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drive.c
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drive.c
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/*
* Rufus: The Reliable USB Formatting Utility
* Drive access function calls
* Copyright © 2011-2024 Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifdef _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <crtdbg.h>
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <assert.h>
#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
#include <initguid.h>
#include <vds.h>
#endif
#include "rufus.h"
#include "missing.h"
#include "resource.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "msapi_utf8.h"
#include "localization.h"
#include "file.h"
#include "drive.h"
#include "mbr_types.h"
#include "gpt_types.h"
#include "br.h"
#include "fat16.h"
#include "fat32.h"
#include "ntfs.h"
#define GLOBALROOT_NAME "\\\\?\\GLOBALROOT"
const char* sfd_name = "Super Floppy Disk";
const char* groot_name = GLOBALROOT_NAME;
const size_t groot_len = sizeof(GLOBALROOT_NAME) - 1;
#if defined(__MINGW32__)
const IID CLSID_VdsLoader = { 0x9c38ed61, 0xd565, 0x4728, { 0xae, 0xee, 0xc8, 0x09, 0x52, 0xf0, 0xec, 0xde } };
const IID IID_IVdsServiceLoader = { 0xe0393303, 0x90d4, 0x4a97, { 0xab, 0x71, 0xe9, 0xb6, 0x71, 0xee, 0x27, 0x29 } };
const IID IID_IVdsProvider = { 0x10c5e575, 0x7984, 0x4e81, { 0xa5, 0x6b, 0x43, 0x1f, 0x5f, 0x92, 0xae, 0x42 } };
const IID IID_IVdsSwProvider = { 0x9aa58360, 0xce33, 0x4f92, { 0xb6, 0x58, 0xed, 0x24, 0xb1, 0x44, 0x25, 0xb8 } };
const IID IID_IVdsPack = { 0x3b69d7f5, 0x9d94, 0x4648, { 0x91, 0xca, 0x79, 0x93, 0x9b, 0xa2, 0x63, 0xbf } };
const IID IID_IVdsDisk = { 0x07e5c822, 0xf00c, 0x47a1, { 0x8f, 0xce, 0xb2, 0x44, 0xda, 0x56, 0xfd, 0x06 } };
const IID IID_IVdsAdvancedDisk = { 0x6e6f6b40, 0x977c, 0x4069, { 0xbd, 0xdd, 0xac, 0x71, 0x00, 0x59, 0xf8, 0xc0 } };
const IID IID_IVdsVolume = { 0x88306BB2, 0xE71F, 0x478C, { 0x86, 0xA2, 0x79, 0xDA, 0x20, 0x0A, 0x0F, 0x11} };
const IID IID_IVdsVolumeMF3 = { 0x6788FAF9, 0x214E, 0x4B85, { 0xBA, 0x59, 0x26, 0x69, 0x53, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x09 } };
#endif
PF_TYPE_DECL(NTAPI, NTSTATUS, NtQueryVolumeInformationFile, (HANDLE, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK, PVOID, ULONG, FS_INFORMATION_CLASS));
/*
* Globals
*/
RUFUS_DRIVE_INFO SelectedDrive;
extern BOOL write_as_esp;
extern windows_version_t WindowsVersion;
int partition_index[PI_MAX];
uint64_t persistence_size = 0;
/*
* The following methods get or set the AutoMount setting (which is different from AutoRun)
* Rufus needs AutoMount to be set as the format process may fail for fixed drives otherwise.
* See https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/issues/386.
*
* Reverse engineering diskpart and mountvol indicates that the former uses the IVdsService
* ClearFlags()/SetFlags() to set VDS_SVF_AUTO_MOUNT_OFF whereas mountvol on uses
* IOCTL_MOUNTMGR_SET_AUTO_MOUNT on "\\\\.\\MountPointManager".
