Copy {en/ko}/news/_posts/2023-12-25-ruby-3-3-0-released.md

Author: riseshia

ko/news/_posts/2023-12-25-ruby-3-3-0-released.md

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+---
+layout: news_post
+title: "Ruby 3.3.0 Released"
+author: "naruse"
+translator:
+date: 2023-12-25 00:00:00 +0000
+lang: en
+---
+
+{% assign release = site.data.releases | where: "version", "3.3.0" | first %}
+We are pleased to announce the release of Ruby {{ release.version }}. Ruby 3.3 adds a new parser named Prism, uses Lrama as a parser generator, adds a new pure-Ruby JIT compiler named RJIT, and many performance improvements especially YJIT.
+
+## Prism
+
+* Introduced [the Prism parser](https://github.com/ruby/prism) as a default gem
+    * Prism is a portable, error tolerant, and maintainable recursive descent parser for the Ruby language
+* Prism is production ready and actively maintained, you can use it in place of Ripper
+    * There is [extensive documentation](https://ruby.github.io/prism/) on how to use Prism
+    * Prism is both a C library that will be used internally by CRuby and a Ruby gem that can be used by any tooling which needs to parse Ruby code
+    * Notable methods in the Prism API are:
+        * `Prism.parse(source)` which returns the AST as part of a parse result object
+        * `Prism.parse_comments(source)` which returns the comments
+        * `Prism.parse_success?(source)` which returns true if there are no errors
+* You can make pull requests or issues directly on [the Prism repository](https://github.com/ruby/prism) if you are interested in contributing
+* You can now use `ruby --parser=prism` or `RUBYOPT="--parser=prism"` to experiment with the Prism compiler. Please note that this flag is for debugging only.
+
+## Use Lrama instead of Bison
+
+* Replace Bison with [Lrama LALR parser generator](https://github.com/ruby/lrama) [[Feature #19637]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19637)
+  * If you have interest, please see [The future vision of Ruby Parser](https://rubykaigi.org/2023/presentations/spikeolaf.html)
+  * Lrama internal parser is replaced with LR parser generated by Racc for maintainability
+  * Parameterizing Rules `(?, *, +)` are supported, it will be used in Ruby parse.y
+
+## YJIT
+
+* Major performance improvements over Ruby 3.2
+  * Support for splat and rest arguments has been improved.
+  * Registers are allocated for stack operations of the virtual machine.
+  * More calls with optional arguments are compiled. Exception handlers are also compiled.
+  * Unsupported call types and megamorphic call sites no longer exit to the interpreter.
+  * Basic methods like Rails `#blank?` and
+    [specialized `#present?`](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/49909) are inlined.
+  * `Integer#*`, `Integer#!=`, `String#!=`, `String#getbyte`,
+    `Kernel#block_given?`, `Kernel#is_a?`, `Kernel#instance_of?`, and `Module#===`
+    are specially optimized.
+  * Compilation speed is now slightly faster than Ruby 3.2.
+  * Now more than 3x faster than the interpreter on Optcarrot!
+* Significantly improved memory usage over Ruby 3.2
+    * Metadata for compiled code uses a lot less memory.
+    * `--yjit-call-threshold` is automatically raised from 30 to 120
+      when the application has more than 40,000 ISEQs.
+    * `--yjit-cold-threshold` is added to skip compiling cold ISEQs.
+    * More compact code is generated on Arm64.
+* Code GC is now disabled by default
+  * `--yjit-exec-mem-size` is treated as a hard limit where compilation of new code stops.
+  * No sudden drops in performance due to code GC.
+    Better copy-on-write behavior on servers reforking with
+    [Pitchfork](https://github.com/shopify/pitchfork).
+  * You can still enable code GC if desired with `--yjit-code-gc`
+* Add `RubyVM::YJIT.enable` that can enable YJIT at run-time
+  * You can start YJIT without modifying command-line arguments or environment variables.
+    Rails 7.2 will [enable YJIT by default](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/49947)
+    using this method.
+  * This can also be used to enable YJIT only once your application is
+    done booting. `--yjit-disable` can be used if you want to use other
+    YJIT options while disabling YJIT at boot.
+* More YJIT stats are available by default
+  * `yjit_alloc_size` and several more metadata-related stats are now available by default.
+  * `ratio_in_yjit` stat produced by `--yjit-stats` is now available in release builds,
+    a special stats or dev build is no longer required to access most stats.
+* Add more profiling capabilities
+  * `--yjit-perf` is added to facilitate profiling with Linux perf.
+  * `--yjit-trace-exits` now supports sampling with `--yjit-trace-exits-sample-rate=N`
+* More thorough testing and multiple bug fixes
+
+## RJIT
+
+* Introduced a pure-Ruby JIT compiler RJIT and replaced MJIT.
