What's New in Spring Framework 5.x

This document provides a summary of features and changes in Spring Framework 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3. Also see the Spring Framework 5 FAQ for answers to common questions. Or back to Spring Framework Versions.

What's New in Version 5.3

(currently under development)

General Core Revision

• Upgrade to ASM 9.0 and Kotlin 1.4.
• Support for RxJava 3 in ReactiveAdapterRegistry while support for RxJava 1.x is deprecated.
• Improve GraalVM native support by removing unsupported features from native images.
• A spring.spel.ignore property to remove SpEL support for applications not using it.

Core Container

• Binding support for Java 14/15 record classes and similarly styled constructors/accessors.
• ObjectProvider.ifAvailable/ifUnique explicitly ignores beans from currently inactive scopes.
• Optimized use of pre-sized HashMap, ArrayList and ArrayDeque instances.
• Support for Quartz extensions in CronExpression:
  • the day-of-month field can use L to express the last day of the month, nL to express the nth-to-last day of the month, or nW to express the nearest weekday to day-of-month n.
  • the day-of-week field can use DDDL to express the last day-of-week DDD in the month, or DDD#n to express the nth day-of-week DDD.

Data Access and Transactions

• New spring-r2dbc support module, moving core R2DBC support and the reactive R2dbcTransactionManager into the Spring Framework umbrella.
• New JdbcTransactionManager subclass of DataSourceTransactionManager, adding data access exception translation on commit.
• New DataClassRowMapper for constructor-based binding support, including Kotlin/Lombok data classes and Java 14/15 record classes.
• Support for queryForStream on JdbcTemplate, allowing for lazy iteration over a closeable java.util.stream.Stream.
• Configurable EntityManager/Session initializers on Jpa/HibernateTransactionManager and Local(Container)EntityManagerFactoryBean.
• Transaction definitions may declare custom labels now (for use in custom transaction managers).
• Support for timeout values with ${...} placeholders in transaction definitions.

Spring Messaging

• RSocketRequester support for the new RSocketClient as a result of which an RSocketRequester can be obtained as an instance, i.e. without a Mono wrapper or the need to connect first. A connection is transparently obtained as requests are made including support for reconnecting.
• RSocketRequester support for the new LoadbalanceRSocketClient.
• RSocketRequester support for metadataPush interactions.
• The preservePublishOrder option for STOMP/WebSocket applications now works in combination with send buffer size and time limits.

General Web Revision

• CORS configuration exposes a new allowedOriginPatterns property for declaring a dynamic range of domains via wildcard patterns.
• RequestEntity supports URI templates with variables.
• Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder exposes Consumer<ObjectMapper> option for advanced customizations.
• DataBinder allows switching between direct field and bean property access during initialization. An example scenario is an @ControllerAdvice configuring direct field access by default globally with some controllers overriding that locally, via @InitBinder method, to bean property access.
• A spring.xml.ignore property to remove XML support for applications not using it, including related converters and codecs.

Spring MVC

• Efficient URL matching with parsed PathPattern's in Spring MVC; see "URI Patterns" in the "Web Servlet" section of the documentation.
• UrlPathHelper checks the HttpServletMapping (Servlet 4.0) for a more efficient determination of the application path, see #25100.
• @ControllerAdvice can handle exceptions from any handler type (i.e. not just @Controller but others like HttpRequestHandler, HandlerFunction, etc) as long as it matches the handler mappings set on ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver.
• @ExceptionHandler can target exception causes at any level of nesting.
• ForwardedHeaderFilter updates the remote address/port from "Forwarded For" headers.
• Add missing beans to WebMvcConfigurationSupport in order to make DispatcherServlet.properties (now lazily parsed) not needed for most use cases.
• Support for Kotlin multiplatform serialization (JSON only for now)

