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specialize.c
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#include "Python.h"
#include "pycore_code.h"
#include "pycore_dict.h"
#include "pycore_function.h" // _PyFunction_GetVersionForCurrentState()
#include "pycore_global_strings.h" // _Py_ID()
#include "pycore_long.h"
#include "pycore_moduleobject.h"
#include "pycore_object.h"
#include "pycore_opcode.h" // _PyOpcode_Caches
#include "structmember.h" // struct PyMemberDef, T_OFFSET_EX
#include <stdlib.h> // rand()
/* For guidance on adding or extending families of instructions see
* ./adaptive.md
*/
/* Map from opcode to adaptive opcode.
Values of zero are ignored. */
uint8_t _PyOpcode_Adaptive[256] = {
[LOAD_ATTR] = LOAD_ATTR_ADAPTIVE,
[LOAD_GLOBAL] = LOAD_GLOBAL_ADAPTIVE,
[LOAD_METHOD] = LOAD_METHOD_ADAPTIVE,
[BINARY_SUBSCR] = BINARY_SUBSCR_ADAPTIVE,
[STORE_SUBSCR] = STORE_SUBSCR_ADAPTIVE,
[CALL] = CALL_ADAPTIVE,
[STORE_ATTR] = STORE_ATTR_ADAPTIVE,
[BINARY_OP] = BINARY_OP_ADAPTIVE,
[COMPARE_OP] = COMPARE_OP_ADAPTIVE,
[UNPACK_SEQUENCE] = UNPACK_SEQUENCE_ADAPTIVE,
};
Py_ssize_t _Py_QuickenedCount = 0;
#ifdef Py_STATS
PyStats _py_stats = { 0 };
#define ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, field) \
do { \
PyObject *val = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(stats->field); \
if (val == NULL) { \
Py_DECREF(res); \
return NULL; \
} \
if (PyDict_SetItemString(res, #field, val) == -1) { \
Py_DECREF(res); \
Py_DECREF(val); \
return NULL; \
} \
Py_DECREF(val); \
} while(0);
static PyObject*
stats_to_dict(SpecializationStats *stats)
{
PyObject *res = PyDict_New();
if (res == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, success);
ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, failure);
ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, hit);
ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, deferred);
ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, miss);
ADD_STAT_TO_DICT(res, deopt);
PyObject *failure_kinds = PyTuple_New(SPECIALIZATION_FAILURE_KINDS);
if (failure_kinds == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(res);
return NULL;
}
for (int i = 0; i < SPECIALIZATION_FAILURE_KINDS; i++) {
PyObject *stat = PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(stats->failure_kinds[i]);
if (stat == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(res);
Py_DECREF(failure_kinds);
return NULL;
}
PyTuple_SET_ITEM(failure_kinds, i, stat);
}
if (PyDict_SetItemString(res, "failure_kinds", failure_kinds)) {
Py_DECREF(res);
Py_DECREF(failure_kinds);
return NULL;
}
Py_DECREF(failure_kinds);
return res;
}
#undef ADD_STAT_TO_DICT
static int
add_stat_dict(
PyObject *res,
int opcode,
const char *name) {
SpecializationStats *stats = &_py_stats.opcode_stats[opcode].specialization;
PyObject *d = stats_to_dict(stats);
if (d == NULL) {
return -1;
}
int err = PyDict_SetItemString(res, name, d);
Py_DECREF(d);
return err;
}
#ifdef Py_STATS
PyObject*
_Py_GetSpecializationStats(void) {
PyObject *stats = PyDict_New();
if (stats == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
int err = 0;
err += add_stat_dict(stats, LOAD_ATTR, "load_attr");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, LOAD_GLOBAL, "load_global");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, LOAD_METHOD, "load_method");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, BINARY_SUBSCR, "binary_subscr");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, STORE_SUBSCR, "store_subscr");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, STORE_ATTR, "store_attr");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, CALL, "call");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, BINARY_OP, "binary_op");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, COMPARE_OP, "compare_op");
err += add_stat_dict(stats, UNPACK_SEQUENCE, "unpack_sequence");
if (err < 0) {
Py_DECREF(stats);
return NULL;
}
return stats;
}
#endif
#define PRINT_STAT(i, field) \
if (stats[i].field) { \
fprintf(out, " opcode[%d]." #field " : %" PRIu64 "\n", i, stats[i].field); \
}
static void
print_spec_stats(FILE *out, OpcodeStats *stats)
{
/* Mark some opcodes as specializable for stats,
* even though we don't specialize them yet. */
fprintf(out, "opcode[%d].specializable : 1\n", FOR_ITER);
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
if (_PyOpcode_Adaptive[i]) {
fprintf(out, "opcode[%d].specializable : 1\n", i);
}
PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.success);
PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.failure);
PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.hit);
PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.deferred);
PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.miss);
PRINT_STAT(i, specialization.deopt);
PRINT_STAT(i, execution_count);
for (int j = 0; j < SPECIALIZATION_FAILURE_KINDS; j++) {
uint64_t val = stats[i].specialization.failure_kinds[j];
if (val) {
fprintf(out, " opcode[%d].specialization.failure_kinds[%d] : %"
PRIu64 "\n", i, j, val);
}
}
for(int j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
if (stats[i].pair_count[j]) {
fprintf(out, "opcode[%d].pair_count[%d] : %" PRIu64 "\n",
i, j, stats[i].pair_count[j]);
}
}
}
}
#undef PRINT_STAT
static void
print_call_stats(FILE *out, CallStats *stats)
{
fprintf(out, "Calls to PyEval_EvalDefault: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->pyeval_calls);
fprintf(out, "Calls to Python functions inlined: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->inlined_py_calls);
fprintf(out, "Frames pushed: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->frames_pushed);
fprintf(out, "Frame objects created: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->frame_objects_created);
for (int i = 0; i < EVAL_CALL_KINDS; i++) {
fprintf(out, "Calls via PyEval_EvalFrame[%d] : %" PRIu64 "\n", i, stats->eval_calls[i]);
}
}
static void
print_object_stats(FILE *out, ObjectStats *stats)
{
fprintf(out, "Object allocations from freelist: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->from_freelist);
fprintf(out, "Object frees to freelist: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->to_freelist);
fprintf(out, "Object allocations: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->allocations);
fprintf(out, "Object allocations to 512 bytes: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->allocations512);
fprintf(out, "Object allocations to 4 kbytes: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->allocations4k);
fprintf(out, "Object allocations over 4 kbytes: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->allocations_big);
fprintf(out, "Object frees: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->frees);
fprintf(out, "Object new values: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->new_values);
fprintf(out, "Object interpreter increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_increfs);
fprintf(out, "Object interpreter decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->interpreter_decrefs);
fprintf(out, "Object increfs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->increfs);
fprintf(out, "Object decrefs: %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->decrefs);
fprintf(out, "Object materialize dict (on request): %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->dict_materialized_on_request);
fprintf(out, "Object materialize dict (new key): %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->dict_materialized_new_key);
fprintf(out, "Object materialize dict (too big): %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->dict_materialized_too_big);
fprintf(out, "Object materialize dict (str subclass): %" PRIu64 "\n", stats->dict_materialized_str_subclass);
}
static void
print_stats(FILE *out, PyStats *stats) {
print_spec_stats(out, stats->opcode_stats);
print_call_stats(out, &stats->call_stats);
print_object_stats(out, &stats->object_stats);
}
void
_Py_PrintSpecializationStats(int to_file)
{
FILE *out = stderr;
if (to_file) {
/* Write to a file instead of stderr. */
# ifdef MS_WINDOWS
const char *dirname = "c:\\temp\\py_stats\\";
# else
const char *dirname = "/tmp/py_stats/";
# endif
/* Use random 160 bit number as file name,
* to avoid both accidental collisions and
* symlink attacks. */
unsigned char rand[20];
char hex_name[41];
_PyOS_URandomNonblock(rand, 20);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
hex_name[2*i] = "0123456789abcdef"[rand[i]&15];
hex_name[2*i+1] = "0123456789abcdef"[(rand[i]>>4)&15];
}
hex_name[40] = '\0';
char buf[64];
assert(strlen(dirname) + 40 + strlen(".txt") < 64);
sprintf(buf, "%s%s.txt", dirname, hex_name);
FILE *fout = fopen(buf, "w");
if (fout) {
out = fout;
}
}
else {
fprintf(out, "Specialization stats:\n");
}
print_stats(out, &_py_stats);
if (out != stderr) {
fclose(out);
}
}
#ifdef Py_STATS
#define SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, kind) _py_stats.opcode_stats[opcode].specialization.failure_kinds[kind]++
#endif
#endif
#ifndef SPECIALIZATION_FAIL
#define SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, kind) ((void)0)
#endif
// Insert adaptive instructions and superinstructions. This cannot fail.
