goplus.org | Docs | Go+ vs. Go | Tutorials | Playground | iGo+ Playground | Contributing & compiler design
Our vision is to enable everyone to become a builder of the digital world.
- Simple and easy to understand
- Smaller syntax set than Python in best practices
- Derived from Go and easy to build large projects from its good engineering foundation
The Go+ programming language is designed for engineering, STEM education, and data science.
- For engineering: working in the simplest language that can be mastered by children.
- For STEM education: studying an engineering language that can be used for work in the future.
- For data science: communicating with engineers in the same language.
For more details, see Quick Start.
- Approaching natural language expression and intuitive (see How Go+ simplifies Go's expressions).
- Smallest but Turing-complete syntax set in best practices (see The Go+ Mini Specification).
- Fully compatible with Go and can mix Go/Go+ code in the same package (see The Go+ Full Specification and Go/Go+ Hybrid Programming).
- Integrating with the C ecosystem including Python and providing limitless possibilities based on LLGo (see Importing C/C++ and Python libraries).
- Does not support DSL (Domain-Specific Languages), but supports SDF (Specific Domain Friendliness) (see Go+ Classfiles).
Different from the function call style of most languages, Go+ recommends command style code:
println "Hello world"To emphasize our preference for command style, we introduce echo as an alias for println:
echo "Hello world"For more discussion on coding style, see https://tutorial.goplus.org/hello-world.
Code style is just the first step. We have made many efforts to make the code more intuitive and closer to natural language expression. These include:
| Go code | Go+ code | Note |
|---|---|---|
| package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.Println("Hi") } |
import "fmt" fmt.Println("Hi") |
Program structure: Go+ allows omitting package main and func main |
| fmt.Println("Hi") | echo("Hi") | More builtin functions: It simplifies the expression of the most common tasks |
| fmt.Println("Hi") | echo "Hi" | Command-line style code: It reduces the number of parentheses in the code as much as possible, making it closer to natural language |
| a := []int{1, 2, 3} | a := [1, 2, 3] | List literals |
| a := map[string]int{ "Monday": 1, "Tuesday": 2, } |
a := { "Monday": 1, "Tuesday": 2, } |
Mapping literals |
| OnStart(func() { ... }) |
onStart => { ... } |
Lambda expressions |
| type Rect struct { Width float64 Height float64 } func (this *Rect) Area() float64 { return this.Width * this.Height } |
var ( Width float64 Height float64 ) func Area() float64 { return Width * Height } |
Go+ Classfiles: We can express OOP with global variables and functions. |
For more details, see The Go+ Mini Specification.
Go+ can choose different Go compilers as its underlying support. Currently known supported Go compilers include:
- go (The official Go compiler supported by Google)
- llgo (The Go compiler supported by the Go+ team)
- tinygo (A Go compiler for small places)
Currently, Go+ defaults to using go as its underlying support, but in the future, it will be llgo.
LLGo is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem including Python. It aims to expand the boundaries of Go/Go+, providing limitless possibilities such as:
- Game development
- AI and data science
- WebAssembly
- Embedded development
- ...
If you wish to use llgo, specify the -llgo flag when initializing a Go+ module:
gop mod init -llgo YourModulePathThis will generate a go.mod file with the following contents (It may vary slightly depending on the versions of local Go+ and LLGo):
module YourModulePath
go 1.21 // llgo 1.0
require github.com/goplus/llgo v0.9.8Based on LLGo, Go+ can import libraries written in C/C++ and Python.
Here is an example (see chello) of printing Hello world using C's printf:
import "c"
c.printf c"Hello world\n"Here, c"Hello world\n" is a syntax supported by Go+, representing a null-terminated C-style string.
To run this example, you can:
cd YourModulePath # set work directory to your module
gop mod tidy # for generating go.sum file
gop run .And here is an example (see pyhello) of printing Hello world using Python's print:
import "py/std"
std.print py"Hello world"Here, py"Hello world" is a syntax supported by Go+, representing a Python string.