Spring WebFlux

• New DefaultPartHttpMessageReader provides a fully reactive message reader that converts a buffer stream into a Flux<Part>
• New PartHttpMessageWriter to write the Flux<Part> received from a client to a remote service.
• New WebClient connector for Apache Http Components.
• WebClient and ClientRequest provide access to the ClientHttpRequest and the native request. This is useful for customizing per-request options specific to the HTTP library.
• Encoder and Decoder implementations for Netty ByteBuf.
• ForwardedHeaderTransformer updates the remote address/port from "Forwarded For" headers.
• @EnableWebFlux enables support for handlers of type WebSocketHandler.
• WebSocketSession provides access to the CloseStatus.
• WebHttpHandlerBuilder option to decorate the entire WebFilter chain at the level of the HttpHandler.
• More efficient direct path lookups for @RequestMapping methods that don't have any patterns or URI variables.
• ClientResponse performance optimizations and mutate() method for efficient changes through a client filter or onStatus handler, see #24680.

Testing

• The Spring TestContext Framework is now built and tested against JUnit Jupiter 5.7, JUnit 4.13.1, and TestNG 7.3.0.
• A PlatformTransactionManager configured via the TransactionManagementConfigurer API now takes precedence over any transaction manager configured as a bean in the ApplicationContext unless @Transactional is configured with a qualifier for the explicit transaction manager to use in tests.
• The spring.test.constructor.autowire.mode property can now be set via a JUnit Platform configuration parameter to change the default @TestConstructor autowiring mode — for example, via the junit-platform.properties file.
• WebTestClient support for performing requests against MockMvc. This enables the possibility to use the same API for MockMvc tests and for full HTTP tests. See the updated section on testing in the reference documentation.
• WebTestClient has improved support for asserting all values of a header.
• Multipart data matchers in the client-side REST test support for the RestTemplate.
• HtmlUnit integration for Spring MVC Test supports file upload parameters.

What's New in Version 5.2

General Core Revision

• Upgrade to ASM 7.1 and Kotlin 1.3.
• Annotation retrieval optimizations:
  • New MergedAnnotations API for efficient sophisticated annotation retrieval checks.
  • Candidate class mechanism for indications about the potential presence of certain annotation types.
• Commons Logging conveniences:
  • LogMessage for first-class message supplier and argument-based formatting support.
  • LogAccessor as a convenient Log alternative with out-of-the-box support for message suppliers.

Core Container

• @Configuration model improvements:
  • Optimized annotation introspection on configuration candidate classes.
  • proxyBeanMethods attribute for @Configuration-demarcated classes in lite mode, i.e. without CGLIB subclasses.
  • Support for annotation detection on factory methods with common ListableBeanFactory retrieval methods: getBeanNamesForAnnotation, getBeansWithAnnotation, findAnnotationOnBean.
• Bean registration with Kotlin DSL using callable reference with autowired parameters.

Transaction Management

• Support for reactive transaction management on Reactive Streams Publishers
  • ReactiveTransactionManager SPI as alternative to PlatformTransactionManager.
  • Programmatic TransactionalOperator as well as @Transactional integration.
• Support for transaction control via Vavr Try return type on @Transactional methods.

General Web Revision

• Complete set of java.time based setters on HttpHeaders, CacheControl, CorsConfiguration.
• @RequestMapping has enhanced produces condition support such that if a media type is declared with a specific parameter, and the requested media types (e.g. from "Accept" header) also has that parameter, the parameter values must match. This can be used for example to differentiate methods producing ATOM feeds "application/atom+xml;type=feed" vs ATOM entries "application/atom+xml;type=entry".
• CORS revision that adds Vary header for non CORS requests on CORS enabled endpoints and avoid considering same-origin requests with an Origin header as a CORS request.
• Upgrade to Jackson 2.10

Spring Web MVC

• New "WebMvc.fn" programming model, analogous to the existing "WebFlux.fn":
  • A functional alternative to annotated controllers built on the Servlet API.
  • WebMvc.fn Kotlin DSL.
• Request mapping performance optimizations through caching of the lookup path per HandlerMapping, and pre-computing frequently used data in RequestCondition implementations.
• Improved, compact logging of request mappings on startup.