* As the latter is MUCH simpler this is what we'll use too
*/
BOOL SetAutoMount(BOOL enable)
{
HANDLE hMountMgr;
BOOL ret = FALSE;
hMountMgr = CreateFileA(MOUNTMGR_DOS_DEVICE_NAME, 0, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hMountMgr == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
return FALSE;
ret = DeviceIoControl(hMountMgr, IOCTL_MOUNTMGR_SET_AUTO_MOUNT, &enable, sizeof(enable), NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
CloseHandle(hMountMgr);
return ret;
}
BOOL GetAutoMount(BOOL* enabled)
{
HANDLE hMountMgr;
DWORD size;
BOOL ret = FALSE;
if (enabled == NULL)
return FALSE;
hMountMgr = CreateFileA(MOUNTMGR_DOS_DEVICE_NAME, 0, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hMountMgr == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
return FALSE;
ret = DeviceIoControl(hMountMgr, IOCTL_MOUNTMGR_QUERY_AUTO_MOUNT, NULL, 0, enabled, sizeof(*enabled), &size, NULL);
CloseHandle(hMountMgr);
return ret;
}
/*
* Working with drive indexes quite risky (left unchecked,inadvertently passing 0 as
* index would return a handle to C:, which we might then proceed to unknowingly
* clear the MBR of!), so we mitigate the risk by forcing our indexes to belong to
* the specific range [DRIVE_INDEX_MIN; DRIVE_INDEX_MAX].
*/
#define CheckDriveIndex(DriveIndex) do { \
if ((int)DriveIndex < 0) goto out; \
assert((DriveIndex >= DRIVE_INDEX_MIN) && (DriveIndex <= DRIVE_INDEX_MAX)); \
if ((DriveIndex < DRIVE_INDEX_MIN) || (DriveIndex > DRIVE_INDEX_MAX)) goto out; \
DriveIndex -= DRIVE_INDEX_MIN; } while (0)
/*
* Open a drive or volume with optional write and lock access
* Return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE (/!\ which is DIFFERENT from NULL /!\) on failure.
*/
static HANDLE GetHandle(char* Path, BOOL bLockDrive, BOOL bWriteAccess, BOOL bWriteShare)
{
int i;
BYTE access_mask = 0;
uint64_t EndTime;
HANDLE hDrive = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
char DevPath[MAX_PATH];
if ((safe_strlen(Path) < 5) || (Path[0] != '\\') || (Path[1] != '\\') || (Path[3] != '\\'))
goto out;
// Resolve a device path, so that we can look for that handle in case of access issues.
if (safe_strncmp(Path, groot_name, groot_len) == 0)
static_strcpy(DevPath, &Path[groot_len]);
else if (QueryDosDeviceA(&Path[4], DevPath, sizeof(DevPath)) == 0)
strcpy(DevPath, "???");
for (i = 0; i < DRIVE_ACCESS_RETRIES; i++) {
// Try without FILE_SHARE_WRITE (unless specifically requested) so that
// we won't be bothered by the OS or other apps when we set up our data.
// However this means we might have to wait for an access gap...
// We keep FILE_SHARE_READ though, as this shouldn't hurt us any, and is
// required for enumeration.
hDrive = CreateFileA(Path, GENERIC_READ|(bWriteAccess?GENERIC_WRITE:0),
FILE_SHARE_READ|(bWriteShare?FILE_SHARE_WRITE:0),
NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hDrive != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
break;
if ((GetLastError() != ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION) && (GetLastError() != ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED))
break;
if (i == 0) {
uprintf("Notice: Volume Device Path is %s", DevPath);
uprintf("Waiting for access on %s...", Path);
} else if (!bWriteShare && (i > DRIVE_ACCESS_RETRIES/3)) {
// If we can't seem to get a hold of the drive for some time, try to enable FILE_SHARE_WRITE...
uprintf("Warning: Could not obtain exclusive rights. Retrying with write sharing enabled...");
bWriteShare = TRUE;
// Try to report the process that is locking the drive
access_mask = GetProcessSearch(SEARCH_PROCESS_TIMEOUT, 0x07, FALSE);
}
Sleep(DRIVE_ACCESS_TIMEOUT / DRIVE_ACCESS_RETRIES);
}
if (hDrive == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
uprintf("Could not open %s: %s", Path, WindowsErrorString());
goto out;
}
if (bWriteAccess) {
uprintf("Opened %s for %s write access", Path, bWriteShare?"shared":"exclusive");
}
if (bLockDrive) {
if (DeviceIoControl(hDrive, FSCTL_ALLOW_EXTENDED_DASD_IO, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL)) {
uprintf("I/O boundary checks disabled");
}
EndTime = GetTickCount64() + DRIVE_ACCESS_TIMEOUT;
do {
if (DeviceIoControl(hDrive, FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL))
goto out;
if (IS_ERROR(ErrorStatus)) // User cancel
break;
Sleep(DRIVE_ACCESS_TIMEOUT / DRIVE_ACCESS_RETRIES);
} while (GetTickCount64() < EndTime);
// If we reached this section, either we didn't manage to get a lock or the user cancelled
uprintf("Could not lock access to %s: %s", Path, WindowsErrorString());
// See if we can report the processes are accessing the drive
if (!IS_ERROR(ErrorStatus) && (access_mask == 0))
access_mask = GetProcessSearch(SEARCH_PROCESS_TIMEOUT, 0x07, FALSE);
// Try to continue if the only access rights we saw were for read-only
if ((access_mask & 0x07) != 0x01)
safe_closehandle(hDrive);
}
out:
return hDrive;
}
/*
* Return the path to access the physical drive, or NULL on error.