void
_PyCode_Quicken(PyCodeObject *code)
{
_Py_QuickenedCount++;
int previous_opcode = -1;
_Py_CODEUNIT *instructions = _PyCode_CODE(code);
for (int i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(code); i++) {
int opcode = _Py_OPCODE(instructions[i]);
uint8_t adaptive_opcode = _PyOpcode_Adaptive[opcode];
if (adaptive_opcode) {
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i], adaptive_opcode);
// Make sure the adaptive counter is zero:
assert(instructions[i + 1] == 0);
previous_opcode = -1;
i += _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode];
}
else {
assert(!_PyOpcode_Caches[opcode]);
switch (opcode) {
case JUMP_BACKWARD:
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i], JUMP_BACKWARD_QUICK);
break;
case RESUME:
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i], RESUME_QUICK);
break;
case LOAD_FAST:
switch(previous_opcode) {
case LOAD_FAST:
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i - 1],
LOAD_FAST__LOAD_FAST);
break;
case STORE_FAST:
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i - 1],
STORE_FAST__LOAD_FAST);
break;
case LOAD_CONST:
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i - 1],
LOAD_CONST__LOAD_FAST);
break;
}
break;
case STORE_FAST:
if (previous_opcode == STORE_FAST) {
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i - 1],
STORE_FAST__STORE_FAST);
}
break;
case LOAD_CONST:
if (previous_opcode == LOAD_FAST) {
_Py_SET_OPCODE(instructions[i - 1],
LOAD_FAST__LOAD_CONST);
}
break;
}
previous_opcode = opcode;
}
}
}
static inline int
miss_counter_start(void) {
/* Starting value for the counter.
* This value needs to be not too low, otherwise
* it would cause excessive de-optimization.
* Neither should it be too high, or that would delay
* de-optimization excessively when it is needed.
* A value around 50 seems to work, and we choose a
* prime number to avoid artifacts.
*/
return 53;
}
/* Common */
#define SPEC_FAIL_OTHER 0
#define SPEC_FAIL_NO_DICT 1
#define SPEC_FAIL_OVERRIDDEN 2
#define SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_VERSIONS 3
#define SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE 4
#define SPEC_FAIL_EXPECTED_ERROR 5
#define SPEC_FAIL_WRONG_NUMBER_ARGUMENTS 6
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_GLOBAL_NON_STRING_OR_SPLIT 18
/* Attributes */
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR 8
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR 9
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_DESCRIPTOR 10
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METHOD 11
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MUTABLE_CLASS 12
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_PROPERTY 13
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_OBJECT_SLOT 14
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_READ_ONLY 15
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_AUDITED_SLOT 16
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_MANAGED_DICT 17
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_STRING_OR_SPLIT 18
#define SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MODULE_ATTR_NOT_FOUND 19
/* Methods */
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR 8
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_NON_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR 9
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_NOT_DESCRIPTOR 10
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_METHOD 11
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_MUTABLE_CLASS 12
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_PROPERTY 13
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_NON_OBJECT_SLOT 14
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_IS_ATTR 15
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_DICT_SUBCLASS 16
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_BUILTIN_CLASS_METHOD 17
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_CLASS_METHOD_OBJ 18
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_OBJECT_SLOT 19
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_HAS_DICT 20
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_HAS_MANAGED_DICT 21
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_INSTANCE_ATTRIBUTE 22
#define SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_METACLASS_ATTRIBUTE 23
/* Binary subscr and store subscr */
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_ARRAY_INT 8
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_ARRAY_SLICE 9
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_LIST_SLICE 10
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_TUPLE_SLICE 11
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_STRING_INT 12
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_STRING_SLICE 13
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_BUFFER_INT 15
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_BUFFER_SLICE 16
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_SEQUENCE_INT 17
/* Store subscr */
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_BYTEARRAY_INT 18
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_BYTEARRAY_SLICE 19
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_PY_SIMPLE 20
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_PY_OTHER 21
