README.md

Short history of JavaScript

List of references by date of appearance

Date (Initial Release / First mentioned)	Framework or Technology	References
1995	JavaScript	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
1999 - December	ES 3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript
2005 - February	AJAX	Asynchronous JavaScript And XML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)
2005 - March	Dojo	Framework for AJAX web apps https://dojotoolkit.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dojo_Toolkit
2006 - January	Firebug	JavaScript debugging in the browser https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebug_(software) https://hacks.mozilla.org/2017/10/saying-goodbye-to-firebug/
2006 - August	jQuery	Still the most used JavaScript library. Core features: simple DOM selection, navigation and manipulation. https://jquery.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JQuery https://trends.builtwith.com/javascript/jQuery
2006 - February	YUI	JavaScript and CSS librarby. No longer actively maintained. https://yuilibrary.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUI_Library
2008 - September	Chrome / V8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome
2009 - May	Node.js	Server-side JavaScript https://nodejs.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js The original node.js presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztspvPYybIY
2009 - December	ES 5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript http://speakingjs.com/es5/ch25.html
2010 - January	npm	Package manager for node.js https://www.npmjs.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)
2010 - July	Knockout	MVVM framework https://knockoutjs.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_(web_framework)
2010 - October	Backbone	MVP framework. Previously used by AirBnB and Pinterest. http://backbonejs.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backbone.js Evolution of AirBnb's frontend - from jQuery, Backbone and Handlebars to React (2015): https://de.slideshare.net/spikebrehm/the-evolution-of-airbnbs-frontend/56 Pinterest - from Backbone to React (2016): https://medium.com/@Pinterest_Engineering/migrating-pinterest-profiles-to-react-479f4f7306aa
2010 - October	AngularJS	MVVM framework (Google) AngularJS application are structured using controllers, directives and services. It integrates a reduced version of jQuery for DOM manipulation (jQuery Lite). Most popular framework of the MV* generation. https://angularjs.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngularJS
2011 - October	Apache Cordova	Apache Cordova (PhoneGap) was contributed to the Apache Software Foundation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Cordova
2011 - December	ember.js	MVVM framework Used by LinkedIn, Apple Music, Travis CI https://www.emberjs.com/ http://builtwithember.io/ https://blog.travis-ci.com/2016-11-28-ember-at-travis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ember.js
2011	Web Components	https://www.webcomponents.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Components
2011	Browserify	Module bundler / loader (CommonJS / node style) http://browserify.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browserify
2011	RequireJS	Module bundler / loader (AMD style) https://requirejs.org/ https://github.com/requirejs/requirejs/releases?after=1.0.7
2012 - January	Grunt	Task runner https://gruntjs.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunt_(software)
2012 - March	Webpack	Module bundler / loader https://webpack.js.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webpack
2012 - October	TypeScript	A typed superset of JavaScript http://www.typescriptlang.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TypeScript
2012	SPA	Usage of the Term SPA = single page applications increases https://trends.google.de/trends/explore?date=all&q=single%20page%20application
2013 - March	React	Component-based library to build JS frontends (Facebook) https://reactjs.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/React_(JavaScript_library) Usage: https://github.com/facebook/react/wiki/sites-using-react https://reactjs.org/blog/2018/03/27/update-on-async-rendering.html Versioning scheme: https://reactjs.org/blog/2016/02/19/new-versioning-scheme.html
2013 - May	Polymer	Web component library (Google) https://www.polymer-project.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_(library)
2013 - July	Electron	Cross platform desktop apps with JavaScript https://electronjs.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_(software_framework) https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/application-architecture Used by GitHub Atom, Visual Studio Code, Slack, Skype, Mattermost: https://electronjs.org/apps
2013 - September	Gulp	Task runner https://gulpjs.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulp.js https://github.com/gulpjs/gulp/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
2013	Ionic	Framework to build hybrid apps https://ionicframework.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_(mobile_app_framework)
2014 - February	Vue.js	Component-based framework to build SPAs https://vuejs.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vue.js Usage: https://github.com/vuejs/awesome-vue
2015 - January	React Native	Native mobile apps with JavaScript and React (Facebook) https://facebook.github.io/react-native/ https://medium.com/react-native-development/a-brief-history-of-react-native-aae11f4ca39
2015 - March	Native script	Native mobile apps with JavaScript and Angular/Vue https://www.nativescript.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NativeScript
2015 - June	ES 6 / 2015	Significant language update. Yearly release cadence started. https://babeljs.io/docs/en/learn/ http://es6-features.org http://www.benmvp.com/learning-es6-history-of-ecmascript/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript
2015	Babel	JavaScript transpiler. Converts ES 2015+ in ES 5. https://babeljs.io/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babel_(compiler)
2015	PWA	The term "progressive web apps" is coined. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_web_app iOS/Safari-Support für PWAs: https://medium.com/@firt/progressive-web-apps-on-ios-are-here-d00430dee3a7 https://www.netguru.co/codestories/few-tips-that-will-make-your-pwa-on-ios-feel-like-native PWAs and Edge: https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2018/02/06/welcoming-progressive-web-apps-edge-windows-10/ https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/pwa https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2018/05/22/get-started-web-push-notifications-tutorial-demo/
2016 - June	ES 2016	http://2ality.com/2016/01/ecmascript-2016.html
2016 - September	Angular	Component-based framework written in Typescript (Google). Also known as Angular 2. A complete rewrite of AngularJS. https://angular.io/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_(application_platform) http://blog.angularjs.org/2017/04/official-languages-at-google.html Usage: https://www.madewithangular.com/categories/angular https://medium.com/@jkeung/google-i-o-2018-whats-new-in-angular-611cc21befcf Angular Elements: https://angular.io/guide/elements Release and versioning: https://angular.io/guide/releases
2019 - October	Yarn	Package manager (Facebook). Alternative to npm. https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)
2017 - June	ES 2017	http://2ality.com/2016/02/ecmascript-2017.html
2018 - June	ES 2018	https://medium.com/front-end-hacking/javascript-whats-new-in-ecmascript-2018-es2018-17ede97f36d5
2018	Stencil	Web component compiler (Ionic) https://stenciljs.com/ https://blog.ionicframework.com/announcing-the-ionic-pwa-toolkit-beta/

Further references

ES 6 support: http://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es6/

Status of ES proposals: https://github.com/tc39/proposals

Framework overviews / historically overviews:

• https://closebrace.com/articles/2017-09-11/a-brief-incomplete-history-of-javascript
• https://javascriptreport.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-javascript-frameworks/
• https://www.evolutionjobs.com/uk/media/the-rise-and-fall-of-jquery-117981/
• https://hackernoon.com/the-status-of-javascript-libraries-frameworks-2018-beyond-3a5a7cae7513
• https://www.jetbrains.com/research/devecosystem-2018/javascript/
• https://2017.stateofjs.com