a panel to switch on and off seems quite old-fashioned.

Goal

The goal of the project is

The aim for this project is to simplify the wiring and make it possible for non-electrical-engineer to troubleshoot the system, like my brothers.

The project will also aim to make it easier to do maintenance, like having a connector to all devices to make it easy to just unplug it without having to remove any cable.

The project will also target one of the issues of the electrical system on a boat, the wire length. Since the voltage is 12 V, the voltage drop will affect the efficiency a lot when the wires become long. Together with that you want a control panel that is easily accessible the wiring become both long and complex.

Directories

The directories of the project.

Elita-electrical-system
├── documents                 # Manuals, ISO-documents, etc.       
│   └── datasheets            # Datasheet for components.
├── hardware                  # Schematics, pcbs, etc.
│   ├── battery-protection    # >100 A voltage protection for battery 
│   ├── cad                   # All CAD files 
│   ├── control-panel         # The control panel where all power switches are
│   ├── electrical-system     # Summary of the whole system
│   ├── flyback-protection    # To use in series of DC-motors to protect electrical system from flyback-currents.
│   ├── gerber                # Common folder for all gerber-files.
│   ├── ideal-diode           # An ideal diode circuit to charge the start battery everytime the bulk batteries is more charged.
│   ├── led-dimmer            # A simple dimmer for LED strips using a rotate encoder and mosfet
│   ├── libraries             # Project specific library.
│   ├── mount-panel           # A panel to mount the power distribution boards on.
│   ├── mppt-solar-charger    # A new controller to be used instead of the PWM controller.
│   ├── power-connector       # A simple power connector with M5 connectors. 
│   ├── power-distribution    			# Distribute power through mosfets and switches.
│   ├── power-distribution-complete		# Distribute all power through mosfets and switches.
│   ├── powersplitter         # In-line to split up the power-line.
│   ├── schematic             # All electrical schematics.
│   └── shorepower            # Schematic over how the shorepower should be connected according to complient ISO.
├── img                       # Images 
└── software                  # Firmwares
    └── led_dimmer            # Fiwmare for the led dimmer.

System

Here will the description of the system be.

Requirements

The requirements of the system.

  • Follow ISO-standard, here ISO-10133 and ISO-13297
  • Easy to use
  • Lowest voltage drop possible
  • No heat issue
  • Integrated fuse
  • Power meter
  • Easy to debug
  • Input from solar panel

System architecture

The architecture of the system.

├── Start battery           			# Must always be top charged.   
|	^
|	|
|	Ideal diode 						# To also charge the start battery from solar panel. 
|	^
|	|
└── House battery           			# Firmwares
    └── 120 A fuse          			# A resettable fuse
        ├── Fuse holder					# For things that shouldn't be switched off, like heater.
        |   └── Heater					# The heater has a cooldown process. 
	    └── Battery protection          # To protect from UV and be able to turn on/off from far away. 
	    	├── Fuse holder				# For things that has an integrated switch, like lighting. 
            |	├── Engine				# Everything that has to do with the engine.
            	|
                |
            |   └── Internal lights		# Has a switch on it.  
	    	└── Power distribution		# A fused power distribution with switches.
            	├── Navigation lights	
                |
                |
            	└── Refigerator

The power distribution of the system.

Subsystems

Some of the sub sytem with the power consumption.

Subsystem Power consumption Need switch Comment
Navigation lights 3x15 W Yes
Motor lights 1x15 W Yes
Anchor lights 5 W Yes Doesn't exist yet.
Deck light 35 W Yes
Cabin light 40 W Yes Doesn't exist yet.
Stereo 50 W Yes
Water pump 35 W Yes
Refigerator 50 W Yes
Septi pump 50 W Yes
Instrument panel 100 W Yes VHF, Plotter, etc.
12V + usb outlet 50 W Yes
Inverter 12/220V 600 W Yes Some 50 A relay maybe
Current meter No Hall current meter
Voltage meter No Should always be on
Switched light 5x5 W + 15 W No Bedside, toilet and kitchen
Heater 40 W No Has is own control panel
Solar panel 50 W No Output from controller to battery.

Tips from different sources

A list of different tips and link for more information.

  • Bigger cables closes to terminal
  • Accessible battery switch
  • Strict color coding!