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_DICT_SUBCLASS_NO_OVERRIDE 22
#define SPEC_FAIL_SUBSCR_NOT_HEAP_TYPE 23
/* Binary op */
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_ADD_DIFFERENT_TYPES 8
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_ADD_OTHER 9
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_AND_DIFFERENT_TYPES 10
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_AND_INT 11
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_AND_OTHER 12
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_FLOOR_DIVIDE 13
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_LSHIFT 14
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_MATRIX_MULTIPLY 15
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_DIFFERENT_TYPES 16
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_OTHER 17
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_OR 18
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_POWER 19
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_REMAINDER 20
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_RSHIFT 21
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_DIFFERENT_TYPES 22
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_OTHER 23
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_TRUE_DIVIDE_DIFFERENT_TYPES 24
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_TRUE_DIVIDE_FLOAT 25
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_TRUE_DIVIDE_OTHER 26
#define SPEC_FAIL_BINARY_OP_XOR 27
/* Calls */
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_COMPLEX_PARAMETERS 9
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CO_NOT_OPTIMIZED 10
/* SPEC_FAIL_METHOD defined as 11 above */
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_INSTANCE_METHOD 11
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CMETHOD 12
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PYCFUNCTION 13
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PYCFUNCTION_WITH_KEYWORDS 14
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PYCFUNCTION_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS 15
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PYCFUNCTION_NOARGS 16
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_BAD_CALL_FLAGS 17
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CLASS 18
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PYTHON_CLASS 19
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR 20
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_BOUND_METHOD 21
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_STR 22
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CLASS_NO_VECTORCALL 23
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_CLASS_MUTABLE 24
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_KWNAMES 25
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_METHOD_WRAPPER 26
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_OPERATOR_WRAPPER 27
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PYFUNCTION 28
#define SPEC_FAIL_CALL_PEP_523 29
/* COMPARE_OP */
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_DIFFERENT_TYPES 12
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_STRING 13
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_NOT_FOLLOWED_BY_COND_JUMP 14
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_BIG_INT 15
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_BYTES 16
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_TUPLE 17
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_LIST 18
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_SET 19
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_BOOL 20
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_BASEOBJECT 21
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_FLOAT_LONG 22
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_LONG_FLOAT 23
#define SPEC_FAIL_COMPARE_OP_EXTENDED_ARG 24
/* FOR_ITER */
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_GENERATOR 10
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_COROUTINE 11
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_ASYNC_GENERATOR 12
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_LIST 13
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_TUPLE 14
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_SET 15
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_STRING 16
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_BYTES 17
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_RANGE 18
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_ITERTOOLS 19
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_DICT_KEYS 20
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_DICT_ITEMS 21
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_DICT_VALUES 22
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_ENUMERATE 23
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_MAP 24
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_ZIP 25
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_SEQ_ITER 26
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_REVERSED_LIST 27
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_CALLABLE 28
#define SPEC_FAIL_FOR_ITER_ASCII_STRING 29
// UNPACK_SEQUENCE
#define SPEC_FAIL_UNPACK_SEQUENCE_ITERATOR 8
#define SPEC_FAIL_UNPACK_SEQUENCE_SEQUENCE 9
static int
