|
| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +layout: news_post |
| 3 | +title: "Ruby 3.3.0 Released" |
| 4 | +author: "naruse" |
| 5 | +translator: |
| 6 | +date: 2023-12-25 00:00:00 +0000 |
| 7 | +lang: en |
| 8 | +--- |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +{% assign release = site.data.releases | where: "version", "3.3.0" | first %} |
| 11 | +We are pleased to announce the release of Ruby {{ release.version }}. Ruby 3.3 adds a new parser named Prism, uses Lrama as a parser generator, adds a new pure-Ruby JIT compiler named RJIT, and many performance improvements especially YJIT. |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +## Prism |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +* Introduced [the Prism parser](https://github.com/ruby/prism) as a default gem |
| 16 | + * Prism is a portable, error tolerant, and maintainable recursive descent parser for the Ruby language |
| 17 | +* Prism is production ready and actively maintained, you can use it in place of Ripper |
| 18 | + * There is [extensive documentation](https://ruby.github.io/prism/) on how to use Prism |
| 19 | + * Prism is both a C library that will be used internally by CRuby and a Ruby gem that can be used by any tooling which needs to parse Ruby code |
| 20 | + * Notable methods in the Prism API are: |
| 21 | + * `Prism.parse(source)` which returns the AST as part of a parse result object |
| 22 | + * `Prism.parse_comments(source)` which returns the comments |
| 23 | + * `Prism.parse_success?(source)` which returns true if there are no errors |
| 24 | +* You can make pull requests or issues directly on [the Prism repository](https://github.com/ruby/prism) if you are interested in contributing |
| 25 | +* You can now use `ruby --parser=prism` or `RUBYOPT="--parser=prism"` to experiment with the Prism compiler. Please note that this flag is for debugging only. |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +## Use Lrama instead of Bison |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +* Replace Bison with [Lrama LALR parser generator](https://github.com/ruby/lrama) [[Feature #19637]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19637) |
| 30 | + * If you have interest, please see [The future vision of Ruby Parser](https://rubykaigi.org/2023/presentations/spikeolaf.html) |
| 31 | + * Lrama internal parser is replaced with LR parser generated by Racc for maintainability |
| 32 | + * Parameterizing Rules `(?, *, +)` are supported, it will be used in Ruby parse.y |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +## YJIT |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +* Major performance improvements over Ruby 3.2 |
| 37 | + * Support for splat and rest arguments has been improved. |
| 38 | + * Registers are allocated for stack operations of the virtual machine. |
| 39 | + * More calls with optional arguments are compiled. Exception handlers are also compiled. |
| 40 | + * Unsupported call types and megamorphic call sites no longer exit to the interpreter. |
| 41 | + * Basic methods like Rails `#blank?` and |
| 42 | + [specialized `#present?`](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/49909) are inlined. |
| 43 | + * `Integer#*`, `Integer#!=`, `String#!=`, `String#getbyte`, |
| 44 | + `Kernel#block_given?`, `Kernel#is_a?`, `Kernel#instance_of?`, and `Module#===` |
| 45 | + are specially optimized. |
| 46 | + * Compilation speed is now slightly faster than Ruby 3.2. |
| 47 | + * Now more than 3x faster than the interpreter on Optcarrot! |
| 48 | +* Significantly improved memory usage over Ruby 3.2 |
| 49 | + * Metadata for compiled code uses a lot less memory. |
| 50 | + * `--yjit-call-threshold` is automatically raised from 30 to 120 |
| 51 | + when the application has more than 40,000 ISEQs. |
| 52 | + * `--yjit-cold-threshold` is added to skip compiling cold ISEQs. |
| 53 | + * More compact code is generated on Arm64. |
| 54 | +* Code GC is now disabled by default |
| 55 | + * `--yjit-exec-mem-size` is treated as a hard limit where compilation of new code stops. |
| 56 | + * No sudden drops in performance due to code GC. |
| 57 | + Better copy-on-write behavior on servers reforking with |
| 58 | + [Pitchfork](https://github.com/shopify/pitchfork). |
