sql-statement-alter-table.md

title	summary	category	aliases
ALTER TABLE	TiDB 数据库中 ALTER TABLE 的使用概况。	reference	/docs-cn/dev/reference/sql/statements/alter-table/

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE 语句用于对已有表进行修改，以符合新表结构。ALTER TABLE 语句可用于：

• ADD，DROP，或 RENAME 索引
• ADD，DROP，MODIFY 或 CHANGE 列

语法图

AlterTableStmt:

TableName:

AlterTableSpec:

示例

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

CREATE TABLE t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, c1 INT NOT NULL);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5);

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3;

+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| id                      | estRows  | task      | access object | operator info                  |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| TableReader_7           | 10.00    | root      |               | data:Selection_6               |
| └─Selection_6           | 10.00    | cop[tikv] |               | eq(test.t1.c1, 3)              |
|   └─TableFullScan_5     | 10000.00 | cop[tikv] | table:t1      | keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+-------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

ALTER TABLE t1 ADD INDEX (c1);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)

{{< copyable "sql" >}}

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3;

+------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| id                     | estRows | task      | access object          | operator info                               |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| IndexReader_6          | 10.00   | root      |                        | index:IndexRangeScan_5                      |
| └─IndexRangeScan_5     | 10.00   | cop[tikv] | table:t1, index:c1(c1) | range:[3,3], keep order:false, stats:pseudo |
+------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

• 支持除空间类型外的所有数据类型。其它不支持的情况可参考：DDL 语句与 MySQL 的兼容性情况。

另请参阅

• ADD COLUMN
• DROP COLUMN
• ADD INDEX
• DROP INDEX
• RENAME INDEX
• ALTER INDEX
• CREATE TABLE
• DROP TABLE
• SHOW CREATE TABLE