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PhotovoltaicModelCore.py
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PhotovoltaicModelCore.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ======================================================================================================
# Photovoltaic Solar Cell Two-Diode Model
# Code written by:
# Pr. Sidi Hamady
# Université de Lorraine, France
# sidi.hamady@univ-lorraine.fr
# See Copyright Notice in COPYRIGHT
# HowTo in README.md and README.pdf
# https://github.com/sidihamady/Photovoltaic-Model
# http://www.hamady.org/photovoltaics/PhotovoltaicModel.zip
# ======================================================================================================
# PhotovoltaicModelCore.py
# the class PhotovoltaicModelCore implements the program core functionality
# only the constructor and the calculate function are to be called from outside the class
# example (to put in a test.py file, for instance):
#
# #!/usr/bin/env python
# #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# from PhotovoltaicModelCore import *
#
# PVM = PhotovoltaicModelCore(verbose = False, useTkinterGUI = True)
#
# PVM.calculate(
# Temperature = 300.0, # Temperature in K
# Isc = 35.0e-3, # Short-cicruit current in A
# Is1 = 1e-9, # Reverse saturation current in A for diode 1
# n1 = 1.5, # Ideality factor for diode 1
# Is2 = 1e-9, # Reverse saturation current in A for diode 2
# n2 = 2.0, # Ideality factor for diode 2
# Diode2 = True, # Enable/Disable diode 2
# Ncells = 1, # Number of solar cells in series
# Rs = 1.0, # Series resistance in Ohms
# Rp = 10000.0, # Parallel resistance in Ohms
# Vstart = 0.0, # Voltage start value in V
# Vend = 1.0, # Voltage end value in V
# InputFilename = None, # current-voltage characteristic filename (e.g. containing experimental data)
# # two columns (voltage in V and current in A):
# # 0.00 -20.035e-3
# # 0.05 -20.035e-3
# # ...
# # 0.55 -1.5e-8
# Fit = False, # Fit the current-voltage characteristic contained in InputFilename
# OutputFilename = './PhotovoltaicModelOutput' # Output file name without extension
# # (used to save figure in PDF format if in GUI mode, and the text output data).
# # set to None to disable.
# )
#
# import as usual
import math
import numpy as np
import scipy as sp
import scipy.optimize as spo
import distutils.version as dver
import sys, os, time
import threading
TkFound = False
TkRet = ''
# try to load the tkinter and matplotlib modules
# should be always installed in any Linux distribution
# (for Windows, just use some ready-to-use packages such as anaconda (https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/))
try:
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
import matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
# Python 2.7.x
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
import Tkinter as Tk
import ttk
import tkFileDialog
import tkFont
import tkMessageBox
else:
# Python 3.x
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import NavigationToolbar2Tk as NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
import tkinter as Tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
import tkinter.filedialog as tkFileDialog
import tkinter.font as tkFont
import tkinter.messagebox as tkMessageBox
# end if
class NavigationToolbar(NavigationToolbar2TkAgg):
""" custom Tk toolbar """
def __init__(self, chart):
NavigationToolbar2TkAgg.__init__(self, chart.canvas, chart.root)
self.chart = chart
# end __init__
try:
toolitems = [tt for tt in NavigationToolbar2TkAgg.toolitems if tt[0] in ('Home', 'Zoom')]
toolitems.append(('AutoScale', 'Auto scale the plot', 'hand', 'onAutoScale'))
toolitems.append(('Save', 'Save the plot', 'filesave', 'onSave'))
except:
pass
# end try
def onAutoScale(self):
self.chart.onAutoScale()
# end onAutoScale
def onSave(self):
self.chart.onSave()
# end onSave
# end NavigationToolbar
TkFound = True
except ImportError as ierr:
# if Tkinter is not found, just install or update python/numpy/scipy/matplotlib/tk modules
TkRet = "\n! cannot load Tkinter:\n " + ("{0}".format(ierr)) + "\n"
pass
except Exception as excT:
TkRet = "\n! cannot load Tkinter:\n %s\n" % str(excT)
pass
# end try
# suppress a nonrelevant warning from matplotlib and scipy
import warnings
warnings.simplefilter(action='ignore', category=FutureWarning)
warnings.simplefilter(action='ignore', category=RuntimeWarning)
# calculations done in a secondary thread, not on UI
class CalculationThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, id, func):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.id = id
self.func = func
# end __init__
def run(self):
self.func()
# end run
# end CalculationThread
# the core class
class PhotovoltaicModelCore(object):
""" the PhotovoltaicModel core class """
def __init__(self, verbose = True, useTkinterGUI = True):
""" the PhotovoltaicModel class constructor """
self.name = "Photovoltaic Solar Cell Two-Diode Model"
self.__version__ = "Version 1.0 Build 2205"
