feat($compile): add more lifecycle hooks to directive controllers

This change adds in the following new lifecycle hooks, which map in some
way to those in Angular 2:

 * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way bindings are updated. The `changesObj` is a hash whose keys
   are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an object of the form
   `{ currentValue: ..., previousValue: ... }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a component such as
   cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value.
 * `$onDestroy` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
   external resources, watches and event handlers.
 * `$postLink` - Called after this controller's element and its children been linked. Similar to the post-link
   function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
   Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
   they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
   suspended until that occurs.

Closes angular#14127
Closes angular#14030
Closes angular#14020
Closes angular#13991
Closes angular#14302

Author: petebacondarwin

Diff for: docs/content/guide/component.ngdoc

@@ -147,6 +147,30 @@ components should follow a few simple conventions:
       }
     ```
 
+- **Components have a well-defined lifecycle**
+Each component can implement "lifecycle hooks". These are methods that will be called at certain points in the life
+of the component. The following hook methods can be implemented:
+
+  * `$onInit()` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
+    had their bindings initialized (and before the pre & post linking functions for the directives on
+    this element). This is a good place to put initialization code for your controller.
+  * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way bindings are updated. The `changesObj` is a hash whose keys
+    are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an object of the form
+    `{ currentValue: ..., previousValue: ... }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a component such as
+    cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value.
+  * `$onDestroy()` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
+    external resources, watches and event handlers.
+  * `$postLink()` - Called after this controller's element and its children have been linked. Similar to the post-link
+    function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
+    Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
+    they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
+    suspended until that occurs.
+    This hook can be considered analogous to the `ngAfterViewInit` and `ngAfterContentInit` hooks in Angular 2.
+    Since the compilation process is rather different in Angular 1 there is no direct mapping and care should
+    be taken when upgrading.
+
+By implementing these methods, you component can take part in its lifecycle.
+
 - **An application is a tree of components:**
 Ideally, the whole application should be a tree of components that implement clearly defined inputs
 and outputs, and minimize two-way data binding. That way, it's easier to predict when data changes and what the state

Diff for: src/ng/compile.js

@@ -293,9 +293,23 @@
  *    `true` if the specified slot contains content (i.e. one or more DOM nodes).
  *
  * The controller can provide the following methods that act as life-cycle hooks:
- * * `$onInit` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
+ * * `$onInit()` - Called on each controller after all the controllers on an element have been constructed and
  *   had their bindings initialized (and before the pre & post linking functions for the directives on
  *   this element). This is a good place to put initialization code for your controller.
+ * * `$onChanges(changesObj)` - Called whenever one-way (`<`) or interpolation (`@`) bindings are updated. The
+ *   `changesObj` is a hash whose keys are the names of the bound properties that have changed, and the values are an
+ *   object of the form `{ currentValue: ..., previousValue: ... }`. Use this hook to trigger updates within a component
+ *   such as cloning the bound value to prevent accidental mutation of the outer value.
+ * * `$onDestroy()` - Called on a controller when its containing scope is destroyed. Use this hook for releasing
+ *   external resources, watches and event handlers. Note that components have their `$onDestroy()` hooks called in
+ *   the same order as the `$scope.$broadcast` events are triggered, which is top down. This means that parent
+ *   components will have their `$onDestroy()` hook called before child components.
+ * * `$postLink()` - Called after this controller's element and its children have been linked. Similar to the post-link
+ *   function this hook can be used to set up DOM event handlers and do direct DOM manipulation.
+ *   Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled and linked since
+ *   they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own compilation and linking has been
+ *   suspended until that occurs.
+ *
  *
  * #### `require`
  * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
@@ -1215,6 +1229,24 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
 
     var SIMPLE_ATTR_NAME = /^\w/;
     var specialAttrHolder = document.createElement('div');
+
+    // The onChanges hooks should all be run together in a single digest
+    // When changes occur, the call to trigger their hooks will be added to this queue
+    var onChangesQueue;
+
+    // This function is called in a $$postDigest to trigger all the onChanges hooks in a single digest
+    function flushOnChangesQueue() {
+      // We must run this hook in an apply since the $$postDigest runs outside apply
+      $rootScope.$apply(function() {
+        for (var i = 0, ii = onChangesQueue.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          onChangesQueue[i]();
+        }
+        // Reset the queue to trigger a new schedule next time there is a change
+        onChangesQueue = undefined;
+      });
+    }
+
+
     function Attributes(element, attributesToCopy) {
       if (attributesToCopy) {
         var keys = Object.keys(attributesToCopy);
@@ -2360,10 +2392,16 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
           }
         });
 
-        // Trigger the `$onInit` method on all controllers that have one
+        // Handle the init and destroy lifecycle hooks on all controllers that have them
         forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
-          if (isFunction(controller.instance.$onInit)) {
-            controller.instance.$onInit();
+          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onInit)) {
+            controllerInstance.$onInit();
+          }
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$onDestroy)) {
+            controllerScope.$on('$destroy', function callOnDestroyHook() {
+              controllerInstance.$onDestroy();
+            });
           }
         });
 
@@ -2400,6 +2438,14 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
           );
         }
 
+        // Trigger $postLink lifecycle hooks
+        forEach(elementControllers, function(controller) {
+          var controllerInstance = controller.instance;
+          if (isFunction(controllerInstance.$postLink)) {
+            controllerInstance.$postLink();
+          }
+        });
+
         // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
         // Note: all arguments are optional!
         function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn, futureParentElement, slotName) {
@@ -2995,6 +3041,7 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
     // only occurs for isolate scopes and new scopes with controllerAs.
     function initializeDirectiveBindings(scope, attrs, destination, bindings, directive) {
       var removeWatchCollection = [];
+      var changes;
       forEach(bindings, function initializeBinding(definition, scopeName) {
         var attrName = definition.attrName,
         optional = definition.optional,
@@ -3010,6 +3057,8 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
             }
             attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
               if (isString(value)) {
+                var oldValue = destination[scopeName];
+                recordChanges(scopeName, value, oldValue);
                 destination[scopeName] = value;
               }
             });
@@ -3081,6 +3130,8 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
             destination[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
 
             removeWatch = scope.$watch(parentGet, function parentValueWatchAction(newParentValue) {
+              var oldValue = destination[scopeName];
+              recordChanges(scopeName, newParentValue, oldValue);
               destination[scopeName] = newParentValue;
             }, parentGet.literal);
 
@@ -3101,6 +3152,33 @@ function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
         }
       });
 
+      function recordChanges(key, currentValue, previousValue) {
+        if (isFunction(destination.$onChanges) && currentValue !== previousValue) {
+          // If we have not already scheduled the top level onChangesQueue handler then do so now
+          if (!onChangesQueue) {
+            scope.$$postDigest(flushOnChangesQueue);
+            onChangesQueue = [];
+          }
+          // If we have not already queued a trigger of onChanges for this controller then do so now
+          if (!changes) {
+            changes = {};
+            onChangesQueue.push(triggerOnChangesHook);
+          }
+          // If the has been a change on this property already then we need to reuse the previous value
+          if (changes[key]) {
+            previousValue = changes[key].previousValue;
+          }
+          // Store this change
+          changes[key] = {previousValue: previousValue, currentValue: currentValue};
+        }
+      }
+
+      function triggerOnChangesHook() {
+        destination.$onChanges(changes);
+        // Now clear the changes so that we schedule onChanges when more changes arrive
+        changes = undefined;
+      }
+
       return removeWatchCollection.length && function removeWatches() {
         for (var i = 0, ii = removeWatchCollection.length; i < ii; ++i) {
           removeWatchCollection[i]();