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MLP-Mixer in Pytorch! 🎨

An implementation of MLP-Mixer or Mixer in short in Pytorch. Mixer is a deep learning architecture for vision that performs comparable with S.O.T.A. CNN-based and attention-based models, while only using MLP building blocks. Mixer uses 3 types of MLP throughout its architecture:

  1. Per-patch MLP: projects patch pixels into a tensor shaped as [patches x channels]
  2. Token-mixing MLP: mixes spatial features per channel
  3. Channel-mixing MLP: mixes features across channel per spatial location

Note: In the paper, the terms tokens and patches are used interchangeably.

Usage

python train.py

Options

  • --patch_size: size of patches of input image
  • --n_layers: number of mixer layers in the Mixer Stack
  • --n_channel: dimension of channel you want to project the pixels to
  • --n_hidden: hidden dimension of mlp inside mlp layers
  • --dataset: choose from mnist, cifar10, or cifar100

Quick Implementation

MLP-Mixer Architecture Overview

The whole MLP-Mixer expects a input tensor of shape [B,C,H,W] where B is the batch size, C is the number of channels of the input image, and H and W are the height and width. ImageToPatch divides the input image tensors into patches of size P. PerPatchMLP takes as input patches of pixels and projects them to channel dimension resulting to tensor of shape [B, n_tokens, n_channel]. MixerStack is composed of N layers of MixerLayers composed of Token-mixing MLP and Channel-mixing MLP for mixing the feautures along the token and channel dimension respectively.

class MLP_Mixer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_layers, n_channel, n_hidden, n_output, image_size, patch_size, n_image_channel):
        super().__init__()

        n_tokens = (image_size // patch_size)**2
        n_pixels = n_image_channel * patch_size**2

        self.ImageToPatch = ImageToPatches(patch_size = patch_size)
        self.PerPatchMLP = PerPatchMLP(n_pixels, n_channel)
        self.MixerStack = nn.Sequential(*[
            nn.Sequential(
                TokenMixingMLP(n_tokens, n_channel, n_hidden),
                ChannelMixingMLP(n_tokens, n_channel, n_hidden)
            ) for _ in range(n_layers)
        ])
        self.OutputMLP = OutputMLP(n_tokens, n_channel, n_output)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.ImageToPatch(x)
        x = self.PerPatchMLP(x)
        x = self.MixerStack(x)
        return self.OutputMLP(x)

Image to Patches and PerPatchMLP

PerPatchMLP projects pixels to channel dimension. It takes as input a tensor of shape [B, n_tokens, n_pixels] and projects to [B, n_tokens, n_channel].

class ImageToPatches(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, patch_size):
        super().__init__()
        self.P = patch_size

    def forward(self, x):
        P = self.P
        B,C,H,W = x.shape                       # [B,C,H,W]                 
        x = x.reshape(B,C, H//P, P , W//P, P)   # [B,C, H//P, P, W//P, P]  
        x = x.permute(0,2,4, 1,3,5)             # [B, H//P, W//P, C, P, P]  
        x = x.reshape(B, H//P * W//P, C*P*P)    # [B, H//P * W//P, C*P*P]  
                                                # [B, n_tokens, n_pixels]
        return x

class PerPatchMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_pixels, n_channel):
        super().__init__()
        self.mlp = nn.Linear(n_pixels, n_channel)

    def forward(self, x):      
        return self.mlp(x)  # [B, n_tokens, n_channel]

Token-mixing MLP

Token-mixing MLP projects tokens to hidden dimension and back to token dimension. Therefore it expects an input of shape [B, n_channel, n_tokens], which is done by swapping the axes.

class TokenMixingMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_tokens, n_channel, n_hidden):
        super().__init__()
        self.layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm([n_tokens, n_channel])
        self.mlp1 = nn.Linear(n_tokens, n_hidden)       
        self.gelu = nn.GELU()
        self.mlp2 = nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_tokens)

    def forward(self, X):
        z = self.layer_norm(X)                  # z:    [B, n_tokens, n_channel]
        z = z.permute(0, 2,1)                   # z:    [B, n_channel, n_tokens]
        z = self.gelu(self.mlp1(z))             # z:    [B, n_channel, n_hidden] 
        z = self.mlp2(z)                        # z:    [B, n_channel, n_tokens]
        z = z.permute(0, 2,1)                   # z:    [B, n_tokens, n_channel]
        U = X + z                               # U:    [B, n_tokens, n_channel]
        return U

Channel-mixing MLP

Channel-mixing MLP projects channels to hidden dimension and back to channel dimension. Since the input tensor has shape [B, n_tokens, n_channel], there is no need to swap axes.

class ChannelMixingMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_tokens, n_channel, n_hidden):
        super().__init__()
        self.layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm([n_tokens, n_channel])
        self.mlp3 = nn.Linear(n_channel, n_hidden)
        self.gelu = nn.GELU()
        self.mlp4 = nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_channel)

    def forward(self, U):
        z = self.layer_norm(U)                  # z: [B, n_tokens, n_channel]
        z = self.gelu(self.mlp3(z))             # z: [B, n_tokens, n_hidden]
        z = self.mlp4(z)                        # z: [B, n_tokens, n_channel]
        Y = U + z                               # Y: [B, n_tokens, n_channel]
        return Y

OutputMLP

OutputMLP is the usual fully-connected for outputs. The only difference is it takes as input features averaged along the token dimension.

class OutputMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_tokens, n_channel, n_output):
        super().__init__()
        self.layer_norm = nn.LayerNorm([n_tokens, n_channel])
        self.out_mlp = nn.Linear(n_channel, n_output)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.layer_norm(x)                  # x: [B, n_tokens, n_channel]
        x = x.mean(dim=1)                       # x: [B, n_channel] 
        return self.out_mlp(x)                  # x: [B, n_output]

MLP-Mixer vs CNN

Actually, all MLP building blocks in MLP can be constructed using ConvLayers

  • Per-Patch MLP -> Conv Layer with kernel of size PxP and stride of size P
  • Token-mixing MLP -> Single-channel Conv Layer with kernel of size of the full receptive field (i.e. H/P x W/P)
  • Channel-mixing MLP -> Conv Layer with kernel of size 1x1