[v23.1.x] Use async compression in kafka client

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #15920 to branch v23.1.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v23.1.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-15920-v23.1.x-138
git cherry-pick -x 3a6a7ae6f811bf2237a412abd198c4f3c2871a86 d4fc4acb32d5caf3902cf397021536d7b59e6dc1

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-15920-v23.1.x-138
gh pr create \
  --title "[v23.1.x] Use async compression in kafka client" \
  --base "v23.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-15920-v23.1.x-138" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v23.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/15920 "