[core] SetClipboardText() UTF-8 issue for PLATFORM_WEB

[ghost]

• I tested it on latest raylib version from master branch
• Issue forked from Fix text_unicode.c example crashing #3250 (comment)
• I checked the documentation on the wiki
• My code has no errors or misuse of raylib

Issue description

SetClipboardText() is not properly supporting UTF-8 string data on PLATFORM_WEB. E.g.: passing an unescaped char (like \n, \x0A, 0x0A) to it causes the program/game to crash on web.

Relevant parts of code: L2142-L2153 and L2150-L2151. I'll investigate further.

Environment

Platform: Web
Browser: Chromium
Version: 115.0.5790.170 (64-bit)
OS: Linux Mint 21.1 (64-bit)

Platform: Web
Browser: Firefox
Version: 115.1.0esr (64-bit)
OS: Linux Mint 21.1 (64-bit)

Code Example

Minimal reproduction code to test the issue:

int main(void) {
    InitWindow(800, 450, "test");
    SetTargetFPS(60);
    while (!WindowShouldClose()) {

        // Works
        if (IsKeyPressed(KEY_ONE))   SetClipboardText("1\\n2");

        // Crashes
        if (IsKeyPressed(KEY_TWO))   SetClipboardText("3\n4");
        if (IsKeyPressed(KEY_THREE)) SetClipboardText("\x35\x0A\x36");

        BeginDrawing();
        ClearBackground(RAYWHITE);
        EndDrawing();
    }
    CloseWindow();
    return 0;
}

Edit 1: updated code example for clarity.
Edit 2: added UTF-8 literals test to code example.