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layout.h
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/*
* layout.h - Ntfs on-disk layout structures. Originated from the Linux-NTFS project.
*
* Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Anton Altaparmakov
* Copyright (c) 2005 Yura Pakhuchiy
* Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Szabolcs Szakacsits
*
* This program/include file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
* by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program/include file is distributed in the hope that it will be
* useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
* of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program (in the main directory of the NTFS-3G
* distribution in the file COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation,Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#ifndef _NTFS_LAYOUT_H
#define _NTFS_LAYOUT_H
#include "types.h"
#include "endians.h"
#include "support.h"
/* The NTFS oem_id */
#define magicNTFS const_cpu_to_le64(0x202020205346544e) /* "NTFS " */
#define NTFS_SB_MAGIC 0x5346544e /* 'NTFS' */
/*
* Location of bootsector on partition:
* The standard NTFS_BOOT_SECTOR is on sector 0 of the partition.
* On NT4 and above there is one backup copy of the boot sector to
* be found on the last sector of the partition (not normally accessible
* from within Windows as the bootsector contained number of sectors
* value is one less than the actual value!).
* On versions of NT 3.51 and earlier, the backup copy was located at
* number of sectors/2 (integer divide), i.e. in the middle of the volume.
*/
/**
* struct BIOS_PARAMETER_BLOCK - BIOS parameter block (bpb) structure.
*/
typedef struct {
u16 bytes_per_sector; /* Size of a sector in bytes. */
u8 sectors_per_cluster; /* Size of a cluster in sectors. */
u16 reserved_sectors; /* zero */
u8 fats; /* zero */
u16 root_entries; /* zero */
u16 sectors; /* zero */
u8 media_type; /* 0xf8 = hard disk */
u16 sectors_per_fat; /* zero */
/*0x0d*/u16 sectors_per_track; /* Required to boot Windows. */
/*0x0f*/u16 heads; /* Required to boot Windows. */
/*0x11*/u32 hidden_sectors; /* Offset to the start of the partition
relative to the disk in sectors.
Required to boot Windows. */
/*0x15*/u32 large_sectors; /* zero */
/* sizeof() = 25 (0x19) bytes */
} __attribute__((__packed__)) BIOS_PARAMETER_BLOCK;
/**
* struct NTFS_BOOT_SECTOR - NTFS boot sector structure.
*/
typedef struct {
u8 jump[3]; /* Irrelevant (jump to boot up code).*/
u64 oem_id; /* Magic "NTFS ". */
/*0x0b*/BIOS_PARAMETER_BLOCK bpb; /* See BIOS_PARAMETER_BLOCK. */
u8 physical_drive; /* 0x00 floppy, 0x80 hard disk */
u8 current_head; /* zero */
u8 extended_boot_signature; /* 0x80 */
u8 reserved2; /* zero */
/*0x28*/s64 number_of_sectors; /* Number of sectors in volume. Gives
maximum volume size of 2^63 sectors.
Assuming standard sector size of 512
bytes, the maximum byte size is
approx. 4.7x10^21 bytes. (-; */
s64 mft_lcn; /* Cluster location of mft data. */
s64 mftmirr_lcn; /* Cluster location of copy of mft. */
s8 clusters_per_mft_record; /* Mft record size in clusters. */
u8 reserved0[3]; /* zero */
s8 clusters_per_index_record; /* Index block size in clusters. */
u8 reserved1[3]; /* zero */
u64 volume_serial_number; /* Irrelevant (serial number). */
u32 checksum; /* Boot sector checksum. */
/*0x54*/u8 bootstrap[426]; /* Irrelevant (boot up code). */
u16 end_of_sector_marker; /* End of bootsector magic. Always is
0xaa55 in little endian. */
/* sizeof() = 512 (0x200) bytes */
} __attribute__((__packed__)) NTFS_BOOT_SECTOR;
/**
* enum NTFS_RECORD_TYPES -
*
* Magic identifiers present at the beginning of all ntfs record containing
* records (like mft records for example).
*/
typedef enum {
/* Found in $MFT/$DATA. */
magic_FILE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x454c4946), /* Mft entry. */
magic_INDX = const_cpu_to_le32(0x58444e49), /* Index buffer. */
magic_HOLE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x454c4f48), /* ? (NTFS 3.0+?) */
/* Found in $LogFile/$DATA. */
magic_RSTR = const_cpu_to_le32(0x52545352), /* Restart page. */
magic_RCRD = const_cpu_to_le32(0x44524352), /* Log record page. */
/* Found in $LogFile/$DATA. (May be found in $MFT/$DATA, also?) */
magic_CHKD = const_cpu_to_le32(0x444b4843), /* Modified by chkdsk. */
/* Found in all ntfs record containing records. */
magic_BAAD = const_cpu_to_le32(0x44414142), /* Failed multi sector
transfer was detected. */
/*
* Found in $LogFile/$DATA when a page is full or 0xff bytes and is
* thus not initialized. User has to initialize the page before using
* it.
*/
magic_empty = const_cpu_to_le32(0xffffffff),/* Record is empty and has
to be initialized before
it can be used. */
} NTFS_RECORD_TYPES;
/*
* Generic magic comparison macros. Finally found a use for the ## preprocessor
* operator! (-8
*/
#define ntfs_is_magic(x, m) ( (u32)(x) == (u32)magic_##m )
#define ntfs_is_magicp(p, m) ( *(u32*)(p) == (u32)magic_##m )
/*
* Specialised magic comparison macros for the NTFS_RECORD_TYPES defined above.
