Auto merge of #62661 - arielb1:never-reserve, r=<try>

reserve `impl<T> From<!> for T`

this is necessary for never-type stabilization.

cc #57012 #35121

I think we wanted a crater run for this @nikomatsakis?

r? @nikomatsakis

Author: bors

src/libcore/convert.rs

@@ -40,8 +40,6 @@
 
 #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 
-use crate::fmt;
-
 /// An identity function.
 ///
 /// Two things are important to note about this function:
@@ -426,9 +424,7 @@ pub trait TryInto<T>: Sized {
 /// - `TryFrom<T> for U` implies [`TryInto`]`<U> for T`
 /// - [`try_from`] is reflexive, which means that `TryFrom<T> for T`
 /// is implemented and cannot fail -- the associated `Error` type for
-/// calling `T::try_from()` on a value of type `T` is [`Infallible`].
-/// When the [`!`] type is stabilized [`Infallible`] and [`!`] will be
-/// equivalent.
+/// calling `T::try_from()` on a value of type `T` is [`!`].
 ///
 /// `TryFrom<T>` can be implemented as follows:
 ///
@@ -477,7 +473,6 @@ pub trait TryInto<T>: Sized {
 /// [`TryInto`]: trait.TryInto.html
 /// [`i32::MAX`]: ../../std/i32/constant.MAX.html
 /// [`!`]: ../../std/primitive.never.html
-/// [`Infallible`]: enum.Infallible.html
 #[stable(feature = "try_from", since = "1.34.0")]
 pub trait TryFrom<T>: Sized {
     /// The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
@@ -551,6 +546,17 @@ impl<T> From<T> for T {
     fn from(t: T) -> T { t }
 }
 
+#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
+#[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+#[rustc_reservation_impl="a future version of Rust might implement `From<!>` for \
+    all types. \
+    However, it is OK to implement `From<!>` for types you own - \
+    when the blanket impl will be added, coherence will be changed \
+    to make these impls not be an error."
+]
+impl<T> From<!> for T {
+    fn from(t: !) -> T { t }
+}
 
 // TryFrom implies TryInto
 #[stable(feature = "try_from", since = "1.34.0")]
@@ -604,110 +610,6 @@ impl AsRef<str> for str {
 // THE NO-ERROR ERROR TYPE
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-/// The error type for errors that can never happen.
-///
-/// Since this enum has no variant, a value of this type can never actually exist.
-/// This can be useful for generic APIs that use [`Result`] and parameterize the error type,
-/// to indicate that the result is always [`Ok`].
-///
-/// For example, the [`TryFrom`] trait (conversion that returns a [`Result`])
-/// has a blanket implementation for all types where a reverse [`Into`] implementation exists.
-///
-/// ```ignore (illustrates std code, duplicating the impl in a doctest would be an error)
-/// impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T where U: Into<T> {
-///     type Error = Infallible;
-///
-///     fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<Self, Infallible> {
-///         Ok(U::into(value))  // Never returns `Err`
-///     }
-/// }
-/// ```
-///
-/// # Future compatibility
-///
-/// This enum has the same role as [the `!` “never” type][never],
-/// which is unstable in this version of Rust.
-/// When `!` is stabilized, we plan to make `Infallible` a type alias to it:
-///
-/// ```ignore (illustrates future std change)
-/// pub type Infallible = !;
-/// ```
-///
-/// … and eventually deprecate `Infallible`.
-///
-///
-/// However there is one case where `!` syntax can be used
-/// before `!` is stabilized as a full-fleged type: in the position of a function’s return type.
-/// Specifically, it is possible implementations for two different function pointer types:
-///
-/// ```
-/// trait MyTrait {}
-/// impl MyTrait for fn() -> ! {}
-/// impl MyTrait for fn() -> std::convert::Infallible {}
-/// ```
-///
-/// With `Infallible` being an enum, this code is valid.
-/// However when `Infallible` becomes an alias for the never type,
-/// the two `impl`s will start to overlap
-/// and therefore will be disallowed by the language’s trait coherence rules.
-///
-/// [`Ok`]: ../result/enum.Result.html#variant.Ok
-/// [`Result`]: ../result/enum.Result.html
-/// [`TryFrom`]: trait.TryFrom.html
-/// [`Into`]: trait.Into.html
-/// [never]: ../../std/primitive.never.html
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-#[derive(Copy)]
-pub enum Infallible {}
-
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl Clone for Infallible {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Infallible {
-        match *self {}
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl fmt::Debug for Infallible {
-    fn fmt(&self, _: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        match *self {}
-    }
-}
-
+/// Blah Blah Blah
 #[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl fmt::Display for Infallible {
-    fn fmt(&self, _: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        match *self {}
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl PartialEq for Infallible {
-    fn eq(&self, _: &Infallible) -> bool {
-        match *self {}
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl Eq for Infallible {}
-
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl PartialOrd for Infallible {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<crate::cmp::Ordering> {
-        match *self {}
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl Ord for Infallible {
-    fn cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> crate::cmp::Ordering {
-        match *self {}
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "convert_infallible", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl From<!> for Infallible {
-    fn from(x: !) -> Self {
-        x
-    }
-}
+pub type Infallible = !;

