Stabilization Tracking: Environments

[stuhood]

This is a tracking issue for stabilizing the "environments" feature.

A few relevant probably-blocking issues:

Features:

• Require goals to explicitly locate/choose an environment, and pin graph calculations to __local__ #17129
• environments-preview feature not exchanging DOCKER_HOST #18915
• Create docker_environment from docker_image #17714
• Support partitioning by environment field for lint/fmt/fix/etc #17383
• Improve safety of using environments during BUILD evaluation time #17354
• Enable crossplatform speculation of requests and their inputs. #8353
• New mechanism for marking process outputs as platform agnostic #16873
• Include environment in process "source" field, and consider splitting out cache status #18334
• Consider allowing users to set a different runtime_environment= on test targets #17376
• Support passing env vars into docker_environments from user's shell #18577
• Add support for running InteractiveProcesses in Docker #17182
• Add an environment predicate to match the presence or value of an environment variable #17107

Bugs:

• Container ... is not running error if a docker environment container stops while pantsd is running #18209
• experimental_shell_command in a docker environment that timeouts doesn't kill process #18210
• Docker environment leaves old containers running forever on error #18307

[cognifloyd]

Should this include:

• Add an environment predicate to match the presence or value of an environment variable #17107

[huonw]

Should (some of) these bugs block stabilisation too?

• Docker image is pulled even though test is cached #17958
• Container ... is not running error if a docker environment container stops while pantsd is running #18209
• experimental_shell_command in a docker environment that timeouts doesn't kill process #18210
• Docker environment leaves old containers running forever on error #18307

[huonw]

I've updated the tracking issue to include all of those, plus some extras flagged by a user in https://pantsbuild.slack.com/archives/C046T6T9U/p1698278565602139