Sanic Security

An async security library for the Sanic framework.

Table of Contents

• About the Project
• Getting Started
  • Prerequisites
  • Installation
  • Configuration
• Usage
  • Authentication
  • CAPTCHA
  • Two-step Verification
  • Authorization
  • Testing
  • Tortoise
• Contributing
• License
• Versioning
• Support

About The Project

Sanic Security is an authentication, authorization, and verification library designed for use with the Sanic framework.

• Login, registration, and authentication with refresh mechanisms
• Role based authorization with wildcard permissions
• Image & audio CAPTCHA
• Two-factor authentication
• Two-step verification
• Logging & auditing

Visit security.na-stewart.com for documentation.

Getting Started

In order to get started, please install PyPI.

Installation

• Install the Sanic Security pip package.

pip3 install sanic-security

• Install the Sanic Security pip package with the cryptography dependency included.

If you are planning on encoding or decoding JWTs using certain digital signature algorithms (like RSA or ECDSA which use the public secret and private secret), you will need to install the cryptography library. This can be installed explicitly, or as an extra requirement.

pip3 install sanic-security[crypto]

• Update sanic-security if already installed.

pip3 install sanic-security --upgrade

Configuration

Sanic Security configuration is merely an object that can be modified either using dot-notation or like a dictionary.

For example:

from sanic_security.configuration import config

config.SECRET = "This is a big secret. Shhhhh"
config["CAPTCHA_FONT"] = "./resources/captcha-font.ttf"

You can also use the update() method like on regular dictionaries.

Any environment variables defined with the SANIC_SECURITY_ prefix will be applied to the config. For example, setting SANIC_SECURITY_SECRET will be loaded by the application automatically and fed into the SECRET config variable.

You can load environment variables with a different prefix via config.load_environment_variables("NEW_PREFIX_") method.

• Default configuration values:

Key	Value	Description
SECRET	This is a big secret. Shhhhh	The secret used for generating and signing JWTs. This should be a string unique to your application. Keep it safe.
PUBLIC_SECRET	None	The secret used for verifying and decoding JWTs and can be publicly shared. This should be a string unique to your application.
SESSION_SAMESITE	Strict	The SameSite attribute of session cookies.
SESSION_SECURE	True	The Secure attribute of session cookies.
SESSION_HTTPONLY	True	The HttpOnly attribute of session cookies. HIGHLY recommended that you do not turn this off, unless you know what you are doing.
SESSION_DOMAIN	None	The Domain attribute of session cookies.
SESSION_ENCODING_ALGORITHM	HS256	The algorithm used to encode and decode session JWT's.
SESSION_PREFIX	tkn	Prefix attached to the beginning of session cookies.
MAX_CHALLENGE_ATTEMPTS	5	The maximum amount of session challenge attempts allowed.
CAPTCHA_SESSION_EXPIRATION	60	The amount of seconds till captcha session expiration on creation. Setting to 0 will disable expiration.
CAPTCHA_FONT	captcha-font.ttf	The file path to the font being used for captcha generation. Several fonts can be used by separating them via comma.
CAPTCHA_VOICE	captcha-voice/	The directory of the voice library being used for audio captcha generation.
TWO_STEP_SESSION_EXPIRATION	200	The amount of seconds till two-step session expiration on creation. Setting to 0 will disable expiration.
AUTHENTICATION_SESSION_EXPIRATION	86400	The amount of seconds till authentication session expiration on creation. Setting to 0 will disable expiration.
AUTHENTICATION_REFRESH_EXPIRATION	604800	The amount of seconds till authentication refresh expiration. Setting to 0 will disable refresh mechanism.
ALLOW_LOGIN_WITH_USERNAME	False	Allows login via username; unique constraint is disabled when set to false.
INITIAL_ADMIN_EMAIL	admin@example.com	Email used when creating the initial admin account.
INITIAL_ADMIN_PASSWORD	admin123	Password used when creating the initial admin account.

Usage

Sanic Security's authentication and verification functionality is session based. A new session will be created for the user after the user logs in or requests some form of verification (two-step, captcha). The session data is then encoded into a JWT and stored on a cookie on the user’s browser. The session cookie is then sent along with every subsequent request. The server can then compare the session stored on the cookie against the session information stored in the database to verify user’s identity and send a response with the corresponding state.

• Initialize sanic-security as follows:

initialize_security(app)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, workers=1, debug=True)

The tables in the below examples represent example request form-data.

Authentication

• Registration (With two-step account verification)

Phone can be null or empty.