* The string is allocated and must be freed (to ensure concurrent access)
*/
char* GetPhysicalName(DWORD DriveIndex)
{
BOOL success = FALSE;
char physical_name[24];
CheckDriveIndex(DriveIndex);
static_sprintf(physical_name, "\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive%lu", DriveIndex);
success = TRUE;
out:
return (success)?safe_strdup(physical_name):NULL;
}
/*
* Return a handle to the physical drive identified by DriveIndex
*/
HANDLE GetPhysicalHandle(DWORD DriveIndex, BOOL bLockDrive, BOOL bWriteAccess, BOOL bWriteShare)
{
HANDLE hPhysical = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
char* PhysicalPath = GetPhysicalName(DriveIndex);
hPhysical = GetHandle(PhysicalPath, bLockDrive, bWriteAccess, bWriteShare);
safe_free(PhysicalPath);
return hPhysical;
}
/*
* Return the GUID volume name for the disk and partition specified, or NULL if not found.
* See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc542456.aspx
* If PartitionOffset is 0, the offset is ignored and the first partition found is returned.
* The returned string is allocated and must be freed.
*/
char* GetLogicalName(DWORD DriveIndex, uint64_t PartitionOffset, BOOL bKeepTrailingBackslash, BOOL bSilent)
{
static const char* ignore_device[] = { "\\Device\\CdRom", "\\Device\\Floppy" };
static const char* volume_start = "\\\\?\\";
char *ret = NULL, volume_name[MAX_PATH], path[MAX_PATH];
BOOL r, bPrintHeader = TRUE;
HANDLE hDrive = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, hVolume = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS_REDEF DiskExtents;
DWORD size = 0;
UINT drive_type;
StrArray found_name;
uint64_t found_offset[MAX_PARTITIONS] = { 0 };
uint32_t i, j;
size_t len;
StrArrayCreate(&found_name, MAX_PARTITIONS);
CheckDriveIndex(DriveIndex);
for (i = 0; hDrive == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; i++) {
if (i == 0) {
hVolume = FindFirstVolumeA(volume_name, sizeof(volume_name));
if (hVolume == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
suprintf("Could not access first GUID volume: %s", WindowsErrorString());
goto out;
}
} else {
if (!FindNextVolumeA(hVolume, volume_name, sizeof(volume_name))) {
if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) {
suprintf("Could not access next GUID volume: %s", WindowsErrorString());
}
break;
}
}
// Sanity checks
len = safe_strlen(volume_name);
if_not_assert(len > 4)
continue;
if_not_assert(safe_strnicmp(volume_name, volume_start, 4) == 0)
continue;
if_not_assert(volume_name[len - 1] == '\\')
continue;
drive_type = GetDriveTypeA(volume_name);
if ((drive_type != DRIVE_REMOVABLE) && (drive_type != DRIVE_FIXED))
continue;
volume_name[len-1] = 0;
if (QueryDosDeviceA(&volume_name[4], path, sizeof(path)) == 0) {
suprintf("Failed to get device path for GUID volume '%s': %s", volume_name, WindowsErrorString());
continue;
}
for (j=0; (j<ARRAYSIZE(ignore_device)) &&
(_strnicmp(path, ignore_device[j], safe_strlen(ignore_device[j])) != 0); j++);
if (j < ARRAYSIZE(ignore_device)) {
suprintf("Skipping GUID volume for '%s'", path);
continue;
}
hDrive = CreateFileWithTimeout(volume_name, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL, 3000);
if (hDrive == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
suprintf("Could not open GUID volume '%s': %s", volume_name, WindowsErrorString());
continue;
}
r = DeviceIoControl(hDrive, IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS, NULL, 0, &DiskExtents, sizeof(DiskExtents), &size, NULL);
if ((!r) || (size == 0)) {
suprintf("Could not get Disk Extents: %s", r ? "(empty data)" : WindowsErrorString());
safe_closehandle(hDrive);
continue;
}
safe_closehandle(hDrive);
if (DiskExtents.NumberOfDiskExtents == 0) {
suprintf("Ignoring volume '%s' because it has no extents...", volume_name);
continue;
}
if (DiskExtents.NumberOfDiskExtents != 1) {
// If we have more than one extent for a volume, it means that someone
// is using RAID-1 or something => Stay well away from such a volume!