*/
#define ntfs_is_file_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, FILE) )
#define ntfs_is_file_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, FILE) )
#define ntfs_is_mft_record(x) ( ntfs_is_file_record(x) )
#define ntfs_is_mft_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_file_recordp(p) )
#define ntfs_is_indx_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, INDX) )
#define ntfs_is_indx_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, INDX) )
#define ntfs_is_hole_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, HOLE) )
#define ntfs_is_hole_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, HOLE) )
#define ntfs_is_rstr_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, RSTR) )
#define ntfs_is_rstr_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, RSTR) )
#define ntfs_is_rcrd_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, RCRD) )
#define ntfs_is_rcrd_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, RCRD) )
#define ntfs_is_chkd_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, CHKD) )
#define ntfs_is_chkd_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, CHKD) )
#define ntfs_is_baad_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, BAAD) )
#define ntfs_is_baad_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, BAAD) )
#define ntfs_is_empty_record(x) ( ntfs_is_magic (x, empty) )
#define ntfs_is_empty_recordp(p) ( ntfs_is_magicp(p, empty) )
#define NTFS_BLOCK_SIZE 512
#define NTFS_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS 9
/**
* struct NTFS_RECORD -
*
* The Update Sequence Array (usa) is an array of the u16 values which belong
* to the end of each sector protected by the update sequence record in which
* this array is contained. Note that the first entry is the Update Sequence
* Number (usn), a cyclic counter of how many times the protected record has
* been written to disk. The values 0 and -1 (ie. 0xffff) are not used. All
* last u16's of each sector have to be equal to the usn (during reading) or
* are set to it (during writing). If they are not, an incomplete multi sector
* transfer has occurred when the data was written.
* The maximum size for the update sequence array is fixed to:
* maximum size = usa_ofs + (usa_count * 2) = 510 bytes
* The 510 bytes comes from the fact that the last u16 in the array has to
* (obviously) finish before the last u16 of the first 512-byte sector.
* This formula can be used as a consistency check in that usa_ofs +
* (usa_count * 2) has to be less than or equal to 510.
*/
typedef struct {
NTFS_RECORD_TYPES magic;/* A four-byte magic identifying the
record type and/or status. */
u16 usa_ofs; /* Offset to the Update Sequence Array (usa)
from the start of the ntfs record. */
u16 usa_count; /* Number of u16 sized entries in the usa
including the Update Sequence Number (usn),
thus the number of fixups is the usa_count
minus 1. */
} __attribute__((__packed__)) NTFS_RECORD;
/**
* enum NTFS_SYSTEM_FILES - System files mft record numbers.
*
* All these files are always marked as used in the bitmap attribute of the
* mft; presumably in order to avoid accidental allocation for random other
* mft records. Also, the sequence number for each of the system files is
* always equal to their mft record number and it is never modified.
*/
typedef enum {
FILE_MFT = 0, /* Master file table (mft). Data attribute
contains the entries and bitmap attribute
records which ones are in use (bit==1). */
FILE_MFTMirr = 1, /* Mft mirror: copy of first four mft records
in data attribute. If cluster size > 4kiB,
copy of first N mft records, with
N = cluster_size / mft_record_size. */
FILE_LogFile = 2, /* Journalling log in data attribute. */
FILE_Volume = 3, /* Volume name attribute and volume information
attribute (flags and ntfs version). Windows
refers to this file as volume DASD (Direct
Access Storage Device). */
FILE_AttrDef = 4, /* Array of attribute definitions in data
attribute. */
FILE_root = 5, /* Root directory. */
FILE_Bitmap = 6, /* Allocation bitmap of all clusters (lcns) in
data attribute. */
FILE_Boot = 7, /* Boot sector (always at cluster 0) in data
attribute. */
FILE_BadClus = 8, /* Contains all bad clusters in the non-resident
data attribute. */
FILE_Secure = 9, /* Shared security descriptors in data attribute
and two indexes into the descriptors.
Appeared in Windows 2000. Before that, this
file was named $Quota but was unused. */
FILE_UpCase = 10, /* Uppercase equivalents of all 65536 Unicode
characters in data attribute. */
FILE_Extend = 11, /* Directory containing other system files (eg.
$ObjId, $Quota, $Reparse and $UsnJrnl). This
is new to NTFS3.0. */
FILE_reserved12 = 12, /* Reserved for future use (records 12-15). */
FILE_reserved13 = 13,
FILE_reserved14 = 14,
FILE_reserved15 = 15,
FILE_first_user = 16, /* First user file, used as test limit for
whether to allow opening a file or not. */
} NTFS_SYSTEM_FILES;
/**
* enum MFT_RECORD_FLAGS -
*
* These are the so far known MFT_RECORD_* flags (16-bit) which contain
* information about the mft record in which they are present.
*
* MFT_RECORD_IS_4 exists on all $Extend sub-files.
* It seems that it marks it is a metadata file with MFT record >24, however,
* it is unknown if it is limited to metadata files only.
*
* MFT_RECORD_IS_VIEW_INDEX exists on every metafile with a non directory
* index, that means an INDEX_ROOT and an INDEX_ALLOCATION with a name other
* than "$I30". It is unknown if it is limited to metadata files only.
*/
typedef enum {
MFT_RECORD_IN_USE = const_cpu_to_le16(0x0001),
MFT_RECORD_IS_DIRECTORY = const_cpu_to_le16(0x0002),
MFT_RECORD_IS_4 = const_cpu_to_le16(0x0004),
MFT_RECORD_IS_VIEW_INDEX = const_cpu_to_le16(0x0008),
MFT_REC_SPACE_FILLER = 0xffff, /* Just to make flags
16-bit. */
} __attribute__((__packed__)) MFT_RECORD_FLAGS;
/*
* mft references (aka file references or file record segment references) are
* used whenever a structure needs to refer to a record in the mft.
