Add regression test for #105501

The test was minified from the published `msf-ice:0.2.1` crate which failed in a crater run.

A faulty compiler was triggering a `higher-ranked lifetime error`:

> could not prove `[async block@...]: Send`

Author: Swatinem

src/test/ui/async-await/issue-105501.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// check-pass
+// edition:2018
+
+// This is a regression test for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/105501.
+// It was minified from the published `msf-ice:0.2.1` crate which failed in a crater run.
+// A faulty compiler was triggering a `higher-ranked lifetime error`:
+//
+// > could not prove `[async block@...]: Send`
+
+use mini_futures::Stream;
+
+fn is_send(_: impl Send) {}
+
+pub fn main() {
+    let fut = async {
+        let mut stream = mini_futures::iter([()])
+            .then(|_| async {})
+            .map(|_| async { None })
+            .buffered()
+            .filter_map(std::future::ready);
+
+        stream.next().await
+    };
+
+    is_send(async move {
+        let _: Option<()> = fut.await;
+    });
+}
+
+// this is a simplified subset of `futures::StreamExt` and related types
+mod mini_futures {
+    use std::future::Future;
+    use std::pin::Pin;
+    use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+
+    pub fn iter<I>(_: I) -> Iter<I::IntoIter>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator,
+    {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    pub trait Stream {
+        type Item;
+
+        fn then<Fut, F>(self, _: F) -> Then<Self, Fut, F>
+        where
+            F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
+            Fut: Future,
+            Self: Sized,
+        {
+            todo!()
+        }
+
+        fn map<T, F>(self, _: F) -> Map<Self, F>
+        where
+            F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> T,
+            Self: Sized,
+        {
+            todo!()
+        }
+
+        fn buffered(self) -> Buffered<Self>
+        where
+            Self::Item: Future,
+            Self: Sized,
+        {
+            todo!()
+        }
+
+        fn filter_map<Fut, T, F>(self, _: F) -> FilterMap<Self, Fut, F>
+        where
+            F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut,
+            Fut: Future<Output = Option<T>>,
+            Self: Sized,
+        {
+            todo!()
+        }
+
+        fn next(&mut self) -> Next<'_, Self> {
+            todo!()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub struct Iter<I> {
+        __: I,
+    }
+    impl<I> Stream for Iter<I>
+    where
+        I: Iterator,
+    {
+        type Item = I::Item;
+    }
+
+    pub struct Then<St, Fut, F> {
+        __: (St, Fut, F),
+    }
+    impl<St, Fut, F> Stream for Then<St, Fut, F>
+    where
+        St: Stream,
+        F: FnMut(St::Item) -> Fut,
+        Fut: Future,
+    {
+        type Item = Fut::Output;
+    }
+
+    pub struct Map<St, F> {
+        __: (St, F),
+    }
+    impl<St, F> Stream for Map<St, F>
+    where
+        St: Stream,
+        F: FnMut1<St::Item>,
+    {
+        type Item = F::Output;
+    }
+
+    pub trait FnMut1<A> {
+        type Output;
+    }
+    impl<T, A, R> FnMut1<A> for T
+    where
+        T: FnMut(A) -> R,
+    {
+        type Output = R;
+    }
+
+    pub struct Buffered<St>
+    where
+        St: Stream,
+        St::Item: Future,
+    {
+        __: (St, St::Item),
+    }
+    impl<St> Stream for Buffered<St>
+    where
+        St: Stream,
+        St::Item: Future,
+    {
+        type Item = <St::Item as Future>::Output;
+    }
+
+    pub struct FilterMap<St, Fut, F> {
+        __: (St, Fut, F),
+    }
+    impl<St, Fut, F, T> Stream for FilterMap<St, Fut, F>
+    where
+        St: Stream,
+        F: FnMut1<St::Item, Output = Fut>,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Option<T>>,
+    {
+        type Item = T;
+    }
+
+    pub struct Next<'a, St: ?Sized> {
+        __: &'a mut St,
+    }
+    impl<St: ?Sized + Stream> Future for Next<'_, St> {
+        type Output = Option<St::Item>;
+
+        fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+            todo!()
+        }
+    }
+}