Introduce Kotlin functional bean definition DSL

As a follow-up of the ApplicationContext Kotlin extensions, close to
the Kotlin functional WebFlux DSL and partially inspired of the
Groovy/Scala bean configuration DSL, this commit introduces a
lightweight Kotlin DSL for functional bean declaration.

It allows declaring beans as following:

beans {
	bean<Foo>()
	profile("bar") {
		bean<Bar>("bar", scope = Scope.PROTOTYPE)
	}
	environment({ it.activeProfiles.contains("baz") }) {
		bean { Baz(it.ref()) }
		bean { Baz(it.ref("bar")) }
	}
}

Advantages compared to Regular ApplicationContext API are:
 - No exposure of low-level ApplicationContext API
 - Focused DSL easier to read, but also easier to write with a fewer
   entries in the auto-complete
 - Declarative syntax instead of functions with verbs like registerBeans
   while still allowing programmatic registration of beans if needed
 - Such DSL is idiomatic in Kotlin
 - No need to have an ApplicationContext instance to write how you
   register your beans since beans { } DSL is conceptually a
   Consumer<GenericApplicationContext>

This DSL effectively replaces ApplicationContext Kotlin extensions as
the recommended way to register beans in a functional way with Kotlin.

Issue: SPR-15755

Author: sdeleuze

spring-context/src/main/kotlin/org/springframework/context/support/BeanDefinitionDsl.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.context.support
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionCustomizer
+import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext
+import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment
+import java.util.function.Supplier
+
+/**
+ * Class implementing functional bean definition Kotlin DSL.
+ *
+ * @author Sebastien Deleuze
+ * @since 5.0
+ */
+open class BeanDefinitionDsl(val condition: (ConfigurableEnvironment) -> Boolean = { true }) : (GenericApplicationContext) -> Unit {
+
+	protected val registrations = arrayListOf<(GenericApplicationContext) -> Unit>()
+	
+	protected val children = arrayListOf<BeanDefinitionDsl>()
+	
+	enum class Scope {
+		SINGLETON,
+		PROTOTYPE
+	}
+
+	class BeanDefinitionContext(val context: ApplicationContext) {
+
+		inline fun <reified T : Any> ref(name: String? = null) : T = when (name) {
+			null -> context.getBean(T::class.java)
+			else -> context.getBean(name, T::class.java)
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Declare a bean definition from the given bean class which can be inferred when possible.
+	 * 
+	 * @See GenericApplicationContext.registerBean
+	 */
+	inline fun <reified T : Any> bean(name: String? = null,
+									  scope: Scope? = null,
+									  isLazyInit: Boolean? = null,
+									  isPrimary: Boolean? = null,
+									  isAutowireCandidate: Boolean? = null) {
+		
+		registrations.add {
+			val customizer = BeanDefinitionCustomizer { bd -> 
+				scope?.let { bd.scope = scope.name.toLowerCase() }
+				isLazyInit?.let { bd.isLazyInit = isLazyInit }
+				isPrimary?.let { bd.isPrimary = isPrimary }
+				isAutowireCandidate?.let { bd.isAutowireCandidate = isAutowireCandidate }
+			}
+			
+			when (name) {
+				null -> it.registerBean(T::class.java, customizer)
+				else -> it.registerBean(name, T::class.java, customizer)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Declare a bean definition using the given supplier for obtaining a new instance.
+	 *
+	 * @See GenericApplicationContext.registerBean
+	 */
+	inline fun <reified T : Any> bean(name: String? = null,
+									  scope: Scope? = null,
+									  isLazyInit: Boolean? = null,
+									  isPrimary: Boolean? = null,
+									  isAutowireCandidate: Boolean? = null,
+									  crossinline function: (BeanDefinitionContext) -> T) {
+		
+		val customizer = BeanDefinitionCustomizer { bd ->
+			scope?.let { bd.scope = scope.name.toLowerCase() }
+			isLazyInit?.let { bd.isLazyInit = isLazyInit }
+			isPrimary?.let { bd.isPrimary = isPrimary }
+			isAutowireCandidate?.let { bd.isAutowireCandidate = isAutowireCandidate }
+		}
+		
+		registrations.add {
+			val beanContext = BeanDefinitionContext(it)
+			when (name) {
+				null -> it.registerBean(T::class.java, Supplier { function.invoke(beanContext) }, customizer)
+				else -> it.registerBean(name, T::class.java, Supplier { function.invoke(beanContext) }, customizer)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Take in account bean definitions enclosed in the provided lambda only when the
+	 * specified profile is active.
+	 */
+	fun profile(profile: String, init: BeanDefinitionDsl.() -> Unit): BeanDefinitionDsl {
+		val beans = BeanDefinitionDsl({ it.activeProfiles.contains(profile) })
+		beans.init()
+		children.add(beans)
+		return beans
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Take in account bean definitions enclosed in the provided lambda only when the
+	 * specified environment-based predicate is true.
+	 */
+	fun environment(condition: (ConfigurableEnvironment) -> Boolean, init: BeanDefinitionDsl.() -> Unit): BeanDefinitionDsl {
+		val beans = BeanDefinitionDsl(condition::invoke)
+		beans.init()
+		children.add(beans)
+		return beans
+	}
+
+	override fun invoke(context: GenericApplicationContext) {
+		for (registration in registrations) {
+			if (condition.invoke(context.environment)) {
+				registration.invoke(context)
+			}
+		}
+		for (child in children) {
+			child.invoke(context)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Functional bean definition Kotlin DSL.
+ *
+ * @author Sebastien Deleuze
+ * @since 5.0
+ */
+fun beans(init: BeanDefinitionDsl.() -> Unit): BeanDefinitionDsl {
+	val beans = BeanDefinitionDsl()
+	beans.init()
+	return beans
+}