*
* A reference consists of a 48-bit index into the mft and a 16-bit sequence
* number used to detect stale references.
*
* For error reporting purposes we treat the 48-bit index as a signed quantity.
*
* The sequence number is a circular counter (skipping 0) describing how many
* times the referenced mft record has been (re)used. This has to match the
* sequence number of the mft record being referenced, otherwise the reference
* is considered stale and removed (FIXME: only ntfsck or the driver itself?).
*
* If the sequence number is zero it is assumed that no sequence number
* consistency checking should be performed.
*
* FIXME: Since inodes are 32-bit as of now, the driver needs to always check
* for high_part being 0 and if not either BUG(), cause a panic() or handle
* the situation in some other way. This shouldn't be a problem as a volume has
* to become HUGE in order to need more than 32-bits worth of mft records.
* Assuming the standard mft record size of 1kb only the records (never mind
* the non-resident attributes, etc.) would require 4Tb of space on their own
* for the first 32 bits worth of records. This is only if some strange person
* doesn't decide to foul play and make the mft sparse which would be a really
* horrible thing to do as it would trash our current driver implementation. )-:
* Do I hear screams "we want 64-bit inodes!" ?!? (-;
*
* FIXME: The mft zone is defined as the first 12% of the volume. This space is
* reserved so that the mft can grow contiguously and hence doesn't become
* fragmented. Volume free space includes the empty part of the mft zone and
* when the volume's free 88% are used up, the mft zone is shrunk by a factor
* of 2, thus making more space available for more files/data. This process is
* repeated every time there is no more free space except for the mft zone until
* there really is no more free space.
*/
/*
* Typedef the MFT_REF as a 64-bit value for easier handling.
* Also define two unpacking macros to get to the reference (MREF) and
* sequence number (MSEQNO) respectively.
* The _LE versions are to be applied on little endian MFT_REFs.
* Note: The _LE versions will return a CPU endian formatted value!
*/
#define MFT_REF_MASK_CPU 0x0000ffffffffffffULL
#define MFT_REF_MASK_LE const_cpu_to_le64(MFT_REF_MASK_CPU)
typedef u64 MFT_REF;
typedef le64 leMFT_REF; /* a little-endian MFT_MREF */
#define MK_MREF(m, s) ((MFT_REF)(((MFT_REF)(s) << 48) | \
((MFT_REF)(m) & MFT_REF_MASK_CPU)))
#define MK_LE_MREF(m, s) const_cpu_to_le64(((MFT_REF)(((MFT_REF)(s) << 48) | \
((MFT_REF)(m) & MFT_REF_MASK_CPU))))
#define MREF(x) ((u64)((x) & MFT_REF_MASK_CPU))
#define MSEQNO(x) ((u16)(((x) >> 48) & 0xffff))
#define MREF_LE(x) ((u64)(const_le64_to_cpu(x) & MFT_REF_MASK_CPU))
#define MSEQNO_LE(x) ((u16)((const_le64_to_cpu(x) >> 48) & 0xffff))
#define IS_ERR_MREF(x) (((x) & 0x0000800000000000ULL) ? 1 : 0)
#define ERR_MREF(x) ((u64)((s64)(x)))
#define MREF_ERR(x) ((int)((s64)(x)))
/**
* struct MFT_RECORD - An MFT record layout (NTFS 3.1+)
*
* The mft record header present at the beginning of every record in the mft.
* This is followed by a sequence of variable length attribute records which
* is terminated by an attribute of type AT_END which is a truncated attribute
* in that it only consists of the attribute type code AT_END and none of the
* other members of the attribute structure are present.
*/
typedef struct {
/*Ofs*/
/* 0 NTFS_RECORD; -- Unfolded here as gcc doesn't like unnamed structs. */
NTFS_RECORD_TYPES magic;/* Usually the magic is "FILE". */
u16 usa_ofs; /* See NTFS_RECORD definition above. */
u16 usa_count; /* See NTFS_RECORD definition above. */
/* 8*/ LSN lsn; /* $LogFile sequence number for this record.
Changed every time the record is modified. */
/* 16*/ u16 sequence_number; /* Number of times this mft record has been
reused. (See description for MFT_REF
above.) NOTE: The increment (skipping zero)
is done when the file is deleted. NOTE: If
this is zero it is left zero. */
/* 18*/ u16 link_count; /* Number of hard links, i.e. the number of
directory entries referencing this record.
NOTE: Only used in mft base records.
NOTE: When deleting a directory entry we
check the link_count and if it is 1 we
delete the file. Otherwise we delete the
FILE_NAME_ATTR being referenced by the
directory entry from the mft record and
decrement the link_count.
FIXME: Careful with Win32 + DOS names! */
/* 20*/ u16 attrs_offset; /* Byte offset to the first attribute in this
mft record from the start of the mft record.
NOTE: Must be aligned to 8-byte boundary. */
/* 22*/ MFT_RECORD_FLAGS flags; /* Bit array of MFT_RECORD_FLAGS. When a file
is deleted, the MFT_RECORD_IN_USE flag is
set to zero. */
/* 24*/ u32 bytes_in_use; /* Number of bytes used in this mft record.
NOTE: Must be aligned to 8-byte boundary. */
/* 28*/ u32 bytes_allocated; /* Number of bytes allocated for this mft
record. This should be equal to the mft
record size. */
/* 32*/ MFT_REF base_mft_record; /* This is zero for base mft records.
