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Enumeración de las etiquetas de HTML más comunes según su tipo.

Etiquetas Comunes

Basic HTML

<!DOCTYPE>   : Define el documento
<html>       : Defiene el documento HTML
<head>       : Contiene los metadatos e información del documento
<title>      : Título del documento
<body>       : Cuerpo del documento
<h1> a <h6>  : HTML Headings
<p>          : Párrafos
<br />       : Single line break
<hr />       : Horizontal rule
<!-- * -->   : Comentarios

Formularios e inputs

<form>       : Formulario HTML (Contenedor)
<input>      : Input control
<textarea>   : Multiline input control
<button>     : Botón
<select>     : Dropdown list (Contenedor)
<option>     : Dropdown list item
<optgroup>   : Grupo de <option> relacionadas
<label>      : Etiqueta de un <input>
<fieldset>   : Grupo de elementos relacionados en un <form>
<legend>     : Caption de un <fieldset>

Formatos

<abbr>       : Abreviación o acrónimo
<code>       : Pieza de código
<em>         : Texto en cursiva (Emphasis Text)
<mark>       : Highlighted
<pre>        : Texto Preformateado
<small>      : Letra pequeña (Copyright/Texto legal)
<progress>   : Barra de progreso
<blockquote> : Quote from another source.
<b>          : Texto en negrita
<q>          : Inline quotation element

<b> vs <strong>

The <strong> element is for content that is of greater importance, while the <b> element is used to draw attention to text without indicating that it's more important. - MDN web docs

<i> vs <em> vs <q> vs <strong>

The <em> element is for words that have a stressed emphasis compared to surrounding text, which is often limited to a word or words of a sentence and affects the meaning of the sentence itself.

Typically this element is displayed in italic type. However, it should not be used to apply italic styling; use the CSS font-style property for that purpose. Use the <cite> element to mark the title of a work (book, play, song, etc.). Use the <i> element to mark text that is in an alternate tone or mood, which covers many common situations for italics such as scientific names or words in other languages. Use the <strong> element to mark text that has greater importance than surrounding text. - MDN web docs

<q> : The inline quotation element

<p>When Dave asks HAL to open the pod bay door, HAL answers: 
    <q cite="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622/quotes/qt0396921">
    I'm sorry, Dave. 
    I'm afraid I can't do that.
    </q>
</p>

The <q> HTML element indicates that the enclosed text is a short inline quotation. Most modern browsers implement this by surrounding the text in quotation marks. This element is intended for short quotations that don't require paragraph breaks; for long quotations use the <blockquote> element.

Imágenes

<img>         : Imagen
<map>         : A set of clickable link Areas
<area>        : Area dentro de un Map
<figure>      : Container de imágenes
<figcaption>  : Pie de foto de una <figure>
<svg>         : SVG
<picture>     : Container para multiples fuentes de imagen
<canvas>      : Use to draw graphics on the fly (via JS)