# Basic constants
self.VT300 = 0.02585202874091 # kT/q at T = 300 K
# current-voltage characteristic filename (e.g. containing experimental data)
# two columns (voltage in V and current in A):
# 0.00 -20.035e-3
# 0.05 -20.035e-3
# ...
# 0.55 -1.5e-8
self.InputFilename = None
self.ModifTime = 0
# the used data delimiter (usually TAB) in the I-V ASCII file
self.DataDelimiter = '\t'
# number of rows to skip from the file (by default the first two rows are skipped)
self.SkipRows = 2
self.Temperature = 300.0 # in K
self.VT = self.VT300 * self.Temperature / 300.0
self.Isc = 35.0e-3 # Short-cicruit current in A
self.Is1 = 1e-9 # Reverse saturation current in A for diode 1
self.n1 = 1.5 # Ideality factor for diode 1
self.Is2 = 1e-9 # Reverse saturation current in A for diode 2
self.n2 = 2.0 # Ideality factor for diode 2
self.Diode2 = True # Enable/Disable diode 2
self.Ncells = 1 # Number of solar cells in series
self.Rs = 10.0 # Series resistance in Ohms
self.Rp = 10000.0 # Parallel resistance in Ohms
self.Vstart = 0.0 # Voltage start value in V
self.Vend = 1.0 # Voltage end value in V
self.OutputFilename = './PhotovoltaicModelOutput'
# current-voltage characteristic loaded from a text file (e.g. experimental data)
self.VoltageX = None
self.CurrentX = None
self.PVpoints = None
self.VOCX = None
self.ISCX = None
self.VmX = None
self.ImX = None
self.FFX = None
self.PVguess = True
#
self.VOCX = self.Vend
# calculated parameters
self.VoltageY = None
self.CurrentY = None
self.VOCY = None
self.ISCY = None
self.VmY = None
self.ImY = None
self.FFY = None
#
self.running = False
self.threadfinish = None
self.thread = None
self.actionbutton = None
self.timerduration = 100 # in milliseconds
self.report = None
self.root = None
self.GUIstarted = False
self.PlotInitialized = False
self.FileLoaded = False
self.tic = 0.0
self.nPointsMin = 20
self.nPoints = 100
self.nPointsDef = 100
self.nPointsMax = 1000
# one can set verbose to False to disable printing output
self.verbose = verbose
if not self.verbose:
print("\nverbose set to False: printing output disabled")
# end if
self.reportMessage = None
# useTkinterGUI: the program can be used in graphical (GUI) mode or command-line only mode.
# in command-line mode (useTkinterGUI = False) the results are printed out and saved in text files.
# the command-line mode is useful to perform specific calculations or to inegrate in other simulations.
if useTkinterGUI and (not TkFound):
# if Tkinter is not found, just install or update python/numpy/scipy/matplotlib/tk modules
print(TkRet)
# end if
self.useTkinterGUI = useTkinterGUI if TkFound else False
return
# end __init__
def calculate(self,
Temperature = 300.0,
Isc = 35.0e-3,
Is1 = 1e-9,
n1 = 1.5,
Is2 = 1e-9,
n2 = 2.0,
Diode2 = True,
Ncells = 1,
Rs = 10.0,
Rp = 10000.0,
Vstart = 0.0,
Vend = 1.0,
InputFilename = None,
Fit = False,
OutputFilename = './PhotovoltaicModelOutput'):
""" the PhotovoltaicModel main function """
# Temperature: in Kelvin (from 100 K to 500 K)
self.Temperature = Temperature if ((Temperature >= 100.0) and (Temperature <= 500.0)) else 300.0
