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Git Workflow and Commands

Though there are 1000’s of articles about git, I have written this article is in order to document what I understood and how I understood which may help others as well. Here I tried to avoid complexity and wanted to keep it simple and followed the easiest process.

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Workflow

Commands

Configuration

Git config that lets you get and set configuration variables that control all aspects of how Git looks and operates.

# Display the current Git configuration.
$ git config --list

# Set the user information when submitting code.
git config --global user.name "Saiful Islam"
git config --global user.email "saifaustcse26@gmail.com"

# Check
git config --global user.name
git config --global user.email

Manage Repository

Create a Repository in git hub/git lab then Clone the Repository

Download an existing git repository to your local computer with its entire code history.

$ git clone [url]

Adding files and folder (Workspace --> Staging)

# Add the specified file from the current directory to the staging.
# Start tracking an untracked file
$ git add [file1] [file2] [fileN]

# Add the specified directory from the current directory to the staging, including subdirectories.
# Start tracking an untracked directory
$ git add [dir]

# Add all files (tracked or untracked) from the current directory to the staging.
# Start tracking a untracked file
# Update the changes of tracked file from the current directory to the staging.
$ git add .

Commit changes (Staging --> Repository)

# Submit the code from the staging to the Repository with a message
$ git commit -m [message]

# Submit the specified file from the staging to the Repository.
$ git commit [file1] [file2] [fileN] -m [message]

# Display all diff information when submitting.
$ git commit -v

# update and replace the most recent commit with a new commit
$ git commit --amend

Commit changes (Workspace --> Staging --> Repository)

# Submit the changes of all tracked files after the last commit.
$ git commit -am [message]

# For untracked file
$ git add .
$ git commit -am [message]

Remote synchronization from Repository(Repository --> Remote)

# Push the current branch to the Remote Repository.
$ git push origin [branch]

Repository synchronization from remote (Repository <-- Remote)

# Download specific branch.
$ git fetch origin [branch]

# Download all remote branches.
$ git fetch --all

Workspace synchronization from Repository (Workspace <-- Repository)

# merge the specified branch to the current branch.
$ git merge [branch]

# merge a branch into a target branch
$ git merge [source branch] [target branch]

Workspace synchronization from remote (Workspace <-- Repository <-- Remote)

# Retrieve the changes to the Remote Repository and merge with the local branch (fetch+merge)
$ git pull origin [branch]

Branching

# List all local branches. (the asterisk denotes the current branch)
$ git branch

# List all remote branches.
$ git branch -r

# List all local branches and remote branches.
$ git branch -a

# Create a new branch, but still stay in the current branch.
$ git branch [branch-name]

# Create a new branch and switch to the branch.
$ git checkout -b [branch]

# Switch to the specified branch.
$ git checkout [branch-name]

# Switch to the previous branch.
$ git checkout -

# Delete the branch.
$ git branch -d [branch-name]

# Delete the remote branch.
$ git push origin --delete [branch-name]
$ git branch -dr [remote/branch]

Inspection

# Display the changed files.
$ git status

# Display the version history of the current branch.
$ git log

# Display all commits (Custom Filtering)
$ git log --all

# Display the 5 most recent commits (Custom Filtering)
$ git log -5

# View Commit History in ASCII Graph
$ git log --graph

# Display Just One Line Per Commit
$ git log --oneline

# Display Just One Line Per Commit with message (Custom Formatting)
$ git log --pretty=oneline

# Display all the users who have committed, sorted by number of commits.
$ git shortlog -sn

# Show the latest commits of the current branch.
$ git reflog

For more details:

Discard changes from Workspace

# Discard changes from the specified file of the Workspace.
$ git checkout [file]

# Discard all changes of the Workspace.
$ git checkout .

Revoke/Undo from Staging (Workspace <-- Staging)

# If unwanted file were added to the staging area but not yet committed.
# Restore specified file from the Staging to the Workspace.
# Changes will stay in workspace.
$ git reset [file]

# Restore all files from the Staging to the Workspace.
# Changes will stay in workspace.
$ git reset
$ git reset HEAD .

# Restore all files from the Staging to the Workspace.
# All chnages will be discard.
$ git reset --hard

Revoke/Undo from Repository (Workspace <-- Staging <-- Repository)

# Restore all files from the Repository to the Workspace.
# All changes will stay on Workspace.
# Undo the last commit.
$ git reset HEAD~1
$ git reset --mixed HEAD~1

# Restore all files from the Repository to the Staging.
# All changes will stay on Staging.
# Undo the last commit.
$ git reset --soft HEAD~1

# Restore all files from the Repository to the Workspace.
# All chnages will be discard.
# Undo the last commit.
$ git reset --hard HEAD~1

Revoke/Undo from Remote (Workspace <-- Staging <-- Repository <-- Remote)

# Create a new commit to undo the specified commit.
# All changes of the latter will be offset by the former and applied to the current branch.
# This is safe
$ git revert [commit]
$ git commit -m "message"
$ git push origin [branch]

Removing files or folders (Workspace --> Staging --> Repository --> Remote)

# Manually delete the files or folders from Workspace
# The following command will permanently remove the files or folders
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "message"
$ git push origin [branch]

Stash

# Temporarily saves or stashes changes of working copy and and move them in later.
$ git stash

# Saving Stashes with the message
$ git stash save "<Stashing Message>"

# Check the Stored Stashes
$ git stash list

# Restored the changes of latest stash from stashes
# Remove the latest stash from stashes
$ git stash pop

# Restored the changes of latest stash from stashes
$ git stash apply

# Restored the changes of specific stash from stashes
$ git stash apply <stash id>

# Remove the latest stash from stashes
$ git stash drop

# Remove the specific stash from stashes
$ git stash drop <stash id>

# Remove all stashes
$ git stash clear

Tag

 # List all tags.
 $ git tag

 # Create a new tag in the current commit.
 $ git tag [tag_name]

 # Create a new tag in the specified commit.
 $ git tag [tag] [commit]

 # Delete the local tag.
 $ git tag -d [tag_name]

 # Push the specified tag to remote.
 $ git push origin [tag_name]

 # Push all tags to remote.
 $ git push origin --tag

 # Delete the remote tag.
 $ git push origin :refs/tags/[tag_name]

 # View the tag information.
 $ git show [tag_name]

 # Create a new branch pointing to a certain tag
 $ git checkout -b [branch] [tag]

 Notes:
 # When you want to create a release point for a stable version
 # Tag is nothing but a reference name of a commit
 # Multiple tag name is possible for same commit

cherry-pick

  # Select a commit to be merged into the current branch.
  $ git cherry-pick [commit]

Checkout vs Reset vs Revert

Merging vs. Rebasing

References

I have followed many articles but among them, the following articles are really helpful. Those articles helped me a lot and also encourage me to write this article according to my understanding.