Spring WebFlux

• Refinements to WebClient API to make the retrieve() method useful for most common cases, specifically adding the ability to retrieve status and headers and addition to the body. The exchange() method is only for genuinely advanced cases, and when using it, applications can now rely on ClientResponse#createException to simplify selective handling of exceptions.
• Configurable limits on input stream processing in all Decoder and HttpMessageReader implementations, with maxInMemorySize set to 256K by default. See WebFlux reference for details.
• Support for Kotlin Coroutines.
• Server and client now use Reactor checkpoints to insert information about the request URL being processed,sce or the handler used, that is then inserted into exceptions and logged below the exception stacktrace.
• Request mapping performance optimizations through pre-computing frequently used data in RequestCondition implementations.
• Header management performance optimizations by wrapping rather than copying server headers, and caching parsed representations of media types. Available from 5.1.1, see issue #21783 and commits under "Issue Links".
• Improved, compact logging of request mappings on startup.
• Add ServerWebExchangeContextFilter to expose the Reactor Context as an exchange attribute.
• Add FreeMarker macros support.
• MultipartBodyBuilder improvements to allow Publisher and Part as input along with option to specify the filename to use for a part.

Spring Messaging

• RSocket support:
  • Response handling via annotated @MessageMapping methods.
  • Performing requests via RSocketRequester with encoding and decoding to and from higher-level objects.
  • Support for Kotlin Coroutines.

Testing

• JUnit Jupiter 5.5.2 support.
• New @TestConstructor annotation and spring.test.constructor.autowire.mode JVM system property for configuring the autowiring mode for test constructors when using JUnit Jupiter.
• Support for built-in test execution events.
• @TestPropertySource can now be used as a repeatable annotation.
• Class-level and method-level @Sql declarations can now be merged.
• @SqlConfig now supports multiple comment prefixes for scripts configured via @Sql.
• Enhancements to the TestContext API:
  • New hasApplicationContext() method to determine if the application context for the current test is known to be available.
  • New publishEvent() method for simplified ApplicationEvent publication.
• Improved support for setting cookie headers in MockHttpServletResponse.
• MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath() now supports a target type.
• MockMvc Kotlin DSL
• New headerDoesNotExist() method in MockRestServiceServer to verify that a header does not exist.
• ReflectionTestUtils supports the invocation of static methods via new invokeMethod() variants.

Documentation

• Code samples in the reference documentation are now provided in Kotlin in addition to Java

To see all changes, please check the release notes for individual milestones:

• 5.2 GA
• 5.2 RC2
• 5.2 RC1
• 5.2 M3
• 5.2 M2
• 5.2 M1

What's New in Version 5.1

General Core Revision

• Infrastructure:
  • Warning-free support for JDK 11 on the classpath and the module path.
  • Support for Graal native image constraints (reflection, parameter names).
  • Upgrade to Reactor Core 3.2 and Reactor Netty 0.8 ("Reactor Californium").
  • Upgrade to ASM 7.0 and CGLIB 3.2.8.
• Core facilities:
  • NIO.2 Path support in FileSystemResource (superseding PathResource).
  • Performance improvements for core type and annotation resolution.
  • Consistent detection of method annotations on generic interfaces.
• Logging revision:
  • Spring's JCL bridge can be detected by standard Commons Logging.
  • Less noise on info, readable debug logs, details at trace level.

Core Container

• Bean definitions:
  • Support for logical and/or expressions in @Profile conditions.
  • Consistent (non-)detection of nested configuration classes.
  • Refined Kotlin beans DSL.
    • Unique implicit bean names for multiple beans of same type.
• Bean retrieval:
  • Consistent non-exposure of null beans in the BeanFactory API.
  • Programmatic ObjectProvider retrieval through the BeanFactory API.
  • ObjectProvider iterable/stream access for beans-of-type resolution.
  • Empty collection/map/array injection in single constructor scenarios.

General Web Revision

• Controller parameter annotations get detected on interfaces as well:
  • Allowing for complete mapping contracts in controller interfaces.
• Support for stricter encoding of URI variables in UriComponentsBuilder:
  • See updated "URI Encoding" in the reference.
• Servlet requests params with HTTP PUT, PATCH, and DELETE:
  • See "Form Data".