When it is not zero it is a mft reference
pointing to the base mft record to which
this record belongs (this is then used to
locate the attribute list attribute present
in the base record which describes this
extension record and hence might need
modification when the extension record
itself is modified, also locating the
attribute list also means finding the other
potential extents, belonging to the non-base
mft record). */
/* 40*/ u16 next_attr_instance; /* The instance number that will be
assigned to the next attribute added to this
mft record. NOTE: Incremented each time
after it is used. NOTE: Every time the mft
record is reused this number is set to zero.
NOTE: The first instance number is always 0.
*/
/* The below fields are specific to NTFS 3.1+ (Windows XP and above): */
/* 42*/ u16 reserved; /* Reserved/alignment. */
/* 44*/ u32 mft_record_number; /* Number of this mft record. */
/* sizeof() = 48 bytes */
/*
* When (re)using the mft record, we place the update sequence array at this
* offset, i.e. before we start with the attributes. This also makes sense,
* otherwise we could run into problems with the update sequence array
* containing in itself the last two bytes of a sector which would mean that
* multi sector transfer protection wouldn't work. As you can't protect data
* by overwriting it since you then can't get it back...
* When reading we obviously use the data from the ntfs record header.
*/
} __attribute__((__packed__)) MFT_RECORD;
/**
* struct MFT_RECORD_OLD - An MFT record layout (NTFS <=3.0)
*
* This is the version without the NTFS 3.1+ specific fields.
*/
typedef struct {
/*Ofs*/
/* 0 NTFS_RECORD; -- Unfolded here as gcc doesn't like unnamed structs. */
NTFS_RECORD_TYPES magic;/* Usually the magic is "FILE". */
u16 usa_ofs; /* See NTFS_RECORD definition above. */
u16 usa_count; /* See NTFS_RECORD definition above. */
/* 8*/ LSN lsn; /* $LogFile sequence number for this record.
Changed every time the record is modified. */
/* 16*/ u16 sequence_number; /* Number of times this mft record has been
reused. (See description for MFT_REF
above.) NOTE: The increment (skipping zero)
is done when the file is deleted. NOTE: If
this is zero it is left zero. */
/* 18*/ u16 link_count; /* Number of hard links, i.e. the number of
directory entries referencing this record.
NOTE: Only used in mft base records.
NOTE: When deleting a directory entry we
check the link_count and if it is 1 we
delete the file. Otherwise we delete the
FILE_NAME_ATTR being referenced by the
directory entry from the mft record and
decrement the link_count.
FIXME: Careful with Win32 + DOS names! */
/* 20*/ u16 attrs_offset; /* Byte offset to the first attribute in this
mft record from the start of the mft record.
NOTE: Must be aligned to 8-byte boundary. */
/* 22*/ MFT_RECORD_FLAGS flags; /* Bit array of MFT_RECORD_FLAGS. When a file
is deleted, the MFT_RECORD_IN_USE flag is
set to zero. */
/* 24*/ u32 bytes_in_use; /* Number of bytes used in this mft record.
NOTE: Must be aligned to 8-byte boundary. */
/* 28*/ u32 bytes_allocated; /* Number of bytes allocated for this mft
record. This should be equal to the mft
record size. */
/* 32*/ MFT_REF base_mft_record; /* This is zero for base mft records.
When it is not zero it is a mft reference
pointing to the base mft record to which
this record belongs (this is then used to
locate the attribute list attribute present
in the base record which describes this
extension record and hence might need
modification when the extension record
itself is modified, also locating the
attribute list also means finding the other
potential extents, belonging to the non-base
mft record). */
/* 40*/ u16 next_attr_instance; /* The instance number that will be
assigned to the next attribute added to this
mft record. NOTE: Incremented each time
after it is used. NOTE: Every time the mft
record is reused this number is set to zero.
NOTE: The first instance number is always 0.
*/
/* sizeof() = 42 bytes */
/*
* When (re)using the mft record, we place the update sequence array at this
* offset, i.e. before we start with the attributes. This also makes sense,
* otherwise we could run into problems with the update sequence array
* containing in itself the last two bytes of a sector which would mean that
* multi sector transfer protection wouldn't work. As you can't protect data
* by overwriting it since you then can't get it back...
* When reading we obviously use the data from the ntfs record header.
*/
} __attribute__((__packed__)) MFT_RECORD_OLD;
/**
* enum ATTR_TYPES - System defined attributes (32-bit).
*
* Each attribute type has a corresponding attribute name (Unicode string of
* maximum 64 character length) as described by the attribute definitions
* present in the data attribute of the $AttrDef system file.
*
* On NTFS 3.0 volumes the names are just as the types are named in the below
* enum exchanging AT_ for the dollar sign ($). If that isn't a revealing
* choice of symbol... (-;
*/
typedef enum {
AT_UNUSED = const_cpu_to_le32( 0),
AT_STANDARD_INFORMATION = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x10),
AT_ATTRIBUTE_LIST = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x20),
AT_FILE_NAME = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x30),
AT_OBJECT_ID = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x40),
AT_SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x50),
AT_VOLUME_NAME = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x60),
AT_VOLUME_INFORMATION = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x70),
AT_DATA = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x80),
AT_INDEX_ROOT = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x90),
AT_INDEX_ALLOCATION = const_cpu_to_le32( 0xa0),
AT_BITMAP = const_cpu_to_le32( 0xb0),
AT_REPARSE_POINT = const_cpu_to_le32( 0xc0),
AT_EA_INFORMATION = const_cpu_to_le32( 0xd0),
AT_EA = const_cpu_to_le32( 0xe0),
AT_PROPERTY_SET = const_cpu_to_le32( 0xf0),
AT_LOGGED_UTILITY_STREAM = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x100),
AT_FIRST_USER_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE = const_cpu_to_le32( 0x1000),
AT_END = const_cpu_to_le32(0xffffffff),
} ATTR_TYPES;
/**
* enum COLLATION_RULES - The collation rules for sorting views/indexes/etc
* (32-bit).
