ENH: Add large file support for read_xml (#45724)

* ENH: Add large file support for read_xml

* Combine tests, slightly fix docs

* Adjust pytest decorator on URL test; fix doc strings

* Adjust tests for helper function

* Add iterparse feature to some tests

* Add IO docs link in docstring

Author: ParfaitG

doc/source/user_guide/io.rst

@@ -3287,6 +3287,45 @@ output (as shown below for demonstration) for easier parse into ``DataFrame``:
    df = pd.read_xml(xml, stylesheet=xsl)
    df
 
+For very large XML files that can range in hundreds of megabytes to gigabytes, :func:`pandas.read_xml`
+supports parsing such sizeable files using `lxml's iterparse`_ and `etree's iterparse`_
+which are memory-efficient methods to iterate through an XML tree and extract specific elements and attributes.
+without holding entire tree in memory.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+.. _`lxml's iterparse`: https://lxml.de/3.2/parsing.html#iterparse-and-iterwalk
+.. _`etree's iterparse`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse
+
+To use this feature, you must pass a physical XML file path into ``read_xml`` and use the ``iterparse`` argument.
+Files should not be compressed or point to online sources but stored on local disk. Also, ``iterparse`` should be
+a dictionary where the key is the repeating nodes in document (which become the rows) and the value is a list of
+any element or attribute that is a descendant (i.e., child, grandchild) of repeating node. Since XPath is not
+used in this method, descendants do not need to share same relationship with one another. Below shows example
+of reading in Wikipedia's very large (12 GB+) latest article data dump.
+
+.. code-block:: ipython
+
+    In [1]: df = pd.read_xml(
+    ...         "/path/to/downloaded/enwikisource-latest-pages-articles.xml",
+    ...         iterparse = {"page": ["title", "ns", "id"]}
+    ...     )
+    ...     df
+    Out[2]:
+                                                         title   ns        id
+    0                                       Gettysburg Address    0     21450
+    1                                                Main Page    0     42950
+    2                            Declaration by United Nations    0      8435
+    3             Constitution of the United States of America    0      8435
+    4                     Declaration of Independence (Israel)    0     17858
+    ...                                                    ...  ...       ...
+    3578760               Page:Black cat 1897 07 v2 n10.pdf/17  104    219649
+    3578761               Page:Black cat 1897 07 v2 n10.pdf/43  104    219649
+    3578762               Page:Black cat 1897 07 v2 n10.pdf/44  104    219649
+    3578763      The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling/Book IX    0  12084291
+    3578764  Page:Shakespeare of Stratford (1926) Yale.djvu/91  104     21450
+
+    [3578765 rows x 3 columns]
 
 .. _io.xml:
 

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.5.0.rst

@@ -162,6 +162,43 @@ apply converter methods, and parse dates (:issue:`43567`).
     df
     df.dtypes
 
+.. _whatsnew_150.read_xml_iterparse:
+
+read_xml now supports large XML using ``iterparse``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+For very large XML files that can range in hundreds of megabytes to gigabytes, :func:`pandas.read_xml`
+now supports parsing such sizeable files using `lxml's iterparse`_ and `etree's iterparse`_
+which are memory-efficient methods to iterate through XML trees and extract specific elements
+and attributes without holding entire tree in memory (:issue:`#45442`).
+
+.. code-block:: ipython
+
+    In [1]: df = pd.read_xml(
+    ...      "/path/to/downloaded/enwikisource-latest-pages-articles.xml",
+    ...      iterparse = {"page": ["title", "ns", "id"]})
+    ...  )
+    df
+    Out[2]:
+                                                         title   ns        id
+    0                                       Gettysburg Address    0     21450
+    1                                                Main Page    0     42950
+    2                            Declaration by United Nations    0      8435
+    3             Constitution of the United States of America    0      8435
+    4                     Declaration of Independence (Israel)    0     17858
+    ...                                                    ...  ...       ...
+    3578760               Page:Black cat 1897 07 v2 n10.pdf/17  104    219649
+    3578761               Page:Black cat 1897 07 v2 n10.pdf/43  104    219649
+    3578762               Page:Black cat 1897 07 v2 n10.pdf/44  104    219649
+    3578763      The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling/Book IX    0  12084291
+    3578764  Page:Shakespeare of Stratford (1926) Yale.djvu/91  104     21450
+
+    [3578765 rows x 3 columns]
+
+
+.. _`lxml's iterparse`: https://lxml.de/3.2/parsing.html#iterparse-and-iterwalk
+.. _`etree's iterparse`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse
+
 .. _whatsnew_150.api_breaking.api_breaking2:
 
 api_breaking_change2