self.VT = self.VT300 * self.Temperature / 300.0 # in V
# Short-cicruit current in A
self.Isc = Isc if ((Isc >= 0.0) and (Isc <= 100.0)) else 20.0e-3
# Reverse saturation current in A for diode 1
self.Is1 = Is1 if ((Is1 > 0.0) and (Is1 <= 1e-3)) else 1e-9
self.n1 = n1 if ((n1 >= 1.0) and (n1 <= 100.0)) else 1.0
# Reverse saturation current in A for diode 2
self.Is2 = Is1 if ((Is1 >= 0.0) and (Is1 <= 1e-3)) else 1e-9
# Ideality factor for diode 2
self.n2 = n2 if ((n2 >= 1.0) and (n2 <= 200.0)) else 2.0
# Enable/Disable diode 2
self.Diode2 = Diode2
# Number of solar cells in series
self.Ncells = Ncells if ((Ncells >= 1) and (Ncells <= 1000)) else 1
# Series resistance in Ohms
self.Rs = Rs if ((Rs >= 1e-6) and (Rs <= 1e6)) else 10.0
# Parallel resistance in Ohms
self.Rp = Rp if ((Rp >= 1e-3) and (Rp <= 1e9)) else 10000.0
# Voltage start value in V
self.Vstart = Vstart if ((Vstart >= 0.0) and (Vstart <= 500.0)) else 0.0
# Voltage end value in V
self.Vend = Vend if ((Vend >= 0.0) and (Vend <= 500.0)) else 0.0
# Output file name without extension (used to save figure in PDF format if in GUI mode, and the text output data).
# set to None to disable.
self.OutputFilename = OutputFilename
if self.OutputFilename and (not self.OutputFilename.endswith('.pdf')):
self.OutputFilename = self.OutputFilename + '.pdf'
# end if
# current-voltage characteristic filename (e.g. containing experimental data)
# two columns (voltage in V and current in A):
# 0.00 -20.035e-3
# 0.05 -20.035e-3
# ...
# 0.55 -1.5e-8
self.InputFilename = InputFilename
self.ModifTime = self.getModifTime(self.InputFilename)
Fit = False # Fit the current-voltage characteristic contained in InputFilename
if self.useTkinterGUI:
# GUI mode: calculation done in a working thread
self.startGUI(Fit = Fit)
else:
# command-line mode
self.start(Fit = Fit)
# end if
return
# end calculate
def getModifTime(self, InputFilename):
mt = 0
try:
mt = os.stat(InputFilename).st_mtime
except:
pass
# end try
return mt
# end getModifTime
def isRunning(self):
if (self.thread is None):
return self.running
# end if
threadalive = self.thread.isAlive() if (sys.version_info[0] < 3) else self.thread.is_alive()
if (not threadalive):
self.thread = None
self.running = False
# end if
return self.running
# end isRunning
def setRunning(self, running = True):
self.running = running
if self.actionbutton is not None:
self.actionbutton["text"] = self.actionbuttonText
if self.running:
self.actionbutton.configure(style='Red.TButton')
else:
self.actionbutton.configure(style='Black.TButton')
self.actionbutton = None
# end if
# end if
# end setRunning
# init the Tkinter GUI
def startGUI(self, Fit = False):
if self.GUIstarted or (not self.useTkinterGUI):
return
# end if
try:
self.plotcount = 1
self.curvecount = 2
self.xLabel = {}
self.yLabel = {}
self.xLabel[0] = '$Voltage\ (V)$'
self.yLabel[0] = '$Current\ (A)$'
self.root = Tk.Tk()
self.root.bind_class("Entry","<Control-a>", self.onEntrySelectAll)
self.root.bind_class("Entry","<Control-z>", self.onEntryUndo)
self.root.bind_class("Entry","<Control-y>", self.onEntryRedo)
self.root.withdraw()
self.root.wm_title(self.name)
self.root.option_add('*Dialog.msg.font', 'Helvetica 11')
self.figure = matplotlib.figure.Figure(figsize=(10,8), dpi=100, facecolor='#FFFFFF', edgecolor = '#FFFFFF', linewidth = 1.0, frameon=True)
self.figure.subplots_adjust(top = 0.90, bottom = 0.12, left = 0.12, right = 0.96, wspace = 0.25, hspace = 0.25)
self.plot = {}
self.plot[0] = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.plot[0].set_xlim( 0.0, 0.7)
self.plot[0].set_ylim(-0.035, 0.005)
self.line0a = None
self.line0b = None
self.datax = {}
self.datay = {}
self.datax[0] = None
self.datay[0] = None
self.datax[1] = None
self.datay[1] = None
controlWidth = 10
spx = 6
spy = 6
spxm = 1
parFrameA = Tk.Frame(self.root)
parFrameA.pack(fill=Tk.X, side=Tk.TOP, padx=spx, pady=spx)