Key	Value
username	example
email	example@example.com
phone	19811354186
password	examplepass

@app.post("api/security/register")
async def on_register(request):
    account = await register(request)
    two_step_session = await request_two_step_verification(request, account)
    await email_code(
        account.email, two_step_session.code  # Code = 24KF19
    )  # Custom method for emailing verification code.
    response = json(
        "Registration successful! Email verification required.", account.json
    )
    two_step_session.encode(response)
    return response

• Verify Account

Verifies the client's account via two-step session code.

Key	Value
code	24KF19

@app.put("api/security/verify")
async def on_verify(request):
    two_step_session = await verify_account(request)
    return json(
        "You have verified your account and may login!", two_step_session.bearer.json
    )

• Login (With two-factor authentication)

Credentials are retrieved via header are constructed by first combining the username and the password with a colon (aladdin:opensesame), and then by encoding the resulting string in base64 (YWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuc2VzYW1l). Here is an example authorization header: Authorization: Basic YWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuc2VzYW1l. You can use a username as well as an email for login if ALLOW_LOGIN_WITH_USERNAME is true in the config.

@app.post("api/security/login")
async def on_login(request):
    authentication_session = await login(request, require_second_factor=True)
    two_step_session = await request_two_step_verification(
        request, authentication_session.bearer
    )
    await email_code(
        authentication_session.bearer.email, two_step_session.code  # Code = XGED2U
    )  # Custom method for emailing verification code.
    response = json(
        "Login successful! Two-factor authentication required.",
        authentication_session.bearer.json,
    )
    authentication_session.encode(response)
    two_step_session.encode(response)
    return response

If this isn't desired, you can pass an account and password attempt directly into the login method instead.

• Fulfill Second Factor

Fulfills client authentication session's second factor requirement via two-step session code.

Key	Value
code	XGED2U

@app.put("api/security/fulfill-2fa")
async def on_two_factor_authentication(request):
    authentication_session = await fulfill_second_factor(request)
    response = json(
        "Authentication session second-factor fulfilled! You are now authenticated.",
        authentication_session.bearer.json,
    )
    return response

• Anonymous Login

Simply create a new session and encode it.

@app.post("api/security/login/anon")
async def on_anonymous_login(request):
    authentication_session = await AuthenticationSession.new(request)
    response = json(
        "Anonymous client now associated with session!", authentication_session.json
    )
    authentication_session.encode(response)
    return response

• Logout

@app.post("api/security/logout")
async def on_logout(request):
    authentication_session = await logout(request)
    return json("Logout successful!", authentication_session.json)

• Authenticate

@app.post("api/security/auth")
async def on_authenticate(request):
    authentication_session = await authenticate(request)
    response = json(
        "You have been authenticated.",
        authentication_session.json,
    )
    return response

• Requires Authentication (This method is not called directly and instead used as a decorator)

@app.post("api/security/auth")
@requires_authentication
async def on_authenticate(request):
    response = json("You have been authenticated.", request.ctx.session.json)
    return response

CAPTCHA

Protects against spam and malicious activities by ensuring that only real humans can complete certain actions like submitting a form or creating an account. A font and voice library for CAPTCHA challenges is included in the repository, or you can download/create your own and specify its path in the configuration.

• Request CAPTCHA

@app.get("api/security/captcha")
async def on_captcha_img_request(request):
    captcha_session = await request_captcha(request)
    response = captcha_session.get_image()  # Captcha: LJ0F3U
    captcha_session.encode(response)
    return response

• Request CAPTCHA Audio

@app.get("api/security/captcha/audio")
async def on_captcha_audio_request(request):
    captcha_session = await CaptchaSession.decode(request)
    return captcha_session.get_audio()  # Captcha: LJ0F3U

• Attempt CAPTCHA

Key	Value
captcha	LJ0F3U

@app.post("api/security/captcha")
async def on_captcha(request):
    captcha_session = await captcha(request)
    return json("Captcha attempt successful!", captcha_session.json)

• Requires CAPTCHA (This method is not called directly and instead used as a decorator)

Key	Value
captcha	LJ0F3U

@app.post("api/security/captcha")
@requires_captcha
async def on_captcha(request):
    return json("Captcha attempt successful!", request.ctx.session.json)

Two-step Verification

Two-step verification should be integrated with other custom functionalities, such as account verification during registration.