*
* COLLATION_UNICODE_STRING - Collate Unicode strings by comparing their binary
* Unicode values, except that when a character can be uppercased, the
* upper case value collates before the lower case one.
* COLLATION_FILE_NAME - Collate file names as Unicode strings. The collation
* is done very much like COLLATION_UNICODE_STRING. In fact I have no idea
* what the difference is. Perhaps the difference is that file names
* would treat some special characters in an odd way (see
* unistr.c::ntfs_collate_names() and unistr.c::legal_ansi_char_array[]
* for what I mean but COLLATION_UNICODE_STRING would not give any special
* treatment to any characters at all, but this is speculation.
* COLLATION_NTOFS_ULONG - Sorting is done according to ascending u32 key
* values. E.g. used for $SII index in FILE_Secure, which sorts by
* security_id (u32).
* COLLATION_NTOFS_SID - Sorting is done according to ascending SID values.
* E.g. used for $O index in FILE_Extend/$Quota.
* COLLATION_NTOFS_SECURITY_HASH - Sorting is done first by ascending hash
* values and second by ascending security_id values. E.g. used for $SDH
* index in FILE_Secure.
* COLLATION_NTOFS_ULONGS - Sorting is done according to a sequence of ascending
* u32 key values. E.g. used for $O index in FILE_Extend/$ObjId, which
* sorts by object_id (16-byte), by splitting up the object_id in four
* u32 values and using them as individual keys. E.g. take the following
* two security_ids, stored as follows on disk:
* 1st: a1 61 65 b7 65 7b d4 11 9e 3d 00 e0 81 10 42 59
* 2nd: 38 14 37 d2 d2 f3 d4 11 a5 21 c8 6b 79 b1 97 45
* To compare them, they are split into four u32 values each, like so:
* 1st: 0xb76561a1 0x11d47b65 0xe0003d9e 0x59421081
* 2nd: 0xd2371438 0x11d4f3d2 0x6bc821a5 0x4597b179
* Now, it is apparent why the 2nd object_id collates after the 1st: the
* first u32 value of the 1st object_id is less than the first u32 of
* the 2nd object_id. If the first u32 values of both object_ids were
* equal then the second u32 values would be compared, etc.
*/
typedef enum {
COLLATION_BINARY = const_cpu_to_le32(0), /* Collate by binary
compare where the first byte is most
significant. */
COLLATION_FILE_NAME = const_cpu_to_le32(1), /* Collate file names
as Unicode strings. */
COLLATION_UNICODE_STRING = const_cpu_to_le32(2), /* Collate Unicode
strings by comparing their binary
Unicode values, except that when a
character can be uppercased, the upper
case value collates before the lower
case one. */
COLLATION_NTOFS_ULONG = const_cpu_to_le32(16),
COLLATION_NTOFS_SID = const_cpu_to_le32(17),
COLLATION_NTOFS_SECURITY_HASH = const_cpu_to_le32(18),
COLLATION_NTOFS_ULONGS = const_cpu_to_le32(19),
} COLLATION_RULES;
/**
* enum ATTR_DEF_FLAGS -
*
* The flags (32-bit) describing attribute properties in the attribute
* definition structure. FIXME: This information is based on Regis's
* information and, according to him, it is not certain and probably
* incomplete. The INDEXABLE flag is fairly certainly correct as only the file
* name attribute has this flag set and this is the only attribute indexed in
* NT4.
*/
typedef enum {
ATTR_DEF_INDEXABLE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x02), /* Attribute can be
indexed. */
ATTR_DEF_MULTIPLE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x04), /* Attribute type
can be present multiple times in the
mft records of an inode. */
ATTR_DEF_NOT_ZERO = const_cpu_to_le32(0x08), /* Attribute value
must contain at least one non-zero
byte. */
ATTR_DEF_INDEXED_UNIQUE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x10), /* Attribute must be
indexed and the attribute value must be
unique for the attribute type in all of
the mft records of an inode. */
ATTR_DEF_NAMED_UNIQUE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x20), /* Attribute must be
named and the name must be unique for
the attribute type in all of the mft
records of an inode. */
ATTR_DEF_RESIDENT = const_cpu_to_le32(0x40), /* Attribute must be
resident. */
ATTR_DEF_ALWAYS_LOG = const_cpu_to_le32(0x80), /* Always log
modifications to this attribute,
regardless of whether it is resident or
non-resident. Without this, only log
modifications if the attribute is
resident. */
} ATTR_DEF_FLAGS;
/**
* struct ATTR_DEF -
*
* The data attribute of FILE_AttrDef contains a sequence of attribute
* definitions for the NTFS volume. With this, it is supposed to be safe for an
* older NTFS driver to mount a volume containing a newer NTFS version without
* damaging it (that's the theory. In practice it's: not damaging it too much).
* Entries are sorted by attribute type. The flags describe whether the
* attribute can be resident/non-resident and possibly other things, but the
* actual bits are unknown.
*/
typedef struct {
/*hex ofs*/
/* 0*/ ntfschar name[0x40]; /* Unicode name of the attribute. Zero
terminated. */
/* 80*/ ATTR_TYPES type; /* Type of the attribute. */
/* 84*/ u32 display_rule; /* Default display rule.