specialize_module_load_attr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
PyObject *name, int opcode, int opcode_module)
{
_PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
PyModuleObject *m = (PyModuleObject *)owner;
PyObject *value = NULL;
assert((owner->ob_type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) == 0);
PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)m->md_dict;
if (dict == NULL) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_NO_DICT);
return -1;
}
if (dict->ma_keys->dk_kind != DICT_KEYS_UNICODE) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_STRING_OR_SPLIT);
return -1;
}
Py_ssize_t index = _PyDict_GetItemHint(dict, &_Py_ID(__getattr__), -1,
&value);
assert(index != DKIX_ERROR);
if (index != DKIX_EMPTY) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MODULE_ATTR_NOT_FOUND);
return -1;
}
index = _PyDict_GetItemHint(dict, name, -1, &value);
assert (index != DKIX_ERROR);
if (index != (uint16_t)index) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
return -1;
}
uint32_t keys_version = _PyDictKeys_GetVersionForCurrentState(dict->ma_keys);
if (keys_version == 0) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_VERSIONS);
return -1;
}
write_u32(cache->version, keys_version);
cache->index = (uint16_t)index;
_Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, opcode_module);
return 0;
}
/* Attribute specialization */
typedef enum {
OVERRIDING, /* Is an overriding descriptor, and will remain so. */
METHOD, /* Attribute has Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR set */
PROPERTY, /* Is a property */
OBJECT_SLOT, /* Is an object slot descriptor */
OTHER_SLOT, /* Is a slot descriptor of another type */
NON_OVERRIDING, /* Is another non-overriding descriptor, and is an instance of an immutable class*/
BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD, /* Builtin methods with METH_CLASS */
PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD, /* Python classmethod(func) object */
NON_DESCRIPTOR, /* Is not a descriptor, and is an instance of an immutable class */
MUTABLE, /* Instance of a mutable class; might, or might not, be a descriptor */
ABSENT, /* Attribute is not present on the class */
DUNDER_CLASS, /* __class__ attribute */
GETSET_OVERRIDDEN /* __getattribute__ or __setattr__ has been overridden */
} DescriptorClassification;
static DescriptorClassification
analyze_descriptor(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name, PyObject **descr, int store)
{
if (store) {
if (type->tp_setattro != PyObject_GenericSetAttr) {
*descr = NULL;
return GETSET_OVERRIDDEN;
}
}
else {
if (type->tp_getattro != PyObject_GenericGetAttr) {
*descr = NULL;
return GETSET_OVERRIDDEN;
}
}
PyObject *descriptor = _PyType_Lookup(type, name);
*descr = descriptor;
if (descriptor == NULL) {
return ABSENT;
}
PyTypeObject *desc_cls = Py_TYPE(descriptor);
if (!(desc_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE)) {
return MUTABLE;
}
if (desc_cls->tp_descr_set) {
if (desc_cls == &PyMemberDescr_Type) {
PyMemberDescrObject *member = (PyMemberDescrObject *)descriptor;
struct PyMemberDef *dmem = member->d_member;
if (dmem->type == T_OBJECT_EX) {
return OBJECT_SLOT;
}
return OTHER_SLOT;
}
if (desc_cls == &PyProperty_Type) {
return PROPERTY;
}
if (PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString(name, "__class__") == 0) {
if (descriptor == _PyType_Lookup(&PyBaseObject_Type, name)) {
return DUNDER_CLASS;
}
}
return OVERRIDING;
}
if (desc_cls->tp_descr_get) {
if (desc_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR) {
return METHOD;
}
if (Py_IS_TYPE(descriptor, &PyClassMethodDescr_Type)) {
return BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD;
}
if (Py_IS_TYPE(descriptor, &PyClassMethod_Type)) {
return PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD;
}
return NON_OVERRIDING;
}
return NON_DESCRIPTOR;
}
static int
specialize_dict_access(
PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyTypeObject *type,
DescriptorClassification kind, PyObject *name,
int base_op, int values_op, int hint_op)
{
assert(kind == NON_OVERRIDING || kind == NON_DESCRIPTOR || kind == ABSENT ||
kind == BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD || kind == PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD);
// No descriptor, or non overriding.
if ((type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) == 0) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NOT_MANAGED_DICT);
return 0;
}
_PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
PyObject **dictptr = _PyObject_ManagedDictPointer(owner);
PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)*dictptr;
if (dict == NULL) {
// Virtual dictionary
PyDictKeysObject *keys = ((PyHeapTypeObject *)type)->ht_cached_keys;
assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(name));
Py_ssize_t index = _PyDictKeys_StringLookup(keys, name);
assert (index != DKIX_ERROR);
if (index != (uint16_t)index) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
return 0;
}
write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
cache->index = (uint16_t)index;
_Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, values_op);
}
else {
if (!PyDict_CheckExact(dict)) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_NO_DICT);
return 0;
}
// We found an instance with a __dict__.