| 59 | + * You can still enable code GC if desired with `--yjit-code-gc` |
| 60 | +* Add `RubyVM::YJIT.enable` that can enable YJIT at run-time |
| 61 | + * You can start YJIT without modifying command-line arguments or environment variables. |
| 62 | + Rails 7.2 will [enable YJIT by default](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/49947) |
| 63 | + using this method. |
| 64 | + * This can also be used to enable YJIT only once your application is |
| 65 | + done booting. `--yjit-disable` can be used if you want to use other |
| 66 | + YJIT options while disabling YJIT at boot. |
| 67 | +* More YJIT stats are available by default |
| 68 | + * `yjit_alloc_size` and several more metadata-related stats are now available by default. |
| 69 | + * `ratio_in_yjit` stat produced by `--yjit-stats` is now available in release builds, |
| 70 | + a special stats or dev build is no longer required to access most stats. |
| 71 | +* Add more profiling capabilities |
| 72 | + * `--yjit-perf` is added to facilitate profiling with Linux perf. |
| 73 | + * `--yjit-trace-exits` now supports sampling with `--yjit-trace-exits-sample-rate=N` |
| 74 | +* More thorough testing and multiple bug fixes |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +## RJIT |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +* Introduced a pure-Ruby JIT compiler RJIT and replaced MJIT. |
| 79 | + * RJIT supports only x86-64 architecture on Unix platforms. |
| 80 | + * Unlike MJIT, it doesn't require a C compiler at runtime. |
| 81 | +* RJIT exists only for experimental purposes. |
| 82 | + * You should keep using YJIT in production. |
| 83 | +* If you are interested in developing JIT for Ruby, please check out [k0kubun's presentation on Day 3 of RubyKaigi](https://rubykaigi.org/2023/presentations/k0kubun.html#day3). |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +## M:N thread scheduler |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +* M:N thread scheduler was introduced. [[Feature #19842]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19842) |
| 88 | + * M Ruby threads are managed by N native threads (OS threads) so the thread creation and management cost are reduced. |
| 89 | + * It can break C-extension compatibility so that M:N thread scheduler is disabled on the main Ractor by default. |
| 90 | + * `RUBY_MN_THREADS=1` environment variable enables M:N threads on the main Ractor. |
| 91 | + * M:N threads are always enabled on non-main Ractors. |
| 92 | + * `RUBY_MAX_CPU=n` environment variable sets maximum number of `N` (maximum number of native threads). The default value is 8. |
| 93 | + * Since only one Ruby thread per Ractor can run at the same time, the number of native threads will be used, which is the smaller of the number specified in `RUBY_MAX_CPU` and the number of running Ractors. So that single Ractor applications (most of applications) will only use 1 native thread. |
| 94 | + * To support blocking operations, more than `N` native threads can be used. |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | +## Performance improvements |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | +* `defined?(@ivar)` is optimized with Object Shapes. |
| 99 | +* Name resolution such as `Socket.getaddrinfo` can now be interrupted (in environments where pthreads are available). [[Feature #19965]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19965) |
| 100 | +* Several performance improvements to the Garbage Collector |
| 101 | + * Young objects referenced by old objects are no longer immediately |
| 102 | + promoted to the old generation. This significantly reduces the frequency of |
| 103 | + major GC collections. [[Feature #19678]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19678) |
| 104 | + * A new `REMEMBERED_WB_UNPROTECTED_OBJECTS_LIMIT_RATIO` tuning variable was |
| 105 | + introduced to control the number of unprotected objects cause a major GC |
| 106 | + collection to trigger. The default is set to `0.01` (1%). This significantly |
| 107 | + reduces the frequency of major GC collection. [[Feature #19571]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19571) |
| 108 | + * Write Barriers were implemented for many core types that were missing them, |