parFrameAt = Tk.Frame(self.root)
parFrameAt.pack(fill=Tk.X, side=Tk.TOP, padx=spx, pady=spx)
parFrameB = Tk.Frame(self.root)
parFrameB.pack(fill=Tk.X, side=Tk.TOP, padx=spx, pady=spx)
FloatValidate = (parFrameA.register(self.onFloatValidate), '%P')
self.TemperatureLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameA, text="T (K): ")
self.TemperatureLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.TemperatureEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameA, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.TemperatureEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.TemperatureEdit.insert(0, ("%.1f" % self.Temperature) if (self.Temperature is not None) else "")
self.TemperatureEdit.prev = None
self.TemperatureEdit.next = None
self.IscLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameA, text="Isc (A): ")
self.IscLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spxm), pady=spy)
self.IscEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameA, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.IscEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.IscEdit.insert(0, ("%.4g" % self.Isc) if (self.Isc is not None) else "")
self.IscEdit.prev = None
self.IscEdit.next = None
self.Is1Label = Tk.Label(parFrameA, text="Is1 (A): ")
self.Is1Label.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.Is1Edit = Tk.Entry(parFrameA, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.Is1Edit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.Is1Edit.insert(0, ("%.4g" % self.Is1) if (self.Is1 is not None) else "")
self.Is1Edit.prev = None
self.Is1Edit.next = None
self.n1Label = Tk.Label(parFrameA, text="n1: ")
self.n1Label.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.n1Edit = Tk.Entry(parFrameA, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.n1Edit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.n1Edit.insert(0, ("%.4f" % self.n1) if (self.n1 is not None) else "")
self.n1Edit.prev = None
self.n1Edit.next = None
self.Is2Label = Tk.Label(parFrameA, text="Is2 (A): ")
self.Is2Label.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.Is2Edit = Tk.Entry(parFrameA, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.Is2Edit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.Is2Edit.insert(0, ("%.4g" % self.Is2) if (self.Is2 is not None) else "")
self.Is2Edit.prev = None
self.Is2Edit.next = None
self.Diode2Var = Tk.BooleanVar()
self.Diode2Opt = Tk.Checkbutton(parFrameA, text="", variable=self.Diode2Var, command=self.onDiode2Opt)
self.Diode2Opt.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.Diode2Opt.select()
self.n2Label = Tk.Label(parFrameA, text="n2: ")
self.n2Label.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.n2Edit = Tk.Entry(parFrameA, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.n2Edit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.n2Edit.insert(0, ("%.4f" % self.n2) if (self.n2 is not None) else "")
self.n2Edit.prev = None
self.n2Edit.next = None
self.NcellsLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameA, text="# Cells in series: ")
self.NcellsLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.NcellsEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameA, width=controlWidth//2, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.NcellsEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.NcellsEdit.insert(0, ("%d" % self.Ncells) if (self.Ncells is not None) else "")
self.NcellsEdit.prev = None
self.NcellsEdit.next = None
self.RsLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameAt, text="Rs (Ohms): ")
self.RsLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.RsEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameAt, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.RsEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.RsEdit.insert(0, ("%.4g" % self.Rs) if (self.Rs is not None) else "")