• Request Two-step Verification

Key	Value
email	example@example.com

@app.post("api/security/two-step/request")
async def on_two_step_request(request):
    two_step_session = await request_two_step_verification(request)  # Code = T2I58I
    await email_code(
        two_step_session.bearer.email, two_step_session.code
    )  # Custom method for emailing verification code.
    response = json("Verification request successful!", two_step_session.json)
    two_step_session.encode(response)
    return response

• Resend Two-step Verification Code

@app.post("api/security/two-step/resend")
async def on_two_step_resend(request):
    two_step_session = await TwoStepSession.decode(request)  # Code = T2I58I
    await email_code(
        two_step_session.bearer.email, two_step_session.code
    )  # Custom method for emailing verification code.
    return json("Verification code resend successful!", two_step_session.json)

• Attempt Two-step Verification

Key	Value
code	T2I58I

@app.post("api/security/two-step")
async def on_two_step_verification(request):
    two_step_session = await two_step_verification(request)
    response = json("Two-step verification attempt successful!", two_step_session.json)
    return response

• Requires Two-step Verification (This method is not called directly and instead used as a decorator)

Key	Value
code	T2I58I

@app.post("api/security/two-step")
@requires_two_step_verification
async def on_two_step_verification(request):
    response = json(
        "Two-step verification attempt successful!", request.ctx.session.json
    )
    return response

Authorization

Sanic Security uses role based authorization with wildcard permissions.

Roles are created for various job functions. The permissions to perform certain operations are assigned to specific roles. Users are assigned particular roles, and through those role assignments acquire the permissions needed to perform particular system functions. Since users are not assigned permissions directly, but only acquire them through their role (or roles), management of individual user rights becomes a matter of simply assigning appropriate roles to the user's account; this simplifies common operations, such as adding a user, or changing a user's department.

Wildcard permissions support the concept of multiple levels or parts. For example, you could grant a user the permission printer:query, printer:query,delete, or printer:*.

• Assign Role

await assign_role(
    "Chat Room Moderator",
    account,
    "channels:view,delete, voice:*, account:suspend,mute",
    "Can read and delete messages in all chat rooms, suspend and mute accounts, and control voice chat.",
)

• Check Permissions

@app.post("api/security/perms")
async def on_check_perms(request):
    authentication_session = await check_permissions(
        request, "channels:view", "voice:*"
    )
    return text("Account is authorized.")

• Require Permissions (This method is not called directly and instead used as a decorator.)

@app.post("api/security/perms")
@require_permissions("channels:view", "voice:*")
async def on_check_perms(request):
    return text("Account is authorized.")

• Check Roles

@app.post("api/security/roles")
async def on_check_roles(request):
    authentication_session = await check_roles(request, "Chat Room Moderator")
    return text("Account is authorized.")

• Require Roles (This method is not called directly and instead used as a decorator)

@app.post("api/security/roles")
@require_roles("Chat Room Moderator")
async def on_check_roles(request):
    return text("Account is authorized.")

Testing

• Set the TEST_DATABASE_URL configuration value.

• Make sure the test Sanic instance (test/server.py) is running on your machine.

• Run the test client (test/tests.py) for results.

Tortoise

Sanic Security uses Tortoise ORM for database operations.

Tortoise ORM is an easy-to-use asyncio ORM (Object Relational Mapper).

• Initialise your models and database like so:

async def init():
    await Tortoise.init(
        db_url="sqlite://db.sqlite3",
        modules={"models": ["sanic_security.models", "app.models"]},
    )
    await Tortoise.generate_schemas()

or

register_tortoise(
    app,
    db_url="sqlite://db.sqlite3",
    modules={"models": ["sanic_security.models", "app.models"]},
    generate_schemas=True,
)

• Define your models like so:

from tortoise.models import Model
from tortoise import fields


class Tournament(Model):
    id = fields.IntField(pk=True)
    name = fields.TextField()

• Use it like so:

# Create instance by save
tournament = Tournament(name="New Tournament")
await tournament.save()

# Or by .create()
await Tournament.create(name="Another Tournament")

# Now search for a record
tour = await Tournament.filter(name__contains="Another").first()
print(tour.name)

Contributing

Contributions are what make the open source community such an amazing place to be learn, inspire, and create. Any contributions you make are greatly appreciated.

1. Fork the Project
2. Create your Feature Branch (git checkout -b feature/AmazingFeature)
3. Commit your Changes (git commit -m 'Add some AmazingFeature')
4. Push to the Branch (git push origin feature/AmazingFeature)
5. Open a Pull Request

License

Distributed under the MIT License. See LICENSE for more information.

Versioning

0.0.0

• MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes.

• MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards compatible manner.

• PATCH version when you make backwards compatible bug fixes.

https://semver.org/