| 109 | + notably `Time`, `Enumerator`, `MatchData`, `Method`, `File::Stat`, `BigDecimal` |
| 110 | + and several others. This significantly reduces minor GC collection time and major |
| 111 | + GC collection frequency. |
| 112 | + * Most core classes are now using Variable Width Allocation, notably `Hash`, `Time`, |
| 113 | + `Thread::Backtrace`, `Thread::Backtrace::Location`, `File::Stat`, `Method`. |
| 114 | + This makes these classes faster to allocate and free, use less memory and reduce |
| 115 | + heap fragmentation. |
| 116 | + * Support for weak references has been added to the garbage collector. [[Feature #19783]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19783) |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +## Other notable changes since 3.2 |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +### IRB |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | +IRB has received several enhancements, including but not limited to: |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +- Advanced `irb:rdbg` integration that provides an equivalent debugging experience to `pry-byebug` ([doc](https://github.com/ruby/irb#debugging-with-irb)). |
| 126 | +- Pager support for `ls`, `show_source` and `show_cmds` commands. |
| 127 | +- More accurate and helpful information provided by the `ls` and `show_source` commands. |
| 128 | +- Experimental autocompletion using type analysis ([doc](https://github.com/ruby/irb#type-based-completion)). |
| 129 | +- It is now possible to change the font color and font style in the completion dialog by a newly introduced class Reline::Face ([doc](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/reline/face.md)) |
| 130 | + |
| 131 | +In addition, IRB has also undergone extensive refactoring and received dozens of bug fixes to facilitate easier future enhancements. |
| 132 | + |
| 133 | +## Compatibility issues |
| 134 | + |
| 135 | +Note: Excluding feature bug fixes. |
| 136 | + |
| 137 | +* `it` calls without arguments in a block with no ordinary parameters are |
| 138 | + deprecated. `it` will be a reference to the first block parameter in Ruby 3.4. |
| 139 | + [[Feature #18980]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18980) |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | +### Removed environment variables |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +The following deprecated methods are removed. |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | +* Environment variable `RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS` has been deprecated and is a no-op. Please use environment variables `RUBY_GC_HEAP_{0,1,2,3,4}_INIT_SLOTS` instead. [[Feature #19785]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19785) |
| 146 | + |
| 147 | +## Stdlib compatibility issues |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | +### `ext/readline` is retired |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +* We have `reline` that is pure Ruby implementation compatible with `ext/readline` API. We rely on `reline` in the future. If you need to use `ext/readline`, you can install `ext/readline` via rubygems.org with `gem install readline-ext`. |
| 152 | +* We no longer need to install libraries like `libreadline` or `libedit`. |
| 153 | + |
| 154 | +## Standard library updates |
| 155 | + |
| 156 | +RubyGems and Bundler warn if users do `require` the following gems without adding them to Gemfile or gemspec. This is because they will become the bundled gems in the future version of Ruby. |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | +This warning is suppressed if you use bootsnap gem. We recoomend to run your application with `DISABLE_BOOTSNAP=1` environmental variable at least once. This is limitation of this version. |
| 159 | + |
| 160 | +Targeted libraries are: |
| 161 | + * abbrev |
| 162 | + * base64 |
| 163 | + * bigdecimal |
| 164 | + * csv |
| 165 | + * drb |
| 166 | + * getoptlong |
| 167 | + * mutex_m |
| 168 | + * nkf |
| 169 | + * observer |
| 170 | + * racc |
| 171 | + * resolv-replace |
| 172 | + * rinda |
| 173 | + * syslog |
| 174 | + |
| 175 | +The following default gem is added. |
| 176 | + |