FIXME: What does it mean? (AIA) */
/* 88*/ COLLATION_RULES collation_rule; /* Default collation rule. */
/* 8c*/ ATTR_DEF_FLAGS flags; /* Flags describing the attribute. */
/* 90*/ s64 min_size; /* Optional minimum attribute size. */
/* 98*/ s64 max_size; /* Maximum size of attribute. */
/* sizeof() = 0xa0 or 160 bytes */
} __attribute__((__packed__)) ATTR_DEF;
/**
* enum ATTR_FLAGS - Attribute flags (16-bit).
*/
typedef enum {
ATTR_IS_COMPRESSED = const_cpu_to_le16(0x0001),
ATTR_COMPRESSION_MASK = const_cpu_to_le16(0x00ff), /* Compression
method mask. Also, first
illegal value. */
ATTR_IS_ENCRYPTED = const_cpu_to_le16(0x4000),
ATTR_IS_SPARSE = const_cpu_to_le16(0x8000),
} __attribute__((__packed__)) ATTR_FLAGS;
/*
* Attribute compression.
*
* Only the data attribute is ever compressed in the current ntfs driver in
* Windows. Further, compression is only applied when the data attribute is
* non-resident. Finally, to use compression, the maximum allowed cluster size
* on a volume is 4kib.
*
* The compression method is based on independently compressing blocks of X
* clusters, where X is determined from the compression_unit value found in the
* non-resident attribute record header (more precisely: X = 2^compression_unit
* clusters). On Windows NT/2k, X always is 16 clusters (compression_unit = 4).
*
* There are three different cases of how a compression block of X clusters
* can be stored:
*
* 1) The data in the block is all zero (a sparse block):
* This is stored as a sparse block in the runlist, i.e. the runlist
* entry has length = X and lcn = -1. The mapping pairs array actually
* uses a delta_lcn value length of 0, i.e. delta_lcn is not present at
* all, which is then interpreted by the driver as lcn = -1.
* NOTE: Even uncompressed files can be sparse on NTFS 3.0 volumes, then
* the same principles apply as above, except that the length is not
* restricted to being any particular value.
*
* 2) The data in the block is not compressed:
* This happens when compression doesn't reduce the size of the block
* in clusters. I.e. if compression has a small effect so that the
* compressed data still occupies X clusters, then the uncompressed data
* is stored in the block.
* This case is recognised by the fact that the runlist entry has
* length = X and lcn >= 0. The mapping pairs array stores this as
* normal with a run length of X and some specific delta_lcn, i.e.
* delta_lcn has to be present.
*
* 3) The data in the block is compressed:
* The common case. This case is recognised by the fact that the run
* list entry has length L < X and lcn >= 0. The mapping pairs array
* stores this as normal with a run length of X and some specific
* delta_lcn, i.e. delta_lcn has to be present. This runlist entry is
* immediately followed by a sparse entry with length = X - L and
* lcn = -1. The latter entry is to make up the vcn counting to the
* full compression block size X.
*
* In fact, life is more complicated because adjacent entries of the same type
* can be coalesced. This means that one has to keep track of the number of
* clusters handled and work on a basis of X clusters at a time being one
* block. An example: if length L > X this means that this particular runlist
* entry contains a block of length X and part of one or more blocks of length
* L - X. Another example: if length L < X, this does not necessarily mean that
* the block is compressed as it might be that the lcn changes inside the block
* and hence the following runlist entry describes the continuation of the
* potentially compressed block. The block would be compressed if the
* following runlist entry describes at least X - L sparse clusters, thus
* making up the compression block length as described in point 3 above. (Of
* course, there can be several runlist entries with small lengths so that the
* sparse entry does not follow the first data containing entry with
* length < X.)
*
* NOTE: At the end of the compressed attribute value, there most likely is not
* just the right amount of data to make up a compression block, thus this data
* is not even attempted to be compressed. It is just stored as is, unless
* the number of clusters it occupies is reduced when compressed in which case
* it is stored as a compressed compression block, complete with sparse
* clusters at the end.
*/
/**
* enum RESIDENT_ATTR_FLAGS - Flags of resident attributes (8-bit).
*/
typedef enum {
RESIDENT_ATTR_IS_INDEXED = 0x01, /* Attribute is referenced in an index
(has implications for deleting and
modifying the attribute). */
} __attribute__((__packed__)) RESIDENT_ATTR_FLAGS;
/**
* struct ATTR_RECORD - Attribute record header.
*
* Always aligned to 8-byte boundary.
*/
typedef struct {
/*Ofs*/
/* 0*/ ATTR_TYPES type; /* The (32-bit) type of the attribute. */
/* 4*/ u32 length; /* Byte size of the resident part of the
attribute (aligned to 8-byte boundary).
Used to get to the next attribute. */
/* 8*/ u8 non_resident; /* If 0, attribute is resident.
If 1, attribute is non-resident. */
/* 9*/ u8 name_length; /* Unicode character size of name of attribute.
