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语法学习笔记

英语的5种基本句式

系动词就是起联系作用的动词

表语 通常是描述主语的性质,特点,位置的词

宾语 是动作执行的对象，间宾通常是人，直宾通常指物，宾补是补充说明宾语的词或句子

谓语 主语执行的动作叫谓语，也叫指谓语动词

• S V = 主+谓
• S V P = 主+系+表
• S V O = 主+谓+宾
• S V o O = 主+谓+间宾+直宾
• S V O C = 主+谓+宾+宾补

主语（Subject）+谓语（Verb）

The universe remains 宇宙长存

S（主语）+ V（系动词）+ P（表语）

The food is delicious 这个食物很好吃

Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）+Object（宾语）

He took his bag and left 他拿着书包离开了

S（主语）+V（谓语）+l.o（间接宾语）+D.o（直接宾语）

Her father bought her a dictionary 她爸爸给她买了一本词典

S（主语）+V（谓语）+ O（宾语）+C（补语）

We made him our monitor

Be动词

be动词的形式

be, is ,am ,are, was, were, being, been

• be-原型
• Is,am,are -- be动词的现在时时态
• was,were -- 过去时时态
• being -- 现在分词
• been -- 过去分词

be动词的用法

后面接名词，形容词，地点副词或短语作补足语。

• The man is a teacher

关键：be动词就是起联系的作用

be动词的否定

在am,is,are,was,were后面加not，缩略式am not, isn't, aren't, wasn't, weren't

• The man isn't back
• I am not back
• They aren't back
• He wasn't back
• They weren't back

使用be动词提问和回答

• Is he a teacher?
  • Yes,he is/No,he isn't
• Are you a teacher?
  • Yes,I am/No,I am not
• Were they teachers?
  • Yes,they were/No,they weren't

代词

代词就是代替人或者事物的名词。

主格和宾格

主格代词：I,he,she,it,you,we,they

• I am a teacher
• He is a teacher

宾格代词：me,him,her,it,you,us,them

• He likes me
• We like her
• I like him

物主代词

物主就是物的主人，代词就是代替名词，代替事物，代替人的名词叫做代词。

形容词性物主代词

单数形式：my,your,his/her/its,one's

one's=某人的

复数形式：our,your,their

their=他们的

• This is my book
• We love our montherland

名词性物主代词

物的主人要像名词一样去使用

单数形式：mine,yours,his/hers/its,ones

复数形式：ours,yours,theirs

• The book is ours
• The apple is heres

总结

主格代词	宾格代词	形容词性物主代词	名词性物主代词
I	me	my	mine
He	him	his	his
She	her	her	hers
It	it	its	its
You	you	your	yours
We	us	our	ours
They	them	their	theirs

反身代词

myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself

yourselves,ourselves,themselves

实意动词

具有实在意义的动词

come,read,go,watch,play,fly

助动词

do,does,did

否定形式：don't,doesn't,didn't

疑问词

when,where,who,what,how

• when:什么时候
• here:什么地点
• who:什么人