| 177 | +* prism 0.19.0 |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +The following default gems are updated. |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +* RubyGems 3.5.3 |
| 182 | +* abbrev 0.1.2 |
| 183 | +* base64 0.2.0 |
| 184 | +* benchmark 0.3.0 |
| 185 | +* bigdecimal 3.1.5 |
| 186 | +* bundler 2.5.3 |
| 187 | +* cgi 0.4.1 |
| 188 | +* csv 3.2.8 |
| 189 | +* date 3.3.4 |
| 190 | +* delegate 0.3.1 |
| 191 | +* drb 2.2.0 |
| 192 | +* english 0.8.0 |
| 193 | +* erb 4.0.3 |
| 194 | +* error_highlight 0.6.0 |
| 195 | +* etc 1.4.3 |
| 196 | +* fcntl 1.1.0 |
| 197 | +* fiddle 1.1.2 |
| 198 | +* fileutils 1.7.2 |
| 199 | +* find 0.2.0 |
| 200 | +* getoptlong 0.2.1 |
| 201 | +* io-console 0.7.1 |
| 202 | +* io-nonblock 0.3.0 |
| 203 | +* io-wait 0.3.1 |
| 204 | +* ipaddr 1.2.6 |
| 205 | +* irb 1.11.0 |
| 206 | +* json 2.7.1 |
| 207 | +* logger 1.6.0 |
| 208 | +* mutex_m 0.2.0 |
| 209 | +* net-http 0.4.0 |
| 210 | +* net-protocol 0.2.2 |
| 211 | +* nkf 0.1.3 |
| 212 | +* observer 0.1.2 |
| 213 | +* open-uri 0.4.1 |
| 214 | +* open3 0.2.1 |
| 215 | +* openssl 3.2.0 |
| 216 | +* optparse 0.4.0 |
| 217 | +* ostruct 0.6.0 |
| 218 | +* pathname 0.3.0 |
| 219 | +* pp 0.5.0 |
| 220 | +* prettyprint 0.2.0 |
| 221 | +* pstore 0.1.3 |
| 222 | +* psych 5.1.2 |
| 223 | +* rdoc 6.6.2 |
| 224 | +* readline 0.0.4 |
| 225 | +* reline 0.4.1 |
| 226 | +* resolv 0.3.0 |
| 227 | +* rinda 0.2.0 |
| 228 | +* securerandom 0.3.1 |
| 229 | +* set 1.1.0 |
| 230 | +* shellwords 0.2.0 |
| 231 | +* singleton 0.2.0 |
| 232 | +* stringio 3.1.0 |
| 233 | +* strscan 3.0.7 |
| 234 | +* syntax_suggest 2.0.0 |
| 235 | +* syslog 0.1.2 |
| 236 | +* tempfile 0.2.1 |
| 237 | +* time 0.3.0 |
| 238 | +* timeout 0.4.1 |
| 239 | +* tmpdir 0.2.0 |
| 240 | +* tsort 0.2.0 |
| 241 | +* un 0.3.0 |
| 242 | +* uri 0.13.0 |
| 243 | +* weakref 0.1.3 |
| 244 | +* win32ole 1.8.10 |
| 245 | +* yaml 0.3.0 |
| 246 | +* zlib 3.1.0 |
| 247 | + |
| 248 | +The following bundled gem is promoted from default gems. |
| 249 | + |
| 250 | +* racc 1.7.3 |
| 251 | + |
| 252 | +The following bundled gems are updated. |
| 253 | + |
| 254 | +* minitest 5.20.0 |
| 255 | +* rake 13.1.0 |
| 256 | +* test-unit 3.6.1 |
| 257 | +* rexml 3.2.6 |
| 258 | +* rss 0.3.0 |
| 259 | +* net-ftp 0.3.3 |
| 260 | +* net-imap 0.4.9 |
| 261 | +* net-smtp 0.4.0 |
| 262 | +* rbs 3.4.0 |
| 263 | +* typeprof 0.21.9 |
| 264 | +* debug 1.9.1 |
| 265 | + |
| 266 | +See GitHub releases like [Logger](https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases) or |
| 267 | +changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems. |
| 268 | + |
| 269 | +See [NEWS](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/{{ release.tag }}/NEWS.md) |
| 270 | +or [commit logs](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_2_0...{{ release.tag }}) |
| 271 | +for more details. |
| 272 | + |
| 273 | +With those changes, [{{ release.stats.files_changed }} files changed, {{ release.stats.insertions }} insertions(+), {{ release.stats.deletions }} deletions(-)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_2_0...{{ release.tag }}#file_bucket) |
| 274 | +since Ruby 3.2.0! |
| 275 | + |
| 276 | +Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays, and enjoy programming with Ruby 3.3! |
| 277 | + |
| 278 | +## Download |
| 279 | + |
| 280 | +* <{{ release.url.gz }}> |
| 281 | + |
| 282 | + SIZE: {{ release.size.gz }} |
| 283 | + SHA1: {{ release.sha1.gz }} |
| 284 | + SHA256: {{ release.sha256.gz }} |
| 285 | + SHA512: {{ release.sha512.gz }} |
| 286 | + |
| 287 | +* <{{ release.url.xz }}> |
| 288 | + |
| 289 | + SIZE: {{ release.size.xz }} |
| 290 | + SHA1: {{ release.sha1.xz }} |
| 291 | + SHA256: {{ release.sha256.xz }} |
| 292 | + SHA512: {{ release.sha512.xz }} |
| 293 | + |
| 294 | +* <{{ release.url.zip }}> |
| 295 | + |
| 296 | + SIZE: {{ release.size.zip }} |
| 297 | + SHA1: {{ release.sha1.zip }} |
| 298 | + SHA256: {{ release.sha256.zip }} |
| 299 | + SHA512: {{ release.sha512.zip }} |
| 300 | + |
| 301 | +## What is Ruby |
| 302 | + |
| 303 | +Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993, |
| 304 | +and is now developed as Open Source. It runs on multiple platforms |
| 305 | +and is used all over the world especially for web development. |
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