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UNVPK

This project implements a VPK reading facilities. See the subfolder unvpk for a simple extraction tool and the subfolder vpkfs for a FUSE based filesystem that allows you to mount VPK archives.

VPK archives are used in Valve Source engine based games like Portal 2.

Note: I wrote a new program (in Rust) that can also write VPK v1 and v2 packages. Also look there for an updated file format specification.

Unvpk

Unvpk is a small command line tool for listing, checking and extracting of VPK archives. Such archives are used in Source engine based games like Portal 2.

Usage

unvpk [OPTION...] ARCHIVE [FILE...]

ARCHIVE has to be a file named "*_dir.vpk".
If one or more FILEs are given only these are listed/checked/extracted.

Options:
  -H [ --help ]            print help message
  -v [ --version ]         print version information
  -l [ --list ]            list archive contents
  -S [ --sort ] arg        sort listing by a comma separated list of keys:
                               a, archive    archive index
                               c, crc32      CRC32 checksum
                               o, offset     offset in archive
                               s, size       file size
                               n, name       file name
                           prepend - to the key to indicate descending sort
                           order
  -h [ --human-readable ]  use human readable file sizes in listing
  -c [ --check ]           check CRC32 sums
  -x [ --xcheck ]          extract and check CRC32 sums
  -C [ --directory ] arg   extract files into another directory
  -s [ --stop ]            stop on error
  --stats                  print some statistics and coverage analysis of
                           archive data (archive debugging)
  -a [ --all ]             also show archives with 100% coverage in statistics
  --dump-uncovered         dump uncovered areas into files (implies --stats,
                           archive debugging)

Vpkfs

Vpkfs is a small FUSE based filesystem which allows you to mount VPK archives.

Usage

vpkfs [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE MOUNTPOINT

ARCHIVE has to be a file named "*_dir.vpk".
This filesystem is read-only and only supports blocking operations.

Options:
    -o opt,[opt...]        mount options (see: man fuse)
    -h   --help            print help
    -v   --version         print version
    -d   -o debug          enable debug output (implies -f)
    -f                     foreground operation
    -s                     disable multi-threaded operation
                           Note that this might actually increase
                           performance in case you access the
                           filesystem with only one process.

Setup

Download

wget https://bitbucket.org/panzi/unvpk/get/tip.tar.bz2 -O unvpk.tar.bz2
tar xvjf unvpk.tar.bz2
cd repos*

Or Clone

hg clone https://bitbucket.org/panzi/unvpk
cd unvpk

Build and Install

mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr ..
make -j2 && sudo make install

If you don't want to build and install unvpk replace the cmake line with:

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr -DWITH_UNVPK=OFF ..

If you don't want to build and install vpkfs replace the cmake line with:

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr -DWITH_VPKFS=OFF ..

Dependencies

This project uses following components of the Boost C++ library:

  • system
  • filesystem
  • program_options

For vpkfs FUSE is needed.

File Format

This is a short description of the Valve Packet file format (VPK).

*_dir.vpk

To my knowlege there are currently (as of Portal 2) two versions of the VPK file format. The only difference is that one has a file magic, version information and an explicitely given index size, and the other (older) don't.

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│                                     │
│ Header (Optional)                   │
│                                     │
│   Magic (0x55AA1234)                │
│   Version (1)                       │
│   Index Size                        │
│                                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                     │
│ Index                               │
│                                     │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │                                 │ │
│ │ File Type                       │ │
│ │                                 │ │
│ │   Type Name                     │ │
│ │                                 │ │
│ │ ┌─────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │                             │ │ │
│ │ │ Directory                   │ │ │
│ │ │                             │ │ │
│ │ │   Directory Path            │ │ │
│ │ │                             │ │ │
│ │ │ ┌─────────────────────────┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │                         │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ File                    │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │                         │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │   File Name             │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │   CRC32                 │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │   Preload Size          │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │   Archive Index         │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │   Offset                │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │   Size                  │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │   Termintator (0xFFFF)  │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │                         │ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─────────────────────────┤ │ │ │
│ │ │ │                         │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ Preload Data            │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │                         │ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─────────────────────────┘ │ │ │
│ │ │                             │ │ │
│ │ │   ...                       │ │ │
│ │ │                             │ │ │
│ │ │   Terminator (0x00)         │ │ │
│ │ │                             │ │ │
│ │ └─────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ │                                 │ │
│ │   ...                           │ │
│ │                                 │ │
│ │   Terminator (0x00)             │ │
│ │                                 │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                                     │
│   ...                               │
│                                     │
│   Terminator (0x00)                 │
│                                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                     │
│ Data                                │
│                                     │
│ ...                                 │
│                                     │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

Version 2 of VPK has more fields in its header (see below) and more after the data section (a footer?). Details are not known at the moment.

Value Types

All values are stored in little endian. Offsets and sizes are given in bytes.

Byte ..... single byte
Bytes .... byte array of arbitrary data
U16 ...... unsigned 16-bit integer
U32 ...... unsigned 32-bit integer
ASCIIZ ... zero terminated ASCII string

Terminators

The terminators of the file type-, directory- and file-lists are simple zero-bytes. Because the first element of each of those structures are zero terminated ASCII strings you can write you code so, that when you read a zero-length name you know the list is terminated. This means that no file type, directory path or file name may have a zero-length.

Header

If the file doesn't start with the file magic 0x55AA1234 then the index table directly starts at the beginning of the file.

Version 1
Offset  Size  Type  Description
     0     4  U32   file magic: 0x55AA1234
     4     4  U32   version: 1
     8     4  U32   index size
Version 2
Offset  Size  Type  Description
     0     4  U32   file magic: 0x55AA1234
     4     4  U32   version: 2
     8     4  U32   index size
    12     4  U32   footer offset
    16     4  U32   always 0?
    20     4  U32   footer size?
    24     4  U32   always 48?

Index

Files are grouped by their type (file name extension).

Offset  Size  Type    Description

 [ File Type ]...

     ?     1  Byte    terminator: 0x00

File Type

Offset  Size  Type    Description
     0     N  ASCIIZ  file type (extension like "wav" or "res")

 [ Directory ]...

     ?     1  Byte    terminator: 0x00

Directory

Offset  Size  Type    Description
     0     N  ASCIIZ  dir path (seperator character: '/')

 [ File ]...

     ?     1  Byte    terminator: 0x00

File

Offset  Size  Type    Description
     0     N  ASCIIZ  file name (without extension)
   N+0     4  U32     crc32
   N+4     2  U16     preload size (PS)
   N+6     2  U16     archive index, 0x7FFF refers to the index file (*_dir.vpk)
   N+8     4  U32     offset in archive file
  N+12     4  U32     size of data in archive file
  N+16     2  U16     terminator: 0xFFFF
  N+18    PS  Bytes   preload data

I'm actually not sure if the 0xFFFF terminator is really a terminator and not just padding or some kind of field that is coincidentally always 0xFFFF in the files I have.

The data of a file consists of the concatenation of the preload data and the data from the archive file. If the archive index is 0x7FFF the data is stored in the index file (*_dir.vpk). In this case the offset refers to the offset after the end of the index:

offset_in_file = header_size + index_size + offset

Note that the header_size might be 0.

*_###.vpk

These are simple archives where the contained files are simply merged together in one big file. You can think of them being created like this (if the preload size is always 0):

cat file1 file2 file3 > pak01_001.vpk

Notes

This project is written by Mathias Panzenböck and released under the LGPL v2.1. However, I looked at the source of Gibbeds VPK Extractor (SVN) in order to find out how VPK works.