Spring Web MVC

• Logging
  • Improved, human-friendly, compact, DEBUG and TRACE logging.
  • Control over DEBUG logging of potentially sensitive data.
    • via DispatcherServlet#enableLoggingRequestDetails
• Updated web locale representation:
  • Language tag compliant by default.
  • CookieLocaleResolver sends RFC6265-compliant timezone cookies.
• Specific MVC exceptions for missing header, cookie, path variable:
  • Allowing for differentiated exception handling and status codes.
• Externally configured base path for sets of annotated controllers.
• Centralized handling of "forwarded" type headers via ForwardedHeaderFilter:
  • Please see important upgrade note.
• Support for serving Brotli, in addition to GZip, pre-encoded static resources.

Spring WebFlux

• HTTP/2 server support when running with Reactor Netty 0.8.
• Logging
  • Improved, human-friendly, compact, DEBUG and TRACE logging.
  • Correlated log messages for HTTP requests and WebSocket sessions.
  • Control over DEBUG logging of potentially sensitive data.
    • via CodecConfigurer#defaultCodecs
• Configurable limits on input stream processing in all Decoder and HttpMessageReader implementations, which by default are not set in 5.1 with the exception of FormHttpMessageReader which does limit input to 256K. Note that in 5.2 maxInMemorySize property for all codecs is set to 256K.
• Session cookies now have SameSite=Lax to protect against CSRF attacks:
  • See OWASP page and this article.
• Cookies are no longer adapted to cookie objects from the underlying server API, and are instead written to the Set-Cookie header directly because most servers don't support sameSite. This change includes validations to cookie attribute values that may differ slightly from similar validations previously applied by the server. The validations however do conform to the syntax from RFC 6265, section 4.1. See #23693.
• DSL enhancements:
  • DSL-style builder for RouterFunction without static imports (sample).
  • Refined Kotlin router DSL.
• Externally configured base path for sets of annotated controllers.
• Third-party integration:
  • Support for Protobuf serialization, including message streaming.
  • WebClient connector for the Jetty reactive HTTP Client.
• WebSocket:
  • Support for WebSocketSession attributes.
  • Improve docs on reactive WebSocket API handling.
• Support for serving Brotli, in addition to GZip, pre-encoded static resources.

Spring Messaging

• Support for reactive clients in @MessageMapping methods:
  • Out-of-the-box support for Reactor and RxJava return values.
• Option to preserve publication order of messages by STOMP broker.
• @SendTo and @SendToUser can both be used on controller method.
• Improved docs on handling of messages and subscriptions.

Spring ORM

• Support for Hibernate ORM 5.3:
  • Bean container integration with Hibernate's new SPI.
• LocalSessionFactoryBean and HibernateTransactionManager support JPA interaction:
  • Allowing for native Hibernate as well as JPA access within the same transaction.
• Read-only transactions do not retain Hibernate entity snapshots in memory anymore:
  • Session.setDefaultReadOnly(true) by default.
• SAP HANA as a common JpaVendorAdapter database platform.

Testing

• Hamcrest and XML assertions in WebTestClient.
• MockServerWebExchange can be configured with fixed WebSession.

What's New in Version 5.0

JDK 8+ and Java EE 7+ Baseline

• Entire framework codebase based on Java 8 source code level now.
  • Improved readability through inferred generics, lambdas, etc.
  • Conditional support for Java 8 features now in straight code.
• Full compatibility with JDK 9 for development and deployment.
  • On classpath as well as module path (with stable automatic module names).
  • Framework build and test suite passes on JDK 9 (runs on JDK 8 by default).
• Java EE 7 API level required in Spring's corresponding features now.
  • Servlet 3.1, Bean Validation 1.1, JPA 2.1, JMS 2.0
  • Recent servers: e.g. Tomcat 8.5+, Jetty 9.4+, WildFly 10+
• Compatibility with Java EE 8 API level at runtime.
  • Servlet 4.0, Bean Validation 2.0, JPA 2.2, JSON Binding API 1.0
  • Tested against Tomcat 9.0, Hibernate Validator 6.0, Apache Johnzon 1.1