suprintf("Ignoring volume '%s' because it has more than one extent (RAID?)...", volume_name);
continue;
}
if (DiskExtents.Extents[0].DiskNumber != DriveIndex)
// Not on our disk
continue;
if (found_name.Index == MAX_PARTITIONS) {
uprintf("Error: Trying to process a disk with more than %d partitions!", MAX_PARTITIONS);
goto out;
}
if (bKeepTrailingBackslash)
volume_name[len - 1] = '\\';
found_offset[found_name.Index] = DiskExtents.Extents[0].StartingOffset.QuadPart;
StrArrayAdd(&found_name, volume_name, TRUE);
if (!bSilent) {
if (bPrintHeader) {
bPrintHeader = FALSE;
uuprintf("Windows volumes from this device:");
}
uuprintf("● %s @%lld", volume_name, DiskExtents.Extents[0].StartingOffset.QuadPart);
}
}
if (found_name.Index == 0)
goto out;
// Now process all the volumes we found, and try to match one with our partition offset
for (i = 0; (i < found_name.Index) && (PartitionOffset != 0) && (PartitionOffset != found_offset[i]); i++);
if (i < found_name.Index) {
ret = safe_strdup(found_name.String[i]);
} else {
// NB: We need to re-add DRIVE_INDEX_MIN for this call since CheckDriveIndex() subtracted it
ret = AltGetLogicalName(DriveIndex + DRIVE_INDEX_MIN, PartitionOffset, bKeepTrailingBackslash, bSilent);
if ((ret != NULL) && (strchr(ret, ' ') != NULL))
uprintf("Warning: Using physical device to access partition data");
}
out:
if (hVolume != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
FindVolumeClose(hVolume);
StrArrayDestroy(&found_name);
return ret;
}
/*
* Alternative version of the above, needed because some volumes, such as ESPs, are not listed
* by Windows, be it with VDS or other APIs.
* For these, we return the "\\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolume#" identifier that matches
* our "Harddisk#Partition#", as reported by QueryDosDevice().
* The returned string is allocated and must be freed.
*/
char* AltGetLogicalName(DWORD DriveIndex, uint64_t PartitionOffset, BOOL bKeepTrailingBackslash, BOOL bSilent)
{
BOOL matching_drive = (DriveIndex == SelectedDrive.DeviceNumber);
DWORD i;
char *ret = NULL, volume_name[MAX_PATH], path[64];
CheckDriveIndex(DriveIndex);
// Match the offset to a partition index
if (PartitionOffset == 0) {
i = 0;
} else if (matching_drive) {
for (i = 0; (i < MAX_PARTITIONS) && (PartitionOffset != SelectedDrive.Partition[i].Offset); i++);
if (i >= MAX_PARTITIONS) {
suprintf("Error: Could not find a partition at offset %lld on this disk", PartitionOffset);
goto out;
}
} else {
suprintf("Error: Searching for a partition on a non matching disk");
goto out;
}
static_sprintf(path, "Harddisk%luPartition%lu", DriveIndex, i + 1);
static_strcpy(volume_name, groot_name);
if (!QueryDosDeviceA(path, &volume_name[groot_len], (DWORD)(MAX_PATH - groot_len)) || (strlen(volume_name) < 20)) {
suprintf("Could not find a DOS volume name for '%s': %s", path, WindowsErrorString());
goto out;
} else if (bKeepTrailingBackslash) {
static_strcat(volume_name, "\\");
}
ret = safe_strdup(volume_name);
out:
return ret;
}
/*
* Custom volume name for extfs formatting (that includes partition offset and partition size)
* so that these can be created and accessed on pre 1703 versions of Windows.