0 if unnamed. */
/* 10*/ u16 name_offset; /* If name_length != 0, the byte offset to the
beginning of the name from the attribute
record. Note that the name is stored as a
Unicode string. When creating, place offset
just at the end of the record header. Then,
follow with attribute value or mapping pairs
array, resident and non-resident attributes
respectively, aligning to an 8-byte
boundary. */
/* 12*/ ATTR_FLAGS flags; /* Flags describing the attribute. */
/* 14*/ u16 instance; /* The instance of this attribute record. This
number is unique within this mft record (see
MFT_RECORD/next_attribute_instance notes
above for more details). */
/* 16*/ union {
/* Resident attributes. */
struct {
/* 16 */ u32 value_length; /* Byte size of attribute value. */
/* 20 */ u16 value_offset; /* Byte offset of the attribute
value from the start of the
attribute record. When creating,
align to 8-byte boundary if we
have a name present as this might
not have a length of a multiple
of 8-bytes. */
/* 22 */ RESIDENT_ATTR_FLAGS resident_flags; /* See above. */
/* 23 */ s8 reservedR; /* Reserved/alignment to 8-byte
boundary. */
/* 24 */ void *resident_end[0]; /* Use offsetof(ATTR_RECORD,
resident_end) to get size of
a resident attribute. */
} __attribute__((__packed__));
/* Non-resident attributes. */
struct {
/* 16*/ VCN lowest_vcn; /* Lowest valid virtual cluster number
for this portion of the attribute value or
0 if this is the only extent (usually the
case). - Only when an attribute list is used
does lowest_vcn != 0 ever occur. */
/* 24*/ VCN highest_vcn; /* Highest valid vcn of this extent of
the attribute value. - Usually there is only one
portion, so this usually equals the attribute
value size in clusters minus 1. Can be -1 for
zero length files. Can be 0 for "single extent"
attributes. */
/* 32*/ u16 mapping_pairs_offset; /* Byte offset from the
beginning of the structure to the mapping pairs
array which contains the mappings between the
vcns and the logical cluster numbers (lcns).
When creating, place this at the end of this
record header aligned to 8-byte boundary. */
/* 34*/ u8 compression_unit; /* The compression unit expressed
as the log to the base 2 of the number of
clusters in a compression unit. 0 means not
compressed. (This effectively limits the
compression unit size to be a power of two
clusters.) WinNT4 only uses a value of 4. */
/* 35*/ u8 reserved1[5]; /* Align to 8-byte boundary. */
/* The sizes below are only used when lowest_vcn is zero, as otherwise it would
be difficult to keep them up-to-date.*/
/* 40*/ s64 allocated_size; /* Byte size of disk space
allocated to hold the attribute value. Always
is a multiple of the cluster size. When a file
is compressed, this field is a multiple of the
compression block size (2^compression_unit) and
it represents the logically allocated space
rather than the actual on disk usage. For this
use the compressed_size (see below). */
/* 48*/ s64 data_size; /* Byte size of the attribute
value. Can be larger than allocated_size if
attribute value is compressed or sparse. */
/* 56*/ s64 initialized_size; /* Byte size of initialized
portion of the attribute value. Usually equals
data_size. */
/* 64 */ void *non_resident_end[0]; /* Use offsetof(ATTR_RECORD,
non_resident_end) to get
size of a non resident
attribute. */
/* sizeof(uncompressed attr) = 64*/
/* 64*/ s64 compressed_size; /* Byte size of the attribute
value after compression. Only present when
compressed. Always is a multiple of the
cluster size. Represents the actual amount of
disk space being used on the disk. */
/* 72 */ void *compressed_end[0];
/* Use offsetof(ATTR_RECORD, compressed_end) to
get size of a compressed attribute. */
/* sizeof(compressed attr) = 72*/
} __attribute__((__packed__));
} __attribute__((__packed__));
} __attribute__((__packed__)) ATTR_RECORD;
typedef ATTR_RECORD ATTR_REC;
/**
* enum FILE_ATTR_FLAGS - File attribute flags (32-bit).
*/
typedef enum {
/*
* These flags are only present in the STANDARD_INFORMATION attribute
* (in the field file_attributes).
*/
FILE_ATTR_READONLY = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000001),
FILE_ATTR_HIDDEN = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000002),
FILE_ATTR_SYSTEM = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000004),
/* Old DOS volid. Unused in NT. = cpu_to_le32(0x00000008), */
FILE_ATTR_DIRECTORY = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000010),
/* FILE_ATTR_DIRECTORY is not considered valid in NT. It is reserved
for the DOS SUBDIRECTORY flag. */
FILE_ATTR_ARCHIVE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000020),
FILE_ATTR_DEVICE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000040),
FILE_ATTR_NORMAL = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000080),
FILE_ATTR_TEMPORARY = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000100),
FILE_ATTR_SPARSE_FILE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000200),
FILE_ATTR_REPARSE_POINT = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000400),
FILE_ATTR_COMPRESSED = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00000800),
FILE_ATTR_OFFLINE = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00001000),
FILE_ATTR_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00002000),
FILE_ATTR_ENCRYPTED = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00004000),
FILE_ATTR_VALID_FLAGS = const_cpu_to_le32(0x00007fb7),
/* FILE_ATTR_VALID_FLAGS masks out the old DOS VolId and the
FILE_ATTR_DEVICE and preserves everything else. This mask
is used to obtain all flags that are valid for reading. */
FILE_ATTR_VALID_SET_FLAGS = const_cpu_to_le32(0x000031a7),
/* FILE_ATTR_VALID_SET_FLAGS masks out the old DOS VolId, the
FILE_ATTR_DEVICE, FILE_ATTR_DIRECTORY, FILE_ATTR_SPARSE_FILE,
FILE_ATTR_REPARSE_POINT, FILE_ATRE_COMPRESSED and FILE_ATTR_ENCRYPTED
and preserves the rest. This mask is used to to obtain all flags that
are valid for setting. */
/**
* FILE_ATTR_I30_INDEX_PRESENT - Is it a directory?