self.RsEdit.prev = None
self.RsEdit.next = None
self.RpLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameAt, text="Rp (Ohms): ")
self.RpLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.RpEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameAt, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.RpEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.RpEdit.insert(0, ("%.4g" % self.Rp) if (self.Rp is not None) else "")
self.RpEdit.prev = None
self.RpEdit.next = None
self.VstartLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameAt, text="Vstart (V): ")
self.VstartLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.VstartEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameAt, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.VstartEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.VstartEdit.insert(0, ("%g" % self.Vstart) if (self.Vstart is not None) else "")
self.VstartEdit.prev = None
self.VstartEdit.next = None
self.VendLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameAt, text="Vend (V): ")
self.VendLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spx, spxm), pady=spy)
self.VendEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameAt, width=controlWidth, validate="key", vcmd=FloatValidate)
self.VendEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.VendEdit.insert(0, ("%g" % self.Vend) if (self.Vend is not None) else "")
self.VendEdit.prev = None
self.VendEdit.next = None
self.GeneratorConventionVar = Tk.BooleanVar()
self.GeneratorConventionOpt = Tk.Checkbutton(parFrameAt, text="Plot in Generator Convention", variable=self.GeneratorConventionVar, command=self.onGeneratorConvention)
self.GeneratorConventionOpt.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(spxm, spx), pady=spy)
self.InputFilenameLabel = Tk.Label(parFrameB, width=16, text="Input Filename: ")
self.InputFilenameLabel.pack(side=Tk.LEFT)
inputFilenameValidate = (parFrameB.register(self.onInputFilenameValidate), '%P')
self.InputFilenameEdit = Tk.Entry(parFrameB, validate="key", vcmd=inputFilenameValidate)
self.InputFilenameEdit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, fill=Tk.X, expand=1)
self.InputFilenameEdit.insert(0, self.InputFilename if (self.InputFilename is not None) else "")
self.InputFilenameEdit.prev = None
self.InputFilenameEdit.next = None
self.inputFilenameBrowse = ttk.Button(parFrameB, width=4, text="...", command=self.onBrowse)
self.inputFilenameBrowse.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=(2, 2))
self.btnstyle_red = ttk.Style()
self.btnstyle_red.configure("Red.TButton", foreground="#DE0015")
self.btnstyle_black = ttk.Style()
self.btnstyle_black.configure("Black.TButton", foreground="black")
self.btnFit = ttk.Button(parFrameB, width=controlWidth+2, text="Fit", compound=Tk.LEFT, command=self.onFit)
self.btnFit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=spx, pady=spy)
self.btnFit.configure(style="Black.TButton")
self.btnFit.configure(state="disabled")
self.btnCalculate = ttk.Button(parFrameB, width=controlWidth+2, text="Calculate", compound=Tk.LEFT, command=self.onStart)
self.btnCalculate.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, padx=spx, pady=spy)
self.btnCalculate.configure(style="Black.TButton")
self.root.bind('<Return>', self.onEnter)
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure, master=self.root)
self.canvas._tkcanvas.config(highlightthickness=0)
try:
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self)
except:
self.toolbar = None
pass
# end try
self.toolbar.pack(side=Tk.BOTTOM, fill=Tk.X)
self.toolbar.update()
self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=Tk.LEFT, fill=Tk.BOTH, expand=1)
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
self.canvas.show()
else:
self.canvas.draw()
#
self.root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.onClose)
self.linecolor = ['r', 'b']