src/libcore/num/mod.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 
-use crate::convert::{TryFrom, Infallible};
+use crate::convert::{TryFrom};
 use crate::fmt;
 use crate::intrinsics;
 use crate::mem;
@@ -4674,13 +4674,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for TryFromIntError {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "try_from", since = "1.34.0")]
-impl From<Infallible> for TryFromIntError {
-    fn from(x: Infallible) -> TryFromIntError {
-        match x {}
-    }
-}
-
 #[unstable(feature = "never_type", issue = "35121")]
 impl From<!> for TryFromIntError {
     fn from(never: !) -> TryFromIntError {

src/librustc/query/mod.rs

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         query associated_item(_: DefId) -> ty::AssocItem {}
 
         query impl_trait_ref(_: DefId) -> Option<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>> {}
-        query impl_polarity(_: DefId) -> hir::ImplPolarity {}
+        query impl_polarity(_: DefId) -> ty::ImplPolarity {}
 
         query issue33140_self_ty(_: DefId) -> Option<ty::Ty<'tcx>> {}
     }

src/librustc/traits/auto_trait.rs

@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ impl AutoTraitFinder<'tcx> {
                     match vtable {
                         Vtable::VtableImpl(VtableImplData { impl_def_id, .. }) => {
                             // Blame tidy for the weird bracket placement
-                            if infcx.tcx.impl_polarity(*impl_def_id) == hir::ImplPolarity::Negative
+                            if infcx.tcx.impl_polarity(*impl_def_id) == ty::ImplPolarity::Negative
                             {
                                 debug!("evaluate_nested_obligations: Found explicit negative impl\
                                         {:?}, bailing out", impl_def_id);

src/librustc/traits/select.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ use crate::hir;
 use rustc_data_structures::bit_set::GrowableBitSet;
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock;
 use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
+use syntax::attr;
+use syntax::symbol::sym;
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::cmp;
 use std::fmt::{self, Display};
@@ -99,6 +101,9 @@ pub enum IntercrateAmbiguityCause {
         trait_desc: String,
         self_desc: Option<String>,
     },
+    ReservationImpl {
+        message: String
+    },
 }
 
 impl IntercrateAmbiguityCause {
@@ -139,6 +144,11 @@ impl IntercrateAmbiguityCause {
                     trait_desc, self_desc
                 )
             }
+            &IntercrateAmbiguityCause::ReservationImpl {
+                ref message
+            } => {
+                message.clone()
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1325,17 +1335,38 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         (result, dep_node)
     }
 
-    // Treat negative impls as unimplemented
-    fn filter_negative_impls(
-        &self,
+    // Treat negative impls as unimplemented, and reservation impls as ambiguity.
+    fn filter_negative_and_reservation_impls(
+        &mut self,
         candidate: SelectionCandidate<'tcx>,
     ) -> SelectionResult<'tcx, SelectionCandidate<'tcx>> {
         if let ImplCandidate(def_id) = candidate {
-            if !self.allow_negative_impls
-                && self.tcx().impl_polarity(def_id) == hir::ImplPolarity::Negative
-            {
-                return Err(Unimplemented);
-            }
+            let tcx = self.tcx();
+            match tcx.impl_polarity(def_id) {
+                ty::ImplPolarity::Negative if !self.allow_negative_impls => {
+                    return Err(Unimplemented);
+                }
+                ty::ImplPolarity::Reservation => {
+                    if let Some(intercrate_ambiguity_clauses)
+                        = &mut self.intercrate_ambiguity_causes
+                    {
+                        let attrs = tcx.get_attrs(def_id);
+                        let attr = attr::find_by_name(&attrs, sym::rustc_reservation_impl);
+                        let value = attr.and_then(|a| a.value_str());
+                        if let Some(value) = value {
+                            debug!("filter_negative_and_reservation_impls: \
+                                    reservation impl ambiguity on {:?}", def_id);
+                            intercrate_ambiguity_clauses.push(
+                                IntercrateAmbiguityCause::ReservationImpl {
+                                    message: value.to_string()
+                                }
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return Ok(None);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            };
         }
         Ok(Some(candidate))
     }
@@ -1452,7 +1483,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         // Instead, we select the right impl now but report `Bar does
         // not implement Clone`.
         if candidates.len() == 1 {
-            return self.filter_negative_impls(candidates.pop().unwrap());
+            return self.filter_negative_and_reservation_impls(candidates.pop().unwrap());
         }
 
         // Winnow, but record the exact outcome of evaluation, which
@@ -1527,7 +1558,7 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         // Just one candidate left.
-        self.filter_negative_impls(candidates.pop().unwrap().candidate)
+        self.filter_negative_and_reservation_impls(candidates.pop().unwrap().candidate)
     }
 
     fn is_knowable<'o>(&mut self, stack: &TraitObligationStack<'o, 'tcx>) -> Option<Conflict> {
@@ -3727,6 +3758,13 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             return Err(());
         }
 
+        if self.intercrate.is_none()
+            && self.tcx().impl_polarity(impl_def_id) == ty::ImplPolarity::Reservation
+        {
+            debug!("match_impl: reservation impls only apply in intercrate mode");
+            return Err(());
+        }
+
         debug!("match_impl: success impl_substs={:?}", impl_substs);
         Ok(Normalized {
             value: impl_substs,

src/librustc/traits/specialize/mod.rs

@@ -310,6 +310,8 @@ pub(super) fn specialization_graph_provider(
             };
 
             if let Some(overlap) = overlap {
+                debug!("found conflicting implementations {:?}", overlap);
+
                 let msg = format!("conflicting implementations of trait `{}`{}:{}",
                     overlap.trait_desc,
                     overlap.self_desc.clone().map_or(