+  * RJIT supports only x86-64 architecture on Unix platforms.
+  * Unlike MJIT, it doesn't require a C compiler at runtime.
+* RJIT exists only for experimental purposes.
+  * You should keep using YJIT in production.
+* If you are interested in developing JIT for Ruby, please check out [k0kubun's presentation on Day 3 of RubyKaigi](https://rubykaigi.org/2023/presentations/k0kubun.html#day3).
+
+## M:N thread scheduler
+
+* M:N thread scheduler was introduced. [[Feature #19842]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19842)
+  * M Ruby threads are managed by N native threads (OS threads) so the thread creation and management cost are reduced.
+  * It can break C-extension compatibility so that M:N thread scheduler is disabled on the main Ractor by default.
+      * `RUBY_MN_THREADS=1` environment variable enables M:N threads on the main Ractor.
+      * M:N threads are always enabled on non-main Ractors.
+  * `RUBY_MAX_CPU=n` environment variable sets maximum number of `N` (maximum number of native threads). The default value is 8.
+      * Since only one Ruby thread per Ractor can run at the same time, the number of native threads will be used, which is the smaller of the number specified in `RUBY_MAX_CPU` and the number of running Ractors. So that single Ractor applications (most of applications) will only use 1 native thread.
+      * To support blocking operations, more than `N` native threads can be used.
+
+## Performance improvements
+
+* `defined?(@ivar)` is optimized with Object Shapes.
+* Name resolution such as `Socket.getaddrinfo` can now be interrupted (in environments where pthreads are available). [[Feature #19965]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19965)
+* Several performance improvements to the Garbage Collector
+  * Young objects referenced by old objects are no longer immediately
+      promoted to the old generation. This significantly reduces the frequency of
+      major GC collections. [[Feature #19678]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19678)
+  * A new `REMEMBERED_WB_UNPROTECTED_OBJECTS_LIMIT_RATIO` tuning variable was
+      introduced to control the number of unprotected objects cause a major GC
+      collection to trigger. The default is set to `0.01` (1%). This significantly
+      reduces the frequency of major GC collection. [[Feature #19571]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19571)
+  * Write Barriers were implemented for many core types that were missing them,
+      notably `Time`, `Enumerator`, `MatchData`, `Method`, `File::Stat`, `BigDecimal`
+      and several others. This significantly reduces minor GC collection time and major
+      GC collection frequency.
+  * Most core classes are now using Variable Width Allocation, notably `Hash`, `Time`,
+      `Thread::Backtrace`, `Thread::Backtrace::Location`, `File::Stat`, `Method`.
+      This makes these classes faster to allocate and free, use less memory and reduce
+      heap fragmentation.
+  * Support for weak references has been added to the garbage collector. [[Feature #19783]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19783)
+
+
+## Other notable changes since 3.2
+
+### IRB
+
+IRB has received several enhancements, including but not limited to:
+
+- Advanced `irb:rdbg` integration that provides an equivalent debugging experience to `pry-byebug` ([doc](https://github.com/ruby/irb#debugging-with-irb)).
+- Pager support for `ls`, `show_source` and `show_cmds` commands.
+- More accurate and helpful information provided by the `ls` and `show_source` commands.
+- Experimental autocompletion using type analysis ([doc](https://github.com/ruby/irb#type-based-completion)).
+- It is now possible to change the font color and font style in the completion dialog by a newly introduced class Reline::Face ([doc](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/reline/face.md))
+
+In addition, IRB has also undergone extensive refactoring and received dozens of bug fixes to facilitate easier future enhancements.
+
+## Compatibility issues
+
+Note: Excluding feature bug fixes.
+
+* `it` calls without arguments in a block with no ordinary parameters are
+  deprecated. `it` will be a reference to the first block parameter in Ruby 3.4.
+  [[Feature #18980]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18980)
+
+### Removed environment variables
+
+The following deprecated methods are removed.
+
+* Environment variable `RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS` has been deprecated and is a no-op. Please use environment variables `RUBY_GC_HEAP_{0,1,2,3,4}_INIT_SLOTS` instead. [[Feature #19785]](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19785)
+
+## Stdlib compatibility issues
+
+### `ext/readline` is retired
+
+* We have `reline` that is pure Ruby implementation compatible with `ext/readline` API. We rely on `reline` in the future. If you need to use `ext/readline`, you can install `ext/readline` via rubygems.org with `gem install readline-ext`.
+* We no longer need to install libraries like `libreadline` or `libedit`.