self.linestyle = ['-', 'o']
self.linesize = [2.0, 1.0]
self.markersize = [2.0, 4.0]
self.line = {}
self.scatter = {}
for idc in range(0, self.curvecount):
self.line[idc] = None
self.scatter[idc] = None
# end for
# center the window
iw = self.root.winfo_screenwidth()
ih = self.root.winfo_screenheight()
isize = (1152, 720)
ix = (iw - isize[0]) / 2
iy = (ih - isize[1]) / 2
self.root.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (isize + (ix, iy)))
self.root.minsize(800, 600)
self.fontsize = 12
for idp in range(0, self.plotcount):
try:
self.plot[idp].tick_params(axis='x', labelsize=self.fontsize)
self.plot[idp].tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=self.fontsize)
except:
[tx.label.set_fontsize(self.fontsize) for tx in self.plot[idp].xaxis.get_major_ticks()]
[ty.label.set_fontsize(self.fontsize) for ty in self.plot[idp].yaxis.get_major_ticks()]
pass
# end try
self.plot[idp].set_xlabel(self.xLabel[idp], fontsize=self.fontsize)
self.plot[idp].set_ylabel(self.yLabel[idp], fontsize=self.fontsize)
# end for
if (os.name == "nt"):
self.root.iconbitmap(r'iconmain.ico')
else:
iconmain = Tk.PhotoImage(file='iconmain.gif')
self.root.tk.call('wm', 'iconphoto', self.root._w, iconmain)
# end if
self.popmenu = Tk.Menu(self.root, tearoff=0)
self.popmenu.add_command(label="Fit", command=self.onFit)
self.popmenu.add_command(label="Calculate", command=self.onStart)
self.popmenu.add_separator()
self.popmenu.add_command(label="Auto scale", command=self.onAutoScale)
self.popmenu.add_separator()
self.popmenu.add_command(label="Close", command=self.onClose)
self.popmenu.add_separator()
self.popmenu.add_command(label="About...", command=self.onAbout)
self.root.bind("<Button-3>", self.onPopmenu)
self.root.deiconify()
self.GUIstarted = True
self.start(Fit = Fit)
self.root.mainloop()
except Exception as excT:
excType, excObj, excTb = sys.exc_info()
excFile = os.path.split(excTb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename)[1]
strErr = "\n! cannot initialize GUI:\n %s\n in %s (line %d)\n" % (str(excT), excFile, excTb.tb_lineno)
print(strErr)
os._exit(1)
# never reached
pass
# end try
# end startGUI
def isIncSorted(self, arr):
for ii in range(arr.size - 1):
if arr[ii + 1] <= arr[ii]:
return False
# end if
# end for
return True
# end isIncSorted
# load the I-V characteristic file
def loadFile(self):
if not self.GUIstarted:
self.FileLoaded = False
else:
try:
strT = self.InputFilenameEdit.get().strip("\r\n\t")
if os.path.isfile(strT):
if (self.InputFilename != strT):
self.InputFilename = strT
self.FileLoaded = False
else:
modifTime = self.getModifTime(strT)
if (modifTime > self.ModifTime):
self.FileLoaded = False
# end if
# end if
else:
self.InputFilenameEdit.delete(0, Tk.END)
self.InputFilenameEdit.insert(0, self.InputFilename if (self.InputFilename is not None) else "")
# end if
except Exception as excT:
pass
# end try
# endif
if (self.InputFilename is None) or (not os.path.isfile(self.InputFilename)):
return False
# end if
if self.FileLoaded:
return True
# end if
try:
self.PVpoints = 0
self.ModifTime = self.getModifTime(self.InputFilename)
# load the current-voltage characteristic from file (e.g. containing experimental data)
IVXData = np.loadtxt(self.InputFilename, delimiter=self.DataDelimiter, skiprows=self.SkipRows, usecols=(0,1))
self.VoltageX = IVXData[:,0] # Volts
self.CurrentX = IVXData[:,1] # Amps
# check the data consistency
if ((len (self.VoltageX) < 5) or
(len (self.CurrentX) < 5) or
(len (self.VoltageX) != len(self.CurrentX)) or
(not (self.VoltageX >= -500.0).all()) or
(not (self.VoltageX <= 500.0).all()) or
(not (self.CurrentX >= -500.0).all()) or
(not (self.CurrentX <= 500.0).all()) or
(not self.isIncSorted(self.VoltageX))):
raise Exception('invalid voltage/current data')
# end if
nPoints = len(self.VoltageX)
(aVoltage, aCurrent, VOC, ISC, Vm, Im, FF, countPV, nQindex) = self.checkQuadrant(self.VoltageX, self.CurrentX)