PyObject *value = NULL;
Py_ssize_t hint =
_PyDict_GetItemHint(dict, name, -1, &value);
if (hint != (uint16_t)hint) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(base_op, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
return 0;
}
cache->index = (uint16_t)hint;
write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
_Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, hint_op);
}
return 1;
}
int
_Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
{
assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[LOAD_ATTR] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
_PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
if (PyModule_CheckExact(owner)) {
int err = specialize_module_load_attr(owner, instr, name, LOAD_ATTR,
LOAD_ATTR_MODULE);
if (err) {
goto fail;
}
goto success;
}
PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(owner);
if (type->tp_dict == NULL) {
if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
return -1;
}
}
PyObject *descr;
DescriptorClassification kind = analyze_descriptor(type, name, &descr, 0);
switch(kind) {
case OVERRIDING:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR);
goto fail;
case METHOD:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METHOD);
goto fail;
case PROPERTY:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_PROPERTY);
goto fail;
case OBJECT_SLOT:
{
PyMemberDescrObject *member = (PyMemberDescrObject *)descr;
struct PyMemberDef *dmem = member->d_member;
Py_ssize_t offset = dmem->offset;
if (dmem->flags & PY_AUDIT_READ) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_AUDITED_SLOT);
goto fail;
}
if (offset != (uint16_t)offset) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
goto fail;
}
assert(dmem->type == T_OBJECT_EX);
assert(offset > 0);
cache->index = (uint16_t)offset;
write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
_Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, LOAD_ATTR_SLOT);
goto success;
}
case DUNDER_CLASS:
{
Py_ssize_t offset = offsetof(PyObject, ob_type);
assert(offset == (uint16_t)offset);
cache->index = (uint16_t)offset;
write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
_Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, LOAD_ATTR_SLOT);
goto success;
}
case OTHER_SLOT:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_OBJECT_SLOT);
goto fail;
case MUTABLE:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MUTABLE_CLASS);
goto fail;
case GETSET_OVERRIDDEN:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OVERRIDDEN);
goto fail;
case BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD:
case PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD:
case NON_OVERRIDING:
case NON_DESCRIPTOR:
case ABSENT:
break;
}
int err = specialize_dict_access(
owner, instr, type, kind, name,
LOAD_ATTR, LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT
);
if (err < 0) {
return -1;
}
if (err) {
goto success;
}
fail:
STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, failure);
assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
cache->counter = adaptive_counter_backoff(cache->counter);
return 0;
success:
STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, success);
assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
cache->counter = miss_counter_start();
return 0;
}
int
_Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
{
assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[STORE_ATTR] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR);
_PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)(instr + 1);
PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(owner);
if (PyModule_CheckExact(owner)) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OVERRIDDEN);
goto fail;
}
PyObject *descr;
DescriptorClassification kind = analyze_descriptor(type, name, &descr, 1);
switch(kind) {
case OVERRIDING:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR);
goto fail;
case METHOD:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_METHOD);
goto fail;
case PROPERTY:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_PROPERTY);
goto fail;
case OBJECT_SLOT:
{
PyMemberDescrObject *member = (PyMemberDescrObject *)descr;
struct PyMemberDef *dmem = member->d_member;
Py_ssize_t offset = dmem->offset;
if (dmem->flags & READONLY) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_READ_ONLY);
goto fail;
}
if (offset != (uint16_t)offset) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
goto fail;
}
assert(dmem->type == T_OBJECT_EX);
assert(offset > 0);
cache->index = (uint16_t)offset;
write_u32(cache->version, type->tp_version_tag);
_Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, STORE_ATTR_SLOT);
goto success;
}
case DUNDER_CLASS:
case OTHER_SLOT:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_NON_OBJECT_SLOT);
goto fail;
case MUTABLE:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MUTABLE_CLASS);
goto fail;
case GETSET_OVERRIDDEN:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(STORE_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_OVERRIDDEN);
goto fail;
case BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD:
case PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD:
case NON_OVERRIDING:
case NON_DESCRIPTOR:
case ABSENT:
break;
}
int err = specialize_dict_access(
owner, instr, type, kind, name,
