ENH: Add typing support

[Matheus-Rangel]

Describe the solution you'd like

Add type the possibility to add type hints on Dataframes and Series. This would improve the readability of functions that are using dataframes.

@dataclass
class Quote:
  id: str
  price: float
  submit_date: date

@dataclass
class PriceQuarter:
  price: float
  quarter: str

def get_max_price_by_quarter(quotes: DataFrame[Quote]) -> DataFrame[PriceQuarter]:
  ...

[mroeschke]

Thanks for the request. This is an ongoing effort in #28142 and #45253 and #45252. Happy to have contributions over in those issue or pull requests to improve typing