Here are more examples of Go+ calling C/C++ and Python libraries:
- pytensor: a simple demo using py/torch
- tetris: a tetris game based on c/raylib
- sqlitedemo: a demo using c/sqlite
To find out more about LLGo/Go+'s support for C/C++ and Python in detail, please refer to homepage of llgo.
One language can change the whole world.
Go+ is a "DSL" for all domains.
Rob Pike once said that if he could only introduce one feature to Go, he would choose interface instead of goroutine. classfile is as important to Go+ as interface is to Go.
In the design philosophy of Go+, we do not recommend DSL (Domain Specific Language). But SDF (Specific Domain Friendliness) is very important. The Go+ philosophy about SDF is:
Don't define a language for specific domain.
Abstract domain knowledge for it.
Go+ introduces classfile to abstract domain knowledge.
Sound a bit abstract? Let's see some Go+ classfiles.
- Unit Test: classfile: Unit Test
- DevOps: gsh: Go+ DevOps Tools
- Web Programming: yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework
- Web Programming: yaptest: HTTP Test Framework
- Web Programming: ydb: Database Framework
- STEM Education: spx: A Go+ 2D Game Engine
This classfile has the file suffix .yap.
Create a file named get.yap with the following content:
html `<html><body>Hello, YAP!</body></html>`Execute the following commands:
gop mod init hello
gop get github.com/goplus/yap@latest
gop mod tidy
gop run .A simplest web program is running now. At this time, if you visit http://localhost:8080, you will get:
Hello, YAP!
YAP uses filenames to define routes. get.yap's route is get "/" (GET homepage), and get_p_#id.yap's route is get "/p/:id" (In fact, the filename can also be get_p_:id.yap, but it is not recommended because : is not allowed to exist in filenames under Windows).
Let's create a file named get_p_#id.yap with the following content:
json {
"id": ${id},
}Execute gop run . and visit http://localhost:8080/p/123, you will get:
{"id": "123"}
See yap: Yet Another HTTP Web Framework for more details.
Through this example you can learn how to implement dialogues between multiple actors.
Here are some codes in Kai.spx:
onStart => {
say "Where do you come from?", 2
broadcast "1"
}
onMsg "2", => {
say "What's the climate like in your country?", 3
broadcast "3"
}We call onStart and onMsg to listen events. onStart is called when the program is started. And onMsg is called when someone calls broadcast to broadcast a message.
When the program starts, Kai says Where do you come from?, and then broadcasts the message 1. Who will recieve this message? Let's see codes in Jaime.spx:
onMsg "1", => {
say "I come from England.", 2
broadcast "2"
}Yes, Jaime recieves the message 1 and says I come from England.. Then he broadcasts the message 2. Kai recieves it and says What's the climate like in your country?.
The following procedures are very similar. In this way you can implement dialogues between multiple actors.
See spx: A Go+ 2D Game Engine for more details.
Yes, now you can write shell script in Go+. It supports all shell commands.
Let's create a file named example.gsh and write the following code:
mkdir "testgsh"Don't need a go.mod file, just enter gop run ./example.gsh directly to run.
See gsh: Go+ DevOps Tools for more details.
Note: Requires go1.19 or later
winget install goplus.gopsudo bash -c ' echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://pkgs.goplus.org/apt/ /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/goplus.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gopsudo bash -c 'echo -e "[goplus]\nname=Go+ Repo\nbaseurl=https://pkgs.goplus.org/yum/\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0" > /etc/yum.repos.d/goplus.repo'
sudo yum install gopInstall via brew
$ brew install goplusgit clone https://github.com/goplus/gop.git
cd gop
# On mac/linux run:
./all.bash
# On Windows run:
all.bat- vscode: Go/Go+ for Visual Studio Code
The Go+ project welcomes all contributors. We appreciate your help!
For more details, see Contributing & compiler design.
If you like or are using Go+ to learn or start your projects, please give it a star. Thanks!