Removed Packages, Classes and Methods

• Package beans.factory.access (BeanFactoryLocator mechanism).
• Package jdbc.support.nativejdbc (NativeJdbcExtractor mechanism).
• Package mock.staticmock removed from spring-aspects module.
  • No support for AnnotationDrivenStaticEntityMockingControl anymore.
• Packages web.view.tiles2 and orm.hibernate3/hibernate4 dropped.
  • Minimum requirement: Tiles 3 and Hibernate 5 now.
• Dropped support: Portlet, Velocity, JasperReports, XMLBeans, JDO, Guava.
  • Recommendation: Stay on Spring Framework 4.3.x for those if needed.
• Many deprecated classes and methods removed across the codebase.
  • A few compromises made for commonly used methods in the ecosystem.

General Core Revision

• JDK 8+ enhancements:
  • Efficient method parameter access based on Java 8 reflection enhancements.
  • Selective declarations of Java 8 default methods in core Spring interfaces.
  • Consistent use of JDK 7 Charset and StandardCharsets enhancements.
• JDK 9 compatibility:
  • Avoiding JDK APIs which are deprecated in JDK 9 wherever possible.
  • Consistent instantiation via constructors (with revised exception handling).
  • Defensive use of reflection against core JDK classes.
• Non-null API declaration at the package level:
  • Nullable arguments, fields and return values explicitly annotated with @Nullable.
  • Primarily for use with IntelliJ IDEA and Kotlin, but also Eclipse and FindBugs.
  • Some Spring APIs are not tolerating null values anymore (e.g. in StringUtils).
• Resource abstraction provides isFile indicator for defensive getFile access.
  • Also features NIO-based readableChannel accessor in the Resource interface.
  • File system access via NIO.2 streams (no FileInput/OutputStream used anymore).
• Spring Framework 5.0 comes with its own Commons Logging bridge out of the box:
  • spring-jcl instead of standard Commons Logging; still excludable/overridable.
  • Autodetecting Log4j 2.x, SLF4J, JUL (java.util.logging) without any extra bridges.
• spring-core comes with ASM 6.0 (next to CGLIB 3.2.5 and Objenesis 2.6).

Core Container

• Support for any @Nullable annotations as indicators for optional injection points.
• Functional style on GenericApplicationContext/AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
  • Supplier-based bean registration API with bean definition customizer callbacks.
• Consistent detection of transaction, caching, async annotations on interface methods.
  • In case of CGLIB proxies.
• XML configuration namespaces streamlined towards unversioned schemas.
  • Always resolved against latest xsd files; no support for deprecated features.
  • Version-specific declarations still supported but validated against latest schema.
• Support for candidate component index (as alternative to classpath scanning).

Spring Web MVC

• Full Servlet 3.1 signature support in Spring-provided Filter implementations.
• Support for Servlet 4.0 PushBuilder argument in Spring MVC controller methods.
• MaxUploadSizeExceededException for Servlet 3.0 multipart parsing on common servers.
• Unified support for common media types through MediaTypeFactory delegate.
  • Superseding use of the Java Activation Framework.
• Data binding with immutable objects (Kotlin / Lombok / @ConstructorProperties)
• Support for the JSON Binding API (with Eclipse Yasson or Apache Johnzon as an alternative to Jackson and GSON).
• Support for Jackson 2.9.
• Support for Protobuf 3.
• Support for Reactor 3.1 Flux and Mono as well as RxJava 1.3 and 2.1 as return values from Spring MVC controller methods targeting use of the new reactive WebClient (see below) or Spring Data Reactive repositories in Spring MVC controllers.
• New ParsingPathMatcher alternative to AntPathMatcher with more efficient parsing and extended syntax.
• @ExceptionHandler methods allow RedirectAttributes arguments (and therefore flash attributes).
• Support for ResponseStatusException as a programmatic alternative to @ResponseStatus.
• Support script engines that do not implement Invocable via direct rendering of the script provided using ScriptEngine#eval(String, Bindings), and also i18n and nested templates in ScriptTemplateView via the new RenderingContext parameter.
• Spring's FreeMarker macros (spring.ftl) use HTML output formatting now (requiring FreeMarker 2.3.24+).