STORE_ATTR, STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE, STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT
);
if (err < 0) {
return -1;
}
if (err) {
goto success;
}
fail:
STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, failure);
assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
cache->counter = adaptive_counter_backoff(cache->counter);
return 0;
success:
STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, success);
assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
cache->counter = miss_counter_start();
return 0;
}
#ifdef Py_STATS
static int
load_method_fail_kind(DescriptorClassification kind)
{
switch (kind) {
case OVERRIDING:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR;
case METHOD:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_METHOD;
case PROPERTY:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_PROPERTY;
case OBJECT_SLOT:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_OBJECT_SLOT;
case OTHER_SLOT:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_NON_OBJECT_SLOT;
case DUNDER_CLASS:
return SPEC_FAIL_OTHER;
case MUTABLE:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_MUTABLE_CLASS;
case GETSET_OVERRIDDEN:
return SPEC_FAIL_OVERRIDDEN;
case BUILTIN_CLASSMETHOD:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_BUILTIN_CLASS_METHOD;
case PYTHON_CLASSMETHOD:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_CLASS_METHOD_OBJ;
case NON_OVERRIDING:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_NON_OVERRIDING_DESCRIPTOR;
case NON_DESCRIPTOR:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_NOT_DESCRIPTOR;
case ABSENT:
return SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_INSTANCE_ATTRIBUTE;
}
Py_UNREACHABLE();
}
#endif
static int
specialize_class_load_method(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
PyObject *name)
{
_PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)(instr + 1);
PyObject *descr = NULL;
DescriptorClassification kind = 0;
kind = analyze_descriptor((PyTypeObject *)owner, name, &descr, 0);
switch (kind) {
case METHOD:
case NON_DESCRIPTOR:
write_u32(cache->type_version, ((PyTypeObject *)owner)->tp_version_tag);
write_obj(cache->descr, descr);
_Py_SET_OPCODE(*instr, LOAD_METHOD_CLASS);
return 0;
#ifdef Py_STATS
case ABSENT:
if (_PyType_Lookup(Py_TYPE(owner), name) != NULL) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_METHOD, SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_METACLASS_ATTRIBUTE);
}
else {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_METHOD, SPEC_FAIL_EXPECTED_ERROR);
}
return -1;
#endif
default:
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_METHOD, load_method_fail_kind(kind));
return -1;
}
}
typedef enum {
MANAGED_VALUES = 1,
MANAGED_DICT = 2,
OFFSET_DICT = 3,
NO_DICT = 4,
LAZY_DICT = 5,
} ObjectDictKind;
// Please collect stats carefully before and after modifying. A subtle change
// can cause a significant drop in cache hits. A possible test is
// python.exe -m test_typing test_re test_dis test_zlib.
int
_Py_Specialize_LoadMethod(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr, PyObject *name)
{
assert(_PyOpcode_Caches[LOAD_METHOD] == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_METHOD);
_PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)(instr + 1);
PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
if (PyModule_CheckExact(owner)) {
assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR <=
INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_METHOD);
int err = specialize_module_load_attr(owner, instr, name, LOAD_METHOD,
LOAD_METHOD_MODULE);
if (err) {
goto fail;
}
goto success;
}
if (owner_cls->tp_dict == NULL) {
if (PyType_Ready(owner_cls) < 0) {
return -1;
}
}
if (PyType_Check(owner)) {
int err = specialize_class_load_method(owner, instr, name);
if (err) {
goto fail;
}
goto success;
}
PyObject *descr = NULL;
DescriptorClassification kind = 0;
kind = analyze_descriptor(owner_cls, name, &descr, 0);
assert(descr != NULL || kind == ABSENT || kind == GETSET_OVERRIDDEN);
if (kind != METHOD) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_METHOD, load_method_fail_kind(kind));
goto fail;
}
ObjectDictKind dictkind;
PyDictKeysObject *keys;
if (owner_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) {
PyObject *dict = *_PyObject_ManagedDictPointer(owner);
keys = ((PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls)->ht_cached_keys;
if (dict == NULL) {
dictkind = MANAGED_VALUES;
}
else {
dictkind = MANAGED_DICT;
}
}
else {
Py_ssize_t dictoffset = owner_cls->tp_dictoffset;
if (dictoffset < 0 || dictoffset > INT16_MAX) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_METHOD, SPEC_FAIL_OUT_OF_RANGE);
goto fail;
}
if (dictoffset == 0) {
dictkind = NO_DICT;
keys = NULL;
}
else {
PyObject *dict = *(PyObject **) ((char *)owner + dictoffset);
if (dict == NULL) {
// This object will have a dict if user access __dict__
dictkind = LAZY_DICT;
keys = NULL;
}
else {
keys = ((PyDictObject *)dict)->ma_keys;
dictkind = OFFSET_DICT;
}
}
}
if (dictkind == MANAGED_VALUES || dictkind == OFFSET_DICT) {
Py_ssize_t index = _PyDictKeys_StringLookup(keys, name);
if (index != DKIX_EMPTY) {
SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_METHOD, SPEC_FAIL_LOAD_METHOD_IS_ATTR);
goto fail;
}