*/
char* GetExtPartitionName(DWORD DriveIndex, uint64_t PartitionOffset)
{
DWORD i;
char* ret = NULL, volume_name[MAX_PATH];
// Can't operate if we're not on the selected drive
if (DriveIndex != SelectedDrive.DeviceNumber)
goto out;
CheckDriveIndex(DriveIndex);
for (i = 0; (i < MAX_PARTITIONS) && (PartitionOffset != SelectedDrive.Partition[i].Offset); i++);
if (i >= MAX_PARTITIONS)
goto out;
static_sprintf(volume_name, "\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive%lu %I64u %I64u", DriveIndex,
SelectedDrive.Partition[i].Offset, SelectedDrive.Partition[i].Size);
ret = safe_strdup(volume_name);
out:
return ret;
}
static const char* VdsErrorString(HRESULT hr) {
SetLastError(hr);
return WindowsErrorString();
}
/*
* Per https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/combaseapi/nf-combaseapi-cocreateinstance
* and even though we aren't a UWP app, Windows Store prevents the ability to use of VDS when the
* Store version of Rufus is running (the call to IVdsServiceLoader_LoadService() will return
* E_ACCESSDENIED).
*/
BOOL IsVdsAvailable(BOOL bSilent)
{
HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;
IVdsService* pService = NULL;
IVdsServiceLoader* pLoader = NULL;
// Initialize COM
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE));
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CONNECT,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, 0, NULL));
// Create a VDS Loader Instance
hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_VdsLoader, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER | CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER,
&IID_IVdsServiceLoader, (void**)&pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Notice: Disabling VDS (Could not create VDS Loader Instance: %s)", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
hr = IVdsServiceLoader_LoadService(pLoader, L"", &pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Notice: Disabling VDS (Could not load VDS Service: %s)", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
out:
if (pService != NULL)
IVdsService_Release(pService);
if (pLoader != NULL)
IVdsServiceLoader_Release(pLoader);
VDS_SET_ERROR(hr);
return (hr == S_OK);
}
/*
* Call on VDS to refresh the drive layout
*/
BOOL RefreshLayout(DWORD DriveIndex)
{
HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;
wchar_t wPhysicalName[24];
IVdsServiceLoader* pLoader = NULL;
IVdsService* pService = NULL;
IEnumVdsObject *pEnum;
CheckDriveIndex(DriveIndex);
wnsprintf(wPhysicalName, ARRAYSIZE(wPhysicalName), L"\\\\?\\PhysicalDrive%lu", DriveIndex);
// Initialize COM
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE));
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CONNECT,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, 0, NULL));
// Create a VDS Loader Instance
hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_VdsLoader, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER | CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER,
&IID_IVdsServiceLoader, (void **)&pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
uprintf("Could not create VDS Loader Instance: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Load the VDS Service
hr = IVdsServiceLoader_LoadService(pLoader, L"", &pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
uprintf("Could not load VDS Service: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Wait for the Service to become ready if needed
hr = IVdsService_WaitForServiceReady(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
uprintf("VDS Service is not ready: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Query the VDS Service Providers
hr = IVdsService_QueryProviders(pService, VDS_QUERY_SOFTWARE_PROVIDERS, &pEnum);
if (hr != S_OK) {
uprintf("Could not query VDS Service Providers: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Remove mountpoints
hr = IVdsService_CleanupObsoleteMountPoints(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
uprintf("Could not clean up VDS mountpoints: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Invoke layout refresh
hr = IVdsService_Refresh(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
uprintf("Could not refresh VDS layout: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Force re-enum
hr = IVdsService_Reenumerate(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
uprintf("Could not refresh VDS layout: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
out:
if (pService != NULL)
IVdsService_Release(pService);
if (pLoader != NULL)
IVdsServiceLoader_Release(pLoader);
VDS_SET_ERROR(hr);
return (hr == S_OK);
}
/*
* Generic call to instantiate a VDS Disk Interface. Mostly copied from:
* https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/b90482ae-4e44-4b08-8731-81915030b32a/createpartition-using-vds-interface-throw-error-enointerface-dcom?forum=vcgeneral
* See also: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/vds/working-with-enumeration-objects
*/
static BOOL GetVdsDiskInterface(DWORD DriveIndex, const IID* InterfaceIID, void** pInterfaceInstance, BOOL bSilent)
{
HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;
ULONG ulFetched;
wchar_t wPhysicalName[24];
IVdsServiceLoader* pLoader;
IVdsService* pService;
IEnumVdsObject* pEnum;
IUnknown* pUnk;
*pInterfaceInstance = NULL;
CheckDriveIndex(DriveIndex);
wnsprintf(wPhysicalName, ARRAYSIZE(wPhysicalName), L"\\\\?\\PhysicalDrive%lu", DriveIndex);
// Initialize COM
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE));
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CONNECT,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, 0, NULL));
// Create a VDS Loader Instance
hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_VdsLoader, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER | CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER,
&IID_IVdsServiceLoader, (void**)&pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not create VDS Loader Instance: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Load the VDS Service
hr = IVdsServiceLoader_LoadService(pLoader, L"", &pService);
IVdsServiceLoader_Release(pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not load VDS Service: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Wait for the Service to become ready if needed
hr = IVdsService_WaitForServiceReady(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("VDS Service is not ready: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Query the VDS Service Providers
hr = IVdsService_QueryProviders(pService, VDS_QUERY_SOFTWARE_PROVIDERS, &pEnum);
IVdsService_Release(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS Service Providers: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
while (IEnumVdsObject_Next(pEnum, 1, &pUnk, &ulFetched) == S_OK) {
IVdsProvider* pProvider;
IVdsSwProvider* pSwProvider;
IEnumVdsObject* pEnumPack;
IUnknown* pPackUnk;
// Get VDS Provider
hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(pUnk, &IID_IVdsProvider, (void**)&pProvider);
IUnknown_Release(pUnk);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not get VDS Provider: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Get VDS Software Provider
hr = IVdsSwProvider_QueryInterface(pProvider, &IID_IVdsSwProvider, (void**)&pSwProvider);
IVdsProvider_Release(pProvider);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not get VDS Software Provider: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Get VDS Software Provider Packs
hr = IVdsSwProvider_QueryPacks(pSwProvider, &pEnumPack);
IVdsSwProvider_Release(pSwProvider);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not get VDS Software Provider Packs: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Enumerate Provider Packs
while (IEnumVdsObject_Next(pEnumPack, 1, &pPackUnk, &ulFetched) == S_OK) {
IVdsPack* pPack;
IEnumVdsObject* pEnumDisk;
IUnknown* pDiskUnk;
hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(pPackUnk, &IID_IVdsPack, (void**)&pPack);
IUnknown_Release(pPackUnk);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS Software Provider Pack: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Use the pack interface to access the disks
hr = IVdsPack_QueryDisks(pPack, &pEnumDisk);
IVdsPack_Release(pPack);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS disks: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// List disks
while (IEnumVdsObject_Next(pEnumDisk, 1, &pDiskUnk, &ulFetched) == S_OK) {
VDS_DISK_PROP prop;
IVdsDisk* pDisk;
// Get the disk interface.
hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(pDiskUnk, &IID_IVdsDisk, (void**)&pDisk);
IUnknown_Release(pDiskUnk);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS Disk Interface: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Get the disk properties
hr = IVdsDisk_GetProperties(pDisk, &prop);
if ((hr != S_OK) && (hr != VDS_S_PROPERTIES_INCOMPLETE)) {
IVdsDisk_Release(pDisk);
suprintf("Could not query VDS Disk Properties: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Check if we are on the target disk
// uprintf("GetVdsDiskInterface: Seeking %S found %S", wPhysicalName, prop.pwszName);
hr = (HRESULT)_wcsicmp(wPhysicalName, prop.pwszName);
CoTaskMemFree(prop.pwszName);
if (hr != S_OK) {
hr = S_OK;
continue;
}
// Instantiate the requested VDS disk interface
hr = IVdsDisk_QueryInterface(pDisk, InterfaceIID, pInterfaceInstance);
IVdsDisk_Release(pDisk);
if (hr != S_OK)
suprintf("Could not access the requested Disk interface: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
// With the interface found, we should be able to return
break;
}
IEnumVdsObject_Release(pEnumDisk);
}
IEnumVdsObject_Release(pEnumPack);
}
IEnumVdsObject_Release(pEnum);
out:
VDS_SET_ERROR(hr);
return (hr == S_OK);
}
/*
* Invoke IVdsService::Refresh() and/or IVdsService::Reenumerate() to force a
* rescan of the VDS disks. This can become necessary after writing an image
* such as Ubuntu 20.10, as Windows may "lose" the active disk otherwise...
*/
BOOL VdsRescan(DWORD dwRescanType, DWORD dwSleepTime, BOOL bSilent)
{
BOOL ret = TRUE;
HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;
IVdsServiceLoader* pLoader;
IVdsService* pService;
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE));
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CONNECT,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, 0, NULL));
hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_VdsLoader, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER | CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER,
&IID_IVdsServiceLoader, (void**)&pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not create VDS Loader Instance: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
return FALSE;
}
hr = IVdsServiceLoader_LoadService(pLoader, L"", &pService);
IVdsServiceLoader_Release(pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not load VDS Service: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
return FALSE;
}
hr = IVdsService_WaitForServiceReady(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("VDS Service is not ready: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
return FALSE;
}
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/vds/nf-vds-ivdsservice-refresh
// This method synchronizes the disk layout to the layout known to the disk driver.