spring-context/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/context/support/BeanDefinitionDslTests.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.context.support
+
+import org.junit.Assert.*
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.getBean
+import org.springframework.context.support.BeanDefinitionDsl.*
+
+class BeanDefinitionDslTests {
+	
+	@Test
+	fun `Declare beans with the functional Kotlin DSL`() {
+		val beans = beans { 
+			bean<Foo>()
+			bean<Bar>("bar", scope = Scope.PROTOTYPE)
+			bean { Baz(it.ref<Bar>()) }
+			bean { Baz(it.ref("bar")) }
+		}
+
+		val context = GenericApplicationContext()
+		beans.invoke(context)
+		context.refresh()
+		
+		assertNotNull(context.getBean<Foo>())
+		assertNotNull(context.getBean<Bar>("bar"))
+		assertTrue(context.isPrototype("bar"))
+		assertNotNull(context.getBean<Baz>())
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	fun `Declare beans using profile condition with the functional Kotlin DSL`() {
+		val beans = beans {
+			bean<Foo>()
+			bean<Bar>("bar")
+			profile("baz") {
+				profile("pp") {
+					bean<Foo>()
+				}
+				bean { Baz(it.ref<Bar>()) }
+				bean { Baz(it.ref("bar")) }
+			}
+		}
+
+		val context = GenericApplicationContext()
+		beans.invoke(context)
+		context.refresh()
+
+		assertNotNull(context.getBean<Foo>())
+		assertNotNull(context.getBean<Bar>("bar"))
+		try { 
+			context.getBean<Baz>()
+			fail("Expect NoSuchBeanDefinitionException to be thrown")
+		}
+		catch(ex: NoSuchBeanDefinitionException) { null }
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	fun `Declare beans using environment condition with the functional Kotlin DSL`() {
+		val beans = beans {
+			bean<Foo>()
+			bean<Bar>("bar")
+			environment({it.activeProfiles.contains("baz")}) {
+				bean { Baz(it.ref()) }
+				bean { Baz(it.ref("bar")) }
+			}
+		}
+
+		val context = GenericApplicationContext()
+		beans.invoke(context)
+		context.refresh()
+
+		assertNotNull(context.getBean<Foo>())
+		assertNotNull(context.getBean<Bar>("bar"))
+		try {
+			context.getBean<Baz>()
+			fail("Expect NoSuchBeanDefinitionException to be thrown")
+		}
+		catch(ex: NoSuchBeanDefinitionException) { null }
+	}
+	
+}
+
+class Foo
+class Bar
+class Baz(val bar: Bar)