self.VoltageX = aVoltage
self.CurrentX = aCurrent
self.VOCX = VOC
self.ISCX = ISC
self.VmX = Vm
self.ImX = Im
self.FFX = FF
if (countPV < (nPoints // 5)) or (countPV < self.nPointsMin):
raise Exception('invalid voltage/current: insufficient number of photovoltaic points (%d): should be greater than %d' % (countPV, self.nPointsMin))
# end if
nPoints = len(self.VoltageX)
if self.verbose and (nQindex != 4):
print('\ncurrent-voltage characteristic converted from quadrant %d to quadrant 4' % nQindex)
# end if
self.PVpoints = countPV
self.ISCX = math.fabs(self.ISCX)
if (self.ISCX > 0.0) and (self.VOCX > 0.0):
self.FFX = math.fabs((self.VmX * self.ImX) / (self.VOCX * self.ISCX))
if (self.FFX > 1.0):
# should never happen
self.FFX = 0.0
# end if
self.Isc = self.ISCX
if self.GUIstarted:
self.IscEdit.delete(0, Tk.END)
self.IscEdit.insert(0, "%.4g" % self.Isc)
# end if
# end if
self.nPoints = nPoints if (nPoints >= self.nPointsMin) else self.nPointsDef
Vstep = (self.VoltageX[nPoints - 1] - self.VoltageX[0]) / float(self.nPoints)
Vstart = self.VoltageX[0]
if (Vstart > 0.0):
Vstart = 0.0
# end if
Vend = self.VoltageX[nPoints - 1]
if (self.CurrentX[nPoints - 1] < 0.0):
VendC = Vend
for aV in np.arange(VendC, VendC + 100.0 * Vstep, Vstep):
(aI, aIZ) = self.calculateCurrent(aV)
if aI >= 0.0:
Vend = VendC
break
# end if
# end for
# end if
self.Vstart = Vstart
self.Vend = Vend
self.VoltageY = np.arange(Vstart, Vend + Vstep, Vstep)
self.CurrentY = None
if (self.ISCX > 0.0) and (self.VOCX > 0.0) and (self.FFX > 0.0):
self.reportMessage = "Isc = %.4g A ; Voc = %.4g V ; FF = %.4g %% ; Pm = %.4g W" % (self.ISCX, self.VOCX, 100.0 * self.FFX, self.FFX * self.ISCX * self.VOCX)
else:
self.reportMessage = "! The photovoltaic parameters cannot be extracted"
# end if
if self.verbose:
print("\n" + self.reportMessage)
# end if
if self.useTkinterGUI:
self.datax[1] = self.VoltageX
self.datay[1] = self.CurrentX
# end if
self.FileLoaded = True
return True
except Exception as excT:
self.VoltageX = None
self.CurrentX = None
excType, excObj, excTb = sys.exc_info()
excFile = os.path.split(excTb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename)[1]
strErr = "\n! cannot load the current-voltage characteristic:\n %s\n in %s (line %d)\n" % (str(excT), excFile, excTb.tb_lineno)
self.reportMessage = '! cannot load the current-voltage characteristic'
if self.verbose:
print(strErr)
# end if
return False
# never reached
pass
# end try
# end loadFile
def FitFunc(self, aVoltage, Isc, Is1, n1, Is2, n2, Rs, Rp):
self.Isc = Isc
self.Is1 = Is1
self.n1 = n1
if self.Diode2:
self.Is2 = Is2
self.n2 = n2
# end if
self.Rs = Rs
self.Rp = Rp
aCurrent = np.array([])
for aV in aVoltage:
(aI, aIZ) = self.calculateCurrent(aV)
aCurrent = np.append(aCurrent, aI)
# end for
return aCurrent
# end FitFunc
def FitFuncD(self, aVoltage, Isc, Is1, n1, Rs, Rp):
return self.FitFunc(aVoltage, Isc, Is1, n1, 0.0, self.n2, Rs, Rp)
# end FitFuncD
def CurrentFunc(self, I, V):
Vp = V - (self.Rs * I)
Isc = -self.Isc
Iph = Isc
Iph += (self.Is1 * (math.exp(self.Rs * Isc / (self.n1 * self.Ncells * self.VT)) - 1.0))
if self.Diode2:
Iph += (self.Is2 * (math.exp(self.Rs * Isc / (self.n2 * self.Ncells * self.VT)) - 1.0))
# end if
Iph += ((self.Rs / self.Rp) * Isc)
fI = Iph
fI += (self.Is1 * (math.exp(Vp / (self.n1 * self.Ncells * self.VT)) - 1.0))
if self.Diode2:
fI += (self.Is2 * (math.exp(Vp / (self.n2 * self.Ncells * self.VT)) - 1.0))
# end if
fI += (Vp / self.Rp)
fI -= I
return fI
# end CurrentFunc
def calculateCurrent(self, V):
fIZ = -self.Isc
fIZ += (self.Is1 * (math.exp(V / (self.n1 * self.Ncells * self.VT)) - 1.0))
if self.Diode2:
fIZ += (self.Is2 * (math.exp(V / (self.n2 * self.Ncells * self.VT)) - 1.0))
# end if
fIZ += (V / self.Rp)
fI = spo.fsolve(self.CurrentFunc, x0=fIZ, args=(V,))
return (fI, fIZ)