// It does not force the driver to read the layout from the disk.
// Additionally, this method refreshes the view of all objects in the VDS cache.
if (dwRescanType & VDS_RESCAN_REFRESH) {
hr = IVdsService_Refresh(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("VDS Refresh failed: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
ret = FALSE;
}
}
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/vds/nf-vds-ivdsservice-reenumerate
// This method returns immediately after a bus rescan request is issued.
// The operation might be incomplete when the method returns.
if (dwRescanType & VDS_RESCAN_REENUMERATE) {
hr = IVdsService_Reenumerate(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("VDS Re-enumeration failed: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
ret = FALSE;
}
}
if (dwSleepTime != 0)
Sleep(dwSleepTime);
return ret;
}
/*
* Delete one partition at offset PartitionOffset, or all partitions if the offset is 0.
*/
BOOL DeletePartition(DWORD DriveIndex, ULONGLONG PartitionOffset, BOOL bSilent)
{
HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;
VDS_PARTITION_PROP* prop_array = NULL;
LONG i, prop_array_size;
IVdsAdvancedDisk *pAdvancedDisk = NULL;
if (!GetVdsDiskInterface(DriveIndex, &IID_IVdsAdvancedDisk, (void**)&pAdvancedDisk, bSilent))
return FALSE;
if (pAdvancedDisk == NULL) {
suprintf("Looks like Windows has \"lost\" our disk - Forcing a VDS rescan...");
VdsRescan(VDS_RESCAN_REFRESH | VDS_RESCAN_REENUMERATE, 1000, bSilent);
if (!GetVdsDiskInterface(DriveIndex, &IID_IVdsAdvancedDisk, (void**)&pAdvancedDisk, bSilent) ||
(pAdvancedDisk == NULL)) {
suprintf("Could not locate disk - Aborting.");
return FALSE;
}
}
// Query the partition data, so we can get the start offset, which we need for deletion
hr = IVdsAdvancedDisk_QueryPartitions(pAdvancedDisk, &prop_array, &prop_array_size);
if (hr == S_OK) {
suprintf("Deleting partition%s:", (PartitionOffset == 0) ? "s" : "");
// Now go through each partition
for (i = 0; i < prop_array_size; i++) {
if ((PartitionOffset != 0) && (prop_array[i].ullOffset != PartitionOffset))
continue;
suprintf("● Partition %d (offset: %lld, size: %s)", prop_array[i].ulPartitionNumber,
prop_array[i].ullOffset, SizeToHumanReadable(prop_array[i].ullSize, FALSE, FALSE));
hr = IVdsAdvancedDisk_DeletePartition(pAdvancedDisk, prop_array[i].ullOffset, TRUE, TRUE);
if (hr != S_OK)
suprintf("Could not delete partition: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
}
} else {
suprintf("No partition to delete on disk");
hr = S_OK;
}
CoTaskMemFree(prop_array);
IVdsAdvancedDisk_Release(pAdvancedDisk);
VDS_SET_ERROR(hr);
return (hr == S_OK);
}
/*
* Count on Microsoft for *COMPLETELY CRIPPLING* an API when allegedly upgrading it...
* As illustrated when you do so with diskpart (which uses VDS behind the scenes), VDS
* simply *DOES NOT* list all the volumes that the system can see, especially compared
* to what mountvol (which uses FindFirstVolume()/FindNextVolume()) and other APIs do.
