Convert the codebase to TypeScript (and compiled to AMD)

[ficristo]

Some tips to compile to AMD.

Configuration
A minimal tsconfig.json should be:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "amd",
    "moduleResolution": "classic"
  }
}

Why commonjs doesn't work

Starting from typescript 2.2, when files are compiled it is added a new statement like
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });.
So a tsconfig file with

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "commonjs",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
  }
}

will result in

"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
define(function (require, exports, module) {
...
});

which results in runtime error because of the usage of exports outside the define wrapper.

Why the compiled code is not wrapped in a define function?
If a file doesn't have any import statement is not wrapped in a define function, in that case add an empty export.
See microsoft/TypeScript#20943

Import module object
Add this line to be able to use module directly. It is a deprecated syntax but I didn't find anything better.
/// <amd-dependency path="module" name="module"/>

Compatibility TypeScript and RequireJS
Use export = Foo when RequireJS uses module.exports = Foo.

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Track of changes

• Convert to TypeScript: src/ root files #208 Convert to TypeScript: src/ root files
• Convert to TypeScript: src/ first level folders #192 Convert to TypeScript: src/ first level folders
• Convert to TypeScript: src/extensions/ #209 Convert to TypeScript: src/extensions/
• Convert to TypeScript: src/LiveDevelopment/ #210 Convert to TypeScript: src/LiveDevelopment/
• Convert to TypeScript: src/nls/ #211 Convert to TypeScript: src/nls/
• Convert to TypeScript: src/ node files #212 Convert to TypeScript: src/ node files
• TypeScript: add types for src/thirdparty #216 Add types for src/thirdparty

After the merge with Brackets commits:

• TypeScript: convert src/JSUtils files #256 Convert to TypeScript: src/JSUtils files
• TypeScript: convert src/features files #254 Convert to TypeScript: src/features files
• TypeScript: convert src/languageTools files #285 Convert to TypeScript src/languageTools files