Spring WebFlux

• New spring-webflux module, an alternative to spring-webmvc built on a reactive foundation -- fully asynchronous and non-blocking, intended for use in an event-loop execution model vs traditional large thread pool with thread-per-request execution model.
• Reactive infrastructure in spring-core such as Encoder and Decoder for encoding and decoding streams of Objects; DataBuffer abstraction, e.g. for using Java ByteBuffer or Netty ByteBuf; ReactiveAdapterRegistry for transparent support of reactive libraries in controller method signatures.
• Reactive infrastructure in spring-web including HttpMessageReader and HttpMessageWriter that build on and delegate to Encoder and Decoder; server HttpHandler with adapters to (non-blocking) runtimes such as Servlet 3.1+ containers, Netty, and Undertow; WebFilter, WebHandler and other non-blocking contract alternatives to Servlet API equivalents.
• @Controller style, annotation-based, programming model, similar to Spring MVC, but supported in WebFlux, running on a reactive stack, e.g. capable of supporting reactive types as controller method arguments, never blocking on I/O, respecting backpressure all the way to the HTTP socket, and running on extra, non-Servlet containers such as Netty and Undertow.
• New functional programming model ("WebFlux.fn") as an alternative to the @Controller, annotation-based, programming model -- minimal and transparent with an endpoint routing API, running on the same reactive stack and WebFlux infrastructure.
• New WebClient with a functional and reactive API for HTTP calls, comparable to the RestTemplate but through a fluent API and also excelling in non-blocking and streaming scenarios based on WebFlux infrastructure; in 5.0 the AsyncRestTemplate is deprecated in favor of the WebClient.

Kotlin support

• Null-safe API when using Kotlin 1.1.50 or higher.
• Support for Kotlin immutable classes with optional parameters and default values.
• Functional bean definition Kotlin DSL.
• Functional routing Kotlin DSL for WebFlux.
• Leveraging Kotlin reified type parameters to avoid specifying explicitly the Class to use for serialization/deserialization in various APIs like RestTemplate or WebFlux APIs.
• Kotlin null-safety support for @Autowired/@Inject and @RequestParam/@RequestHeader/etc annotations in order to determine if an injection point or handler method parameter is required or not.
• Kotlin script support in ScriptTemplateView for both Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux.
• Array-like setters added to Model, ModelMap and Environment.
• Support for Kotlin autowired constructor with optional parameters.
• Kotlin reflection is used to determine interface method parameters.

Testing Improvements

• Complete support for JUnit 5's Jupiter programming and extension models in the Spring TestContext Framework.
  • SpringExtension: an implementation of multiple extension APIs from JUnit Jupiter that provides full support for the existing feature set of the Spring TestContext Framework. This support is enabled via @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class).
  • @SpringJUnitConfig: a composed annotation that combines @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) from JUnit Jupiter with @ContextConfiguration from the Spring TestContext Framework.
  • @SpringJUnitWebConfig: a composed annotation that combines @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) from JUnit Jupiter with @ContextConfiguration and @WebAppConfiguration from the Spring TestContext Framework.
  • @EnabledIf: signals that the annotated test class or test method is enabled if the supplied SpEL expression or property placeholder evaluates to true.
  • @DisabledIf: signals that the annotated test class or test method is disabled if the supplied SpEL expression or property placeholder evaluates to true.
• Support for parallel test execution in the Spring TestContext Framework.
• New before and after test execution callbacks in the Spring TestContext Framework with support for TestNG, JUnit 5, and JUnit 4 via the SpringRunner (but not via JUnit 4 rules).
  • New beforeTestExecution() and afterTestExecution() callbacks in the TestExecutionListener API and TestContextManager.
• MockHttpServletRequest now has getContentAsByteArray() and getContentAsString() methods for accessing the content (i.e., request body).
• The print() and log() methods in Spring MVC Test now print the request body if the character encoding has been set in the mock request.
• The redirectedUrl() and forwardedUrl() methods in Spring MVC Test now support URI templates with variable expansion.
• XMLUnit support upgraded to 2.3.