* Also for reference, if you want to list volumes through WMI in PowerShell:
* Get-WmiObject win32_volume | Format-Table -Property DeviceID,Name,Label,Capacity
*/
BOOL ListVdsVolumes(BOOL bSilent)
{
HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;
ULONG ulFetched;
IVdsServiceLoader* pLoader;
IVdsService* pService;
IEnumVdsObject* pEnum;
IUnknown* pUnk;
// Initialize COM
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE));
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CONNECT,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, 0, NULL));
// Create a VDS Loader Instance
hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_VdsLoader, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER | CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER,
&IID_IVdsServiceLoader, (void**)&pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not create VDS Loader Instance: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Load the VDS Service
hr = IVdsServiceLoader_LoadService(pLoader, L"", &pService);
IVdsServiceLoader_Release(pLoader);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not load VDS Service: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Wait for the Service to become ready if needed
hr = IVdsService_WaitForServiceReady(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("VDS Service is not ready: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
// Query the VDS Service Providers
hr = IVdsService_QueryProviders(pService, VDS_QUERY_SOFTWARE_PROVIDERS, &pEnum);
IVdsService_Release(pService);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS Service Providers: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
goto out;
}
while (IEnumVdsObject_Next(pEnum, 1, &pUnk, &ulFetched) == S_OK) {
IVdsProvider* pProvider;
IVdsSwProvider* pSwProvider;
IEnumVdsObject* pEnumPack;
IUnknown* pPackUnk;
// Get VDS Provider
hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(pUnk, &IID_IVdsProvider, (void**)&pProvider);
IUnknown_Release(pUnk);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not get VDS Provider: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Get VDS Software Provider
hr = IVdsSwProvider_QueryInterface(pProvider, &IID_IVdsSwProvider, (void**)&pSwProvider);
IVdsProvider_Release(pProvider);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not get VDS Software Provider: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Get VDS Software Provider Packs
hr = IVdsSwProvider_QueryPacks(pSwProvider, &pEnumPack);
IVdsSwProvider_Release(pSwProvider);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not get VDS Software Provider Packs: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Enumerate Provider Packs
while (IEnumVdsObject_Next(pEnumPack, 1, &pPackUnk, &ulFetched) == S_OK) {
IVdsPack* pPack;
IEnumVdsObject* pEnumVolume;
IUnknown* pVolumeUnk;
hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(pPackUnk, &IID_IVdsPack, (void**)&pPack);
IUnknown_Release(pPackUnk);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS Software Provider Pack: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Use the pack interface to access the disks
hr = IVdsPack_QueryVolumes(pPack, &pEnumVolume);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS volumes: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// List volumes
while (IEnumVdsObject_Next(pEnumVolume, 1, &pVolumeUnk, &ulFetched) == S_OK) {
IVdsVolume* pVolume;
IVdsVolumeMF3* pVolumeMF3;
VDS_VOLUME_PROP prop;
LPWSTR* wszPathArray;
ULONG i, ulNumberOfPaths;
// Get the volume interface.
hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(pVolumeUnk, &IID_IVdsVolume, (void**)&pVolume);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS Volume Interface: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Get the volume properties
hr = IVdsVolume_GetProperties(pVolume, &prop);
if ((hr != S_OK) && (hr != VDS_S_PROPERTIES_INCOMPLETE)) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS Volume Properties: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
uprintf("FOUND VOLUME: '%S'", prop.pwszName);
CoTaskMemFree(prop.pwszName);
IVdsVolume_Release(pVolume);
// Get the volume MF3 interface.
hr = IUnknown_QueryInterface(pVolumeUnk, &IID_IVdsVolumeMF3, (void**)&pVolumeMF3);
if (hr != S_OK) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS VolumeMF3 Interface: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
// Get the volume properties
hr = IVdsVolumeMF3_QueryVolumeGuidPathnames(pVolumeMF3, &wszPathArray, &ulNumberOfPaths);
if ((hr != S_OK) && (hr != VDS_S_PROPERTIES_INCOMPLETE)) {
suprintf("Could not query VDS VolumeMF3 GUID PathNames: %s", VdsErrorString(hr));
break;
}
hr = S_OK;
for (i = 0; i < ulNumberOfPaths; i++)
uprintf(" VOL GUID: '%S'", wszPathArray[i]);
CoTaskMemFree(wszPathArray);
IVdsVolume_Release(pVolumeMF3);
IUnknown_Release(pVolumeUnk);
}
IEnumVdsObject_Release(pEnumVolume);
}
IEnumVdsObject_Release(pEnumPack);
}
IEnumVdsObject_Release(pEnum);
out:
VDS_SET_ERROR(hr);
return (hr == S_OK);
}
/* Wait for a logical drive to reappear - Used when a drive has just been repartitioned */
BOOL WaitForLogical(DWORD DriveIndex, uint64_t PartitionOffset)
{
uint64_t EndTime;
char* LogicalPath = NULL;
// GetLogicalName() calls may be slow, so use the system time to
// make sure we don't spend more than DRIVE_ACCESS_TIMEOUT in wait.
EndTime = GetTickCount64() + DRIVE_ACCESS_TIMEOUT;