# end calculateCurrent
# calculate the current-voltage characteristic
def calculateCharacteristic(self):
try:
# check the voltage range
if (self.VoltageY is None) or (self.Vend <= self.Vstart) or ((self.Vstart <= 0.0) and (self.Vend <= 0.0)):
self.Vstart = 0.0
self.Vend = 1.0
# end if
if (self.nPoints < self.nPointsMin):
self.nPoints = self.nPointsMin
elif (self.nPoints > self.nPointsMax):
self.nPoints = self.nPointsMax
# end if
if (self.Vstart > 0.0):
self.Vstart = 0.0
# end if
(aI, aIZ) = self.calculateCurrent(self.Vend)
if (aI < 0.0):
Vend = self.Vend if (self.Vend > self.VOCX) else self.VOCX
Vstep = (Vend - self.Vstart) / float(self.nPoints)
for aV in np.arange(Vend, Vend + 100.0 * Vstep, Vstep):
(aI, aIZ) = self.calculateCurrent(aV)
if aI > 0.0:
self.Vend = aV + Vstep
break
# end if
# end for
# end if
#
Vstep = (self.Vend - self.Vstart) / float(self.nPoints)
self.VoltageY = np.arange(self.Vstart, self.Vend + Vstep, Vstep)
self.CurrentY = np.zeros(self.nPoints)
for ii in range(0, self.nPoints):
(aI, aIZ) = self.calculateCurrent(self.VoltageY[ii])
self.CurrentY[ii] = aI
#
(aVoltage, aCurrent, VOC, ISC, Vm, Im, FF, countPV, nQindex) = self.checkQuadrant(self.VoltageY, self.CurrentY)
self.VoltageY = aVoltage
self.CurrentY = aCurrent
self.VOCY = VOC
self.ISCY = ISC
self.VmY = Vm
self.ImY = Im
self.FFY = FF
# end for
if (countPV < self.nPointsMin) and (math.fabs(self.VOCY) > 0.0) and (math.fabs(self.ISCY) > 0.0):
# recalculate with more points
Vstep = math.fabs(self.VOCY) / float(self.nPoints)
self.VoltageY = np.arange(0.0, self.VOCY + Vstep, Vstep)
self.CurrentY = np.array([])
for aV in self.VoltageY:
(aI, aIZ) = self.calculateCurrent(aV)
self.CurrentY = np.append(self.CurrentY, aI)
if (aI < 0.0) and (aV > 0.0) and (math.fabs(aI * aV) > aPm):
aPm = math.fabs(aI * aV)
self.VmY = aV
self.ImY = aI
# end if
# end for
# end if
self.ISCY = math.fabs(self.ISCY)
if (self.ISCY > 0.0) and (self.VOCY > 0.0):
self.FFY = math.fabs((self.VmY * self.ImY) / (self.VOCY * self.ISCY))
if (self.FFY > 1.0):
# should never happen
self.FFY = 0.0
# end if
# end if
if (self.ISCY > 0.0) and (self.VOCY > 0.0) and (self.FFY > 0.0):
self.reportMessage = "Isc = %.4g A ; Voc = %.4g V ; FF = %.4g %% ; Pm = %.4g W" % (self.ISCY, self.VOCY, 100.0 * self.FFY, self.FFY * self.ISCY * self.VOCY)
else:
self.reportMessage = "! The photovoltaic parameters cannot be calculated"
# end if
if self.verbose:
print("\n" + self.reportMessage)
# end if
return True
except Exception as excT:
excType, excObj, excTb = sys.exc_info()
excFile = os.path.split(excTb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename)[1]
strErr = "\n! cannot calculate the current-voltage characteristic:\n %s\n in %s (line %d)\n" % (str(excT), excFile, excTb.tb_lineno)
self.reportMessage = '! cannot calculate the current-voltage characteristic'
if self.verbose:
print(strErr)
# end if
return False
# never reached
pass
# end try
# end calculateCharacteristic
def monitorCalculation(self):
running = self.isRunning()
try:
if not running:
self.setRunning(running = False)
if self.threadfinish is not None:
self.threadfinish()
self.threadfinish = None
# end if
return
# end if
if self.root:
self.root.after(self.timerduration if ((self.timerduration >= 100) and (self.timerduration <= 1000)) else 200, self.monitorCalculation)
# end if
except Exception as excT:
pass
# end try
# end monitorCalculation
def getFloatValue(self, ValueEdit, ValueDef, ValueMin, ValueMax, ValueFormat):
try:
strT = ValueEdit.get().strip("\r\n\t")
fT = float(strT)
if (fT >= ValueMin) and (fT <= ValueMax):
return fT
else:
ValueEdit.delete(0, Tk.END)
ValueEdit.insert(0, ValueFormat % ValueDef)
return ValueDef
# end if
except:
return ValueDef
# never reached
pass
# end try
# end getFloatValue
# start the current-voltage characteristic calculation
def start(self, Fit = False):
if self.isRunning():
return False
# end if
self.reportMessage = None
self.loadFile()