+
+## Standard library updates
+
+RubyGems and Bundler warn if users do `require` the following gems without adding them to Gemfile or gemspec. This is because they will become the bundled gems in the future version of Ruby.
+
+This warning is suppressed if you use bootsnap gem. We recoomend to run your application with `DISABLE_BOOTSNAP=1` environmental variable at least once. This is limitation of this version.
+
+Targeted libraries are:
+  * abbrev
+  * base64
+  * bigdecimal
+  * csv
+  * drb
+  * getoptlong
+  * mutex_m
+  * nkf
+  * observer
+  * racc
+  * resolv-replace
+  * rinda
+  * syslog
+
+The following default gem is added.
+
+* prism 0.19.0
+
+The following default gems are updated.
+
+* RubyGems 3.5.3
+* abbrev 0.1.2
+* base64 0.2.0
+* benchmark 0.3.0
+* bigdecimal 3.1.5
+* bundler 2.5.3
+* cgi 0.4.1
+* csv 3.2.8
+* date 3.3.4
+* delegate 0.3.1
+* drb 2.2.0
+* english 0.8.0
+* erb 4.0.3
+* error_highlight 0.6.0
+* etc 1.4.3
+* fcntl 1.1.0
+* fiddle 1.1.2
+* fileutils 1.7.2
+* find 0.2.0
+* getoptlong 0.2.1
+* io-console 0.7.1
+* io-nonblock 0.3.0
+* io-wait 0.3.1
+* ipaddr 1.2.6
+* irb 1.11.0
+* json 2.7.1
+* logger 1.6.0
+* mutex_m 0.2.0
+* net-http 0.4.0
+* net-protocol 0.2.2
+* nkf 0.1.3
+* observer 0.1.2
+* open-uri 0.4.1
+* open3 0.2.1
+* openssl 3.2.0
+* optparse 0.4.0
+* ostruct 0.6.0
+* pathname 0.3.0
+* pp 0.5.0
+* prettyprint 0.2.0
+* pstore 0.1.3
+* psych 5.1.2
+* rdoc 6.6.2
+* readline 0.0.4
+* reline 0.4.1
+* resolv 0.3.0
+* rinda 0.2.0
+* securerandom 0.3.1
+* set 1.1.0
+* shellwords 0.2.0
+* singleton 0.2.0
+* stringio 3.1.0
+* strscan 3.0.7
+* syntax_suggest 2.0.0
+* syslog 0.1.2
+* tempfile 0.2.1
+* time 0.3.0
+* timeout 0.4.1
+* tmpdir 0.2.0
+* tsort 0.2.0
+* un 0.3.0
+* uri 0.13.0
+* weakref 0.1.3
+* win32ole 1.8.10
+* yaml 0.3.0
+* zlib 3.1.0
+
+The following bundled gem is promoted from default gems.
+
+* racc 1.7.3
+
+The following bundled gems are updated.
+
+* minitest 5.20.0
+* rake 13.1.0
+* test-unit 3.6.1
+* rexml 3.2.6
+* rss 0.3.0
+* net-ftp 0.3.3
+* net-imap 0.4.9
+* net-smtp 0.4.0
+* rbs 3.4.0
+* typeprof 0.21.9
+* debug 1.9.1
+
+See GitHub releases like [Logger](https://github.com/ruby/logger/releases) or
+changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems.
+
+See [NEWS](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/{{ release.tag }}/NEWS.md)
+or [commit logs](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_2_0...{{ release.tag }})
+for more details.
+
+With those changes, [{{ release.stats.files_changed }} files changed, {{ release.stats.insertions }} insertions(+), {{ release.stats.deletions }} deletions(-)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_2_0...{{ release.tag }}#file_bucket)
+since Ruby 3.2.0!
+
+Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays, and enjoy programming with Ruby 3.3!
+
+## Download
+
+* <{{ release.url.gz }}>
+
+      SIZE: {{ release.size.gz }}
+      SHA1: {{ release.sha1.gz }}
+      SHA256: {{ release.sha256.gz }}
+      SHA512: {{ release.sha512.gz }}
+
+* <{{ release.url.xz }}>
+
+      SIZE: {{ release.size.xz }}
+      SHA1: {{ release.sha1.xz }}
+      SHA256: {{ release.sha256.xz }}
+      SHA512: {{ release.sha512.xz }}
+
+* <{{ release.url.zip }}>
+
+      SIZE: {{ release.size.zip }}
+      SHA1: {{ release.sha1.zip }}
+      SHA256: {{ release.sha256.zip }}
+      SHA512: {{ release.sha512.zip }}
+
+## What is Ruby
+
+Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993,
+and is now developed as Open Source. It runs on multiple platforms
+and is used all over the world especially for web development.