*
* This is a copy of the MFT_RECORD_IS_DIRECTORY bit from the mft
* record, telling us whether this is a directory or not, i.e. whether
* it has an index root attribute named "$I30" or not.
*
* This flag is only present in the FILE_NAME attribute (in the
* file_attributes field).
*/
FILE_ATTR_I30_INDEX_PRESENT = const_cpu_to_le32(0x10000000),
/**
* FILE_ATTR_VIEW_INDEX_PRESENT - Does have a non-directory index?
*
* This is a copy of the MFT_RECORD_IS_VIEW_INDEX bit from the mft
* record, telling us whether this file has a view index present (eg.
* object id index, quota index, one of the security indexes and the
* reparse points index).
*
* This flag is only present in the $STANDARD_INFORMATION and
* $FILE_NAME attributes.
*/
FILE_ATTR_VIEW_INDEX_PRESENT = const_cpu_to_le32(0x20000000),
} __attribute__((__packed__)) FILE_ATTR_FLAGS;
/*
* NOTE on times in NTFS: All times are in MS standard time format, i.e. they
* are the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since 1st January 1601, 00:00:00
* universal coordinated time (UTC). (In Linux time starts 1st January 1970,
* 00:00:00 UTC and is stored as the number of 1-second intervals since then.)
*/
/**
* struct STANDARD_INFORMATION - Attribute: Standard information (0x10).
*
* NOTE: Always resident.
* NOTE: Present in all base file records on a volume.
* NOTE: There is conflicting information about the meaning of each of the time
* fields but the meaning as defined below has been verified to be
* correct by practical experimentation on Windows NT4 SP6a and is hence
* assumed to be the one and only correct interpretation.
*/
typedef struct {
/*Ofs*/
/* 0*/ s64 creation_time; /* Time file was created. Updated when
a filename is changed(?). */
/* 8*/ s64 last_data_change_time; /* Time the data attribute was last
modified. */
/* 16*/ s64 last_mft_change_time; /* Time this mft record was last
modified. */
/* 24*/ s64 last_access_time; /* Approximate time when the file was
last accessed (obviously this is not
updated on read-only volumes). In
Windows this is only updated when
accessed if some time delta has
passed since the last update. Also,
last access times updates can be
disabled altogether for speed. */
/* 32*/ FILE_ATTR_FLAGS file_attributes; /* Flags describing the file. */
/* 36*/ union {
/* NTFS 1.2 (and previous, presumably) */
struct {
/* 36 */ u8 reserved12[12]; /* Reserved/alignment to 8-byte
boundary. */
/* 48 */ void *v1_end[0]; /* Marker for offsetof(). */
} __attribute__((__packed__));
/* sizeof() = 48 bytes */
/* NTFS 3.0 */
struct {
/*
* If a volume has been upgraded from a previous NTFS version, then these
* fields are present only if the file has been accessed since the upgrade.
* Recognize the difference by comparing the length of the resident attribute
* value. If it is 48, then the following fields are missing. If it is 72 then
* the fields are present. Maybe just check like this:
* if (resident.ValueLength < sizeof(STANDARD_INFORMATION)) {
* Assume NTFS 1.2- format.
* If (volume version is 3.0+)
* Upgrade attribute to NTFS 3.0 format.
* else
* Use NTFS 1.2- format for access.
* } else
* Use NTFS 3.0 format for access.
* Only problem is that it might be legal to set the length of the value to
* arbitrarily large values thus spoiling this check. - But chkdsk probably
* views that as a corruption, assuming that it behaves like this for all
* attributes.
*/
/* 36*/ u32 maximum_versions; /* Maximum allowed versions for
file. Zero if version numbering is disabled. */
/* 40*/ u32 version_number; /* This file's version (if any).
Set to zero if maximum_versions is zero. */
/* 44*/ u32 class_id; /* Class id from bidirectional
class id index (?). */
/* 48*/ u32 owner_id; /* Owner_id of the user owning
the file. Translate via $Q index in FILE_Extend
/$Quota to the quota control entry for the user
owning the file. Zero if quotas are disabled. */
/* 52*/ u32 security_id; /* Security_id for the file.
Translate via $SII index and $SDS data stream
in FILE_Secure to the security descriptor. */
/* 56*/ u64 quota_charged; /* Byte size of the charge to
the quota for all streams of the file. Note: Is
zero if quotas are disabled. */
/* 64*/ u64 usn; /* Last update sequence number
of the file. This is a direct index into the
change (aka usn) journal file. It is zero if
the usn journal is disabled.
NOTE: To disable the journal need to delete
the journal file itself and to then walk the
whole mft and set all Usn entries in all mft
records to zero! (This can take a while!)
The journal is FILE_Extend/$UsnJrnl. Win2k
will recreate the journal and initiate
logging if necessary when mounting the
partition. This, in contrast to disabling the
journal is a very fast process, so the user
won't even notice it. */
/* 72*/ void *v3_end[0]; /* Marker for offsetof(). */
} __attribute__((__packed__));
} __attribute__((__packed__));
/* sizeof() = 72 bytes (NTFS 3.0) */
} __attribute__((__packed__)) STANDARD_INFORMATION;
/**
* struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY - Attribute: Attribute list (0x20).
*
* - Can be either resident or non-resident.
* - Value consists of a sequence of variable length, 8-byte aligned,
* ATTR_LIST_ENTRY records.
* - The attribute list attribute contains one entry for each attribute of
* the file in which the list is located, except for the list attribute
* itself. The list is sorted: first by attribute type, second by attribute
